the Code of Law for the District of Columbia." at end of first par. § 222. Federal reserve districts; membership of national banks [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 251; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, § 203(a), 49 Stat. 704; Pub. L. 85-508, § 19, July 7, 1958, 72 Stat. 350; Pub. L. 86-3, § 17, Mar. 18, 1959, 73 Stat. 12.) REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Section is based on part of the first par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Some of the other provisions of the first par. are classified to section 223 of this title, and some were not included in the Code. The second par. of section 2 is classified in part to section 225 of this title. The rest of the second par. was not included in the Code. The third par. of section 2 is classified in part to section 282 of this title. The rest of the third par. was not included in the Code. The fourth par. of section 2 is classified to section 502 of this title. The sixth and seventh pars. of section 2 are classified to section 501a of this title. The ninth par. of section 2 is classified to section 283 of this title. The tenth par. of section 2 was classified in part to former section 284 of this title. The rest of the tenth par. was not included in the Code. The eleventh and twelfth pars. of section 2 are classified to sections 285 and 286, respectively, of this title. The thirteenth par. of section 2 is classified in part to section 224 of this title and in part to section 281 of this title. The rest of the thirteenth par. was not included in the Code. The fifth and eighth pars. of section 2 were not included in the Code. § 223. Number of Federal reserve cities in district [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 251.) CODIFICATION Section is based on part of the first par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Some of the other provisions of the first par. are classified to section 222 of this title, and some were not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note under section 222 of this title. § 224. Status of reserve cities under former statutes [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 253; Pub. L. 86-114, §3(b)(5), July 28, 1959, 73 Stat. 264.) CODIFICATION Section is comprised of part of the thirteenth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Some of the other provisions of the thirteenth par. are classified to section 281 of this title, and some were not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 225. Federal reserve banks; title (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 252.) CODIFICATION Section is based on part of the second par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. The rest of the second par. was not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 226. "Federal Reserve Act" REFERENCES IN TEXT The Act of December 23, 1913, ch. 6, referred to in text, is classified to this section, sections 1, 35, 59, 90, 92, 141, 142, 221, 222 to 225b, 241 to 248b, 261 to 263, 281 to 290, 301 to 308, 321 to 336, 338 to 339a, 341 to 352, 353 to 361, 371 to 371b, 371b-2 to 376, 391, 392, 393. 411 to 416, 418 to 421, 441 to 448, 461, 462, 462b to 467, 481 to 486, 501a to 506, 521, 522, 531, 601 to 604a, and 611 to 633 of this title and as a provision set out as a note under this section. Subsecs. (a)-(c) and (h)-(k) of section 22 of the Act, which were classified to former sections 593 to 599 of this title, were repealed and restated in sections 217 to 220, 433, 655, 656, 1005, 1014, 1906, and 1909 of Title 18. Crimes and Criminal Procedure, by act June 25. 1948. ch. 645, §§1, 21, 62 Stat. 683, 862, the first section of which enacted Title 18. Sections 217 to 220 of Title 18 were subsequently renumbered sections 212 to 215 of Title 18, respectively, by Pub. L. 87-849, §1(d), Oct. 23, 1962, 76 Stat. 1125. Sections 212 and 213 of Title 18, as renumbered by Pub. L. 87-849, were subsequently repealed by Pub. L. 108-198, § 2(a), Dec. 19, 2003. 117 Stat. 2899. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables. CODIFICATION This section is comprised of the first par. of section 1 of act Dec. 23, 1913. The second to fourth pars. of section 1 are classified to section 221 of this title. SUBCHAPTER II-BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM § 241. Creation; membership; compensation and expenses The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (hereinafter referred to as the "Board") shall be composed of seven members, to be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, after August 23, 1935. for terms of fourteen years except as hereinafter provided, but each appointive member of the Federal Reserve Board in office on such date shall continue to serve as a member of the Board until February 1, 1936, and the Secretary of the Treasury and the Comptroller of the Currency shall continue to serve as members of the Board until February 1, 1936. In selecting the members of the Board, not more than one of whom shall be selected from any one Federal Reserve district, the President shall have due regard to a fair representation of the financial, agricultural, industrial, and commercial interests, and geographical divisions of the country. The members of the Board shall devote their entire time to the business of the Board and shall each receive basic compensation at the rate of $15,000 per annum, payable monthly, together with actual necessary traveling expenses. [See main edition for text of credits] CODIFICATION Text is set out in this supplement to correct an error appearing in the main edition. REPEALS Act Oct. 15, 1949, ch. 695, §4, 63 Stat. 880, formerly cited as a credit to this section, which was used as authority to substitute $16,000" for "$15,000" in the last sentence, was repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, §8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 655. § 248-1. Rules and regulations for transfer of funds and charges therefor among banks; clearing houses CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the thirteenth par. (formerly the fourteenth par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913, which was formerly classified to section 248(0) of this title. