BulletinThe Survey, 1906 - 259 Seiten |
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Alumina analysis average tensile strength bank behaved as follows blue clay brick mixture brown brown buff Absorption burned in scove burning it behaved burns steel hard calcareous clays cent of water clay burns steel clay Lab coarse common brick Cone 03 Cone Fire shrinkage cream cream-burning clays deposit dried Dry-press bricklets drying estuarine clays feet Ferric oxide Ferric oxide FeO3 Fire shrinkage Color grains gritty hard at cone light buff light red Lime CaO limonite loess Loss on ignition Magnesia MgO Manitowoc manufacture of common Maquoketa material Menomonie Merrillan mesh Milwaukee molding sands pink buff Platteville porosity Potash pounds per square red brown red dark red red red red-burning clay residual clay sample scove kilns shale shrinkage Color Absorption Silica SiO2 silty slaking Soda Na,O Soluble salts square inch Stevens Point stiff-mud tests Titanic acid viscous vitrified Water required Wet-molded bricklets yard
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Seite 10 - There are two methods of quantitatively analyzing clays, the one being termed the ultimate analysis and the other the rational analysis. The ultimate analysis. In this method of analysis, which is the one usually employed the various ingredients of a clay are considered to exist as oxides, although they may really be present in much more complex form.
Seite 11 - ... and lime (CaO), with the percentage of each given separately. The sum of these two percentages would, however, be equal to the amount of lime carbonate present. While the ultimate analysis, therefore, fails to indicate definitely what compounds are present in the clay, still there are many facts to be gained from it. The ultimate analysis of a clay might be expressed as follows : Silica...
Seite 34 - ... but at the same time will not receive the direct touch of the flame from the fuel. It is always well to put two or more cones of different numbers in the kiln, so that warning can be had, not only of the end point of firing, but also of the rapidity with which the temperature is rising. In determining the proper cone to use in burning any kind of ware, several cones are put in the kiln, as for example, numbers .08, 1 and 5. If .08 and 1 are bent over and 5 is not affected, the temperature of...
Seite 12 - water. Clays with a large amount of chemically combined water sometimes exhibit a tendency to crack in burning, and may also show high shrinkage. If kaolinite is the only mineral present containing chemically combined water, the percentage of the latter will be approximately one-third that of the percentage of alumina, but if the clay contains much limonite or hydrous silica the percentage of chemically combined water may be much higher. 5. Excess of silica. A large excess of silica indicates a sandy...
Seite 29 - For practical purposes these cones are very successful, though their use has been somewhat unreasonably discouraged by some. They have been much used by foreign manufacturers of clay products and their use in the United States is increasing.
Seite 79 - France by a mixture of apples and flour, in the proportion of one of the former to two of the latter. The...
Seite 18 - ... within 41.6° C. (76° F.) of each other. This rapid softening of calcareous clays is one of the main objections to their use, and on this account also, it is not usually safe to attempt the manufacture of vitrified products from them, but, as mentioned under magnesia, the presence of several per cent.