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1980- Pub. L. 96-221, which directed amendment of "[t]he fourteenth paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 248(0))" by substituting "depository institutions" for "its member banks", was executed by making the substitution in this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress. § 250. Independence of financial regulatory agencies No officer or agency of the United States shall have any authority to require the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Comptroller of the Currency, the Director of the Office of Thrift Supervision, the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or the National Credit Union Administration to submit legislative recommendations, or testimony, or comments on legislation, to any officer or agency of the United States for approval, comments, or review, prior to the submission of such recommendations, testimony, or comments to the Congress if such recommendations, testimony, or comments to the Congress include a statement indicating that the views expressed therein are those of the agency submitting them and do not necessarily represent the views of the President. (As amended Pub. L. 110-289, div. A, title I, § 1102(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2664.) AMENDMENTS 2008-Pub. L. 110-289 substituted "the Director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency" for "the Federal Housing Finance Board". SUBCHAPTER VI-CAPITAL AND STOCK OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS; DIVIDENDS AND EARNINGS § 281. Capital [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 253.) CODIFICATION Section is comprised of part of the thirteenth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Some of the other provisions of the thirteenth par. are classified to section 224 of this title, and some were not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 282. Subscription to capital stock by national banking association [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 252; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, § 203(a), 49 Stat. 704.) CODIFICATION Section is based on part of the third par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. The rest of the third par. was not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 283. Public subscription to capital stock [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (par.), 38 Stat. 253.) CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the ninth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 284. Omitted CODIFICATION Section, act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (part), 38 Stat. 253, was omitted as obsolete pursuant to a communication from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System dated Mar. 7, 1941, which stated "As originally enacted the Federal Reserve Act provided for a Reserve Bank Organization Committee to have charge of the initial steps in organizing the Federal Reserve System and this Committee was authorized to allot Federal Reserve Bank stock to the United States in the event that subscriptions to such stock by banks and by the public were inadequate. However, subscriptions by member banks were adequate and there was no necessity or authority for the allocation of any stock to the United States. Accordingly, [this section] is now of no practical effect, and may be regarded as obsolete." This section was based on part of the tenth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. The rest of the tenth par. was not included in the Code. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 285. Nonvoting stock [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (par.), 38 Stat. 253.) CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the eleventh par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 286. Transfers of stock; rules and regulations [See main edition for text] (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, §2 (par.), 38 Stat. 253; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, title II, § 203(a), 49 Stat. 704.) CODIFICATION Section is based on the twelfth par. of section 2 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification of other pars. of section 2 of this Act, see Codification note set out under section 222 of this title. § 330. Laws applicable on becoming members; discounts for State banks Banks becoming members of the Federal reserve system under authority of this subchapter shall be subject to the provisions of this subchapter and to those of this chapter which relate specifically to member banks, but shall not be subject to examination under the provisions of sections 481 and 482 of this title. Subject to the provisions of this chapter and to the regulations of the board made pursuant thereto, any bank becoming a member of the Federal reserve system shall retain its full charter and statutory rights as a State bank or trust company, and may continue to exercise all corporate powers granted it by the State in which it was created, and shall be entitled to all privileges of member banks, except that the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may limit the activities of State member banks and subsidiaries of State member banks in a manner consistent with section 1831a of this title. No Federal reserve bank shall be permitted to discount for any State bank or trust company notes, drafts, or bills of exchange of any one borrower who is liable for borrowed money to such State bank or trust company in an amount greater than that which could be borrowed lawfully from such State bank or trust company were it a national bank ing association. The Federal reserve bank, as a condition of the discount of notes, drafts, and bills of exchange for such State bank or trust company, shall require a certificate or guaranty to the effect that the borrower is not liable to such bank in excess of the amount provided by this subchapter, and will not be permitted to become liable in excess of this amount while such notes, drafts, or bills of exchange are under discount with the Federal reserve bank. [See main edition for credits] REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. CODIFICATION Section is set out in this supplement to correct an error appearing in the main edition. § 338a. Investments to promote public welfare and community development; limitation on investments A State member bank may make investments directly or indirectly, each of which is designed primarily to promote the public welfare, including the welfare of low- and moderate-income communities or families (such as by providing housing, services, or jobs), to the extent permissible under State law. A State member bank shall not make any such investment if the investment would expose the State member bank to unlimited liability. The Board shall limit a State member bank's investment in any 1 project and a State member bank's aggregate investments under this paragraph. The aggregate amount of investments of any State member bank under this paragraph may not exceed an amount equal to the sum of 5 percent of the State member bank's capital stock actually paid in and unimpaired and 5 percent of the State member bank's unimpaired surplus, unless the Board determines, by order, that a higher amount will pose no significant risk to the affected deposit insurance fund; and the State member bank is adequately capitalized. In no case shall the aggregate amount of investments of any State member bank under this paragraph exceed an amount equal to the sum of 15 percent of the State member bank's capital stock actually paid in and unimpaired and 15 percent of the State member bank's unimpaired surplus. The foregoing standards and limitations apply to investments under this paragraph made by a State member bank directly and by its subsidiaries. (As amended Pub. L. 110-289, div. B, title V, § 2503(b), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2857.) AMENDMENTS 2008-Pub. L. 110-289, which directed substitution of "is designed primarily to promote the public welfare, including the welfare of" for "promotes the public welfare by benefitting primarily" in first sentence, was executed by making the substitution for "promotes the public welfare by benefiting primarily" to reflect the probable intent of Congress. SUBCHAPTER IX-POWERS AND DUTIES OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS § 342. Deposits; exchange and collection; member and nonmember banks or other depository institutions; charges REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. § 343. Discount of obligations arising out of actual commercial transactions REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23. 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. $347. Advances to member banks on their notes REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. § 347b. Advances to individual member banks on time or demand notes; maturities; time notes secured by mortgage loans covering one-tofour family residences REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (b)(4), was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. §353. Purchase and sale of cable transfers, acceptances and bills REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text .note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. § 355. Purchase and sale of obligations of National, State, and municipal governments; open market operations; purchases and sales from or to United States; maximum aggregate amount of obligations acquired directly from or loaned directly to United States REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in par. (1), was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. § 360. Receiving checks and drafts on deposit at par; charges for collections, exchange, and clearances CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the twelfth par. (formerly the thirteenth par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1980-Pub. L. 96-221, which directed amendment of "[t]he thirteenth paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 360)" by substituting "depository institutions" for "member banks" wherever appearing and "depository institution" for "member bank" wherever appearing and by inserting "and other items, including negotiable orders of withdrawal and share drafts" after "checks" wherever appearing, was executed to this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress. SUBCHAPTER XI-DEPOSITARIES AND § 392. Depositaries of Government funds as confined to banks in Federal reserve system; member banks as depositaries REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251, known as the Federal Reserve Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. SUBCHAPTER XII-FEDERAL RESERVE NOTES § 411. Issuance to reserve banks; nature of obligation; redemption CODIFICATION Section is comprised of first par. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Pars. 2 to 5, 6 (formerly 7), 7 to 10 (formerly 8 to 11, respectively), 12 (formerly 13), 13 (formerly 14), and 14 to 16 (formerly 15, 16, and 18, respectively) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913, are classified to sections 412 to 415, 416, 418 to 421, 360, 248-1, and 467, respectively, of this title. Former pars. 6 and 17 of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913, formerly classified to sections 415 and 467, respectively, of this title, were repealed by Pub. L. 90-269, §§ 5, 7, Mar. 18, 1968, 82 Stat. 50. Par. 11 (formerly 12) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913, formerly classified to section 422 of this title, was superseded by act June 26, 1934, ch. 756, §1(a), (b)(3), 48 Stat. 1225. § 415. Reduction of liability for outstanding notes by depositing notes and collateral and payment of notes of series prior to 1928; reissue of deposited notes CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the fifth par. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. Section was formerly comprised of the fifth and sixth pars. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913, before repeal of the sixth par. by Pub. L. 90-269, see 1968 Amendment note below. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. § 416. Withdrawal of collateral deposited to protect notes and substitution of other collateral; retirement of notes; payment of notes of series prior to 1928; recovery of collateral; reissue of deposited notes CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the sixth par. (formerly the seventh par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. § 417. Custody and safe-keeping of notes issued to and collateral deposited with Reserve agent All Federal Reserve notes and all gold certificates, Special Drawing Right certificates, and lawful money issued to or deposited with any Federal Reserve agent under the provisions of the Federal Reserve Act shall hereafter be held for such agent, under such rules and regulations as the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System may prescribe, in the joint custody of himself and the Federal Reserve bank to which he is accredited. Such agent and such Federal Reserve bank shall be jointly liable for the safe-keeping of such Federal Reserve notes, gold certificates, Special Drawing Right certificates, and lawful money. Nothing herein contained, however, shall be construed to prohibit a Federal Reserve agent from depositing gold certificates and Special Drawing Right certificates with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, to be held by such Board subject to his order, or with the Treasurer of the United States for the purposes authorized by law. REFERENCES IN TEXT The Federal Reserve Act, referred to in text, is act Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, 38 Stat. 251. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under section 226 of this title and Tables. Hereafter, referred to in text, probably means on and after June 21, 1917. CODIFICATION Text is set out in this supplement to undo a translation appearing in the main edition. AMENDMENTS 1968 Pub. L. 90-349, which directed amendment of "[t]he seventh paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act, as amended (12 U.S.C. 417)" by inserting ", Special Drawing Right certificates," after "gold certificates" in the first sentence, "Special Drawing Right certificates," after "gold certificates," in the second sentence, and "and Special Drawing Right certificates" after "gold certificates" in the third sentence, was executed by making the insertions in this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1934 Act Jan. 30, 1934, which directed general amendment of the eighth par. of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act, was executed to this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "All Federal reserve notes and all gold, gold certificates, and lawful money issued to or deposited with any Federal reserve agent under the provisions of the Federal reserve Act shall hereafter be held for such agent, under such rules and regulations as the Federal Reserve Board may prescribe, in the joint custody of himself and the Federal reserve bank to which he is accredited. Such agent and such Federal reserve bank shall be jointly liable for the safe-keeping of such Federal reserve notes, gold, gold certificates, and lawful money. Nothing herein contained, however, shall be construed to prohibit a Federal reserve agent from depositing gold or gold certificates with the Federal Reserve Board, to be held by such board subject to his order, or with the Treasurer of the United States for the purposes authorized by law." § 418. Printing of notes; denomination and form CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the seventh par. (formerly the eighth par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1994 Pub. L. 103-325, which directed amendment of "[t]he 1st sentence of the 8th undesignated paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 418)" by substituting "the Secretary of the Treasury shall" for "the Comptroller of the Currency shall under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury," was executed by making the substitution in this section for "the Comptroller of the Currency shall, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury," to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1963 Pub. L. 83-36, which directed amendment of "[t]he first sentence of the ninth paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 418)" by inserting $1, $2," after "notes of the denominations of', was executed by making the insertion in this section, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. 1918-Act Sept. 26, 1918, which directed general amendment of "the ninth paragraph of section sixteen of the Federal reserve Act, as amended by the Acts approved September seventh, nineteen hundred and sixteen, and June twenty-first, nineteen hundred and seventeen," was executed to the eighth par. of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913 (now classified to this section), to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: "In order to furnish suitable notes for circulation as Federal reserve notes, the Comptroller of the Currency shall, under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, cause plates and dies to be engraved in the best manner to guard against counterfeits and fraudulent alterations, and shall have printed therefrom and numbered such quantities of such notes of the denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, as may be required to supply the Federal reserve banks. Such notes shall be in form and tenor as directed by the Secretary of the Treasury under the provisions of this Act and shall bear the distinctive numbers of the several Federal reserve banks through which they are issued." § 419. Delivery of notes prior to delivery to banks CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the eighth par. (formerly the ninth par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1994-Pub. L. 103-325, which directed general amendment of "[t]he 9th undesignated paragraph of section 16 of the Federal Reserve Act (12 U.S.C. 419)", was executed to this section to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "When such notes have been prepared, they shall be deposited in the Treasury, or in the designated depositary or mint of the United States nearest the place of business of each Federal reserve bank and shall be held for the use of such bank subject to the order of the Comptroller of the Currency for their delivery, as provided by this chapter." § 420. Control and direction of plates and dies; expense of issue and retirement of notes paid by banks CODIFICATION Section is comprised of the ninth par. (formerly the tenth par.) of section 16 of act Dec. 23, 1913. For classification to this title of other pars. of section 16, see Codification note set out under section 411 of this title. AMENDMENTS 1994-Pub. L. 103-325, which directed amendment of "[t]he 10th undesignated paragraph of section 16 of the |