sailed for Navy Island, where she immediately acted as passage-boat, conveying men and artillery from the American shore to the aforesaid territory of the Queen of Great Britain.

The means for invading Upper Canada were now successfully effected. A lodgment had been made; our enemy was converging to their camp, on Navy Island, from all directions; and we now saw the irresistible power of steam flash into action for the evident object of accelerating the invasion of Her Majesty's dominions! Our danger was imminent: the population of Upper Canada did not amount to half a million, while that of the United States exceeded sixteen millions; and I was quite sensible that if our invaders could but overpower us on the frontier, the Province would immediately be overwhelmed with riflemen, who, after robbing and murdering the loyal, would take possession of the fastnesses of their country, and then fortify them with the artillery of the United States before the ice should break up and allow any succour from England; and surely I need hardly say that if this calamity had befallen one of the most valuable of Her Majesty's North American provinces, I should most justly have been arraigned for the high crime and misdemeanour of having, contrary to the royal instructions, contrary to the usages of war, and contrary to the advice of every respectable authority, shamefully neglected to recover the Queen's territory and to protect the lives and properties of Her Majesty's subjects which had been committed to my care.

I most confidently submit to the judgment of even the most strenuous advocates of peace, that I had carried forbearance to its utmost limits, and that promptly to deprive the citizens of the State of New York of an engine by which they were about to invade us, was, in fact, under Providence, the only reasonable hope left of preventing-as it did prevent-war between the United States and Great Britain.

Under these circumstances the Caroline' was captured; and that there should be no misunderstanding on the subject, on the following day, in public orders, I unequivocally approved of the act. The details of this gallant feat need not be repeated. Every Canadian, and, I trust, every British traveller, will ever think of them with pride as he gazes on the Falls of Niagara. I will only once more record that this act of calm justice and cool vengeance produced febrifugal results highly beneficial. It struck terror into those who, with bands and banners, were marching from all directions to force upon the Canadian people "responsible government;" and thus inducing them to halt, the United States Government were not only obliged, but were enabled to exert themselves. They recovered their artillery, General Van Ransalaer with his force fled, the assault of his camp became unnecessary, and from that hour to this the Niagara frontier of Upper Canada has never been invaded.

The House of Assembly of Nova Scotia, on hearing of this contest, voted unanimously a hun

derd thousand pounds to assist, if necessary, the people of Upper Canada; moreover, in doing so, the House actually rose and "gave three cheers for the loyal people of Upper Canada, and three cheers for Her most gracious Majesty Queen Victoria." From the Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick I received the following communication:

"SIR,

"Government House, Frederickton, Jan. 28, 1839.

"In compliance with the desire of the General Assembly of this Province, I have great pleasure in transmitting to your Excellency the sum of one thousand pounds voted by the House of Assembly, and warmly concurred in by the Legislative Council, for the purpose of being applied, under your Excellency's directions, to the relief of the immediate necessities of such of their loyal fellowsubjects in the Canadas and their families, as have been sufferers from the recent inroads by brigands from the United States.

"I cannot refrain from acquainting your Excellency that this, the first vote in supply' of the present Session by the representatives of the people of this loyal Province, was passed by them not only without a single dissentient voice, but literally by acclamation, the whole House rising (as would have done the whole people) and cheering upon

the occasion.

At this moment of triumph, effected, not by me, but by the intrinsic merit of British institutions I had sworn to uphold, it is a matter of history that I was relieved from the post I was occupying for

having refused, during the conflict in which I had been involved, to select and raise to the bench Mr. Bidwell, the late Speaker of the republican minority, who, in consequence of having advocated "responsible government," had lost his election and seat in the House, and who, on the breaking out of the rebellion, had self-convicted retired to the United States, where of his own accord he publicly abjured his allegiance to the British Crown.

CHAPTER XI.

THE APOLOGY.

IN the amicable adjustment of every question of dispute between individuals of high honour, or between nations of high character, there are certain words to which most especial importance has invariably been attached, and first and foremost in this vocabulary stands the word " APOLOGY."

In every case in which an individual has received unjustifiable insult, or in which a nation has reasonably complained of aggression, reparation has usually been demanded either by the payment of money, or by the offending party consenting to use towards the other the word "apology." A man of honour does not want more, cannot take less ; and this has always been so clearly understood, that in the amicable settlement of cases of this nature it has been customary for the advocate of the offended party to say to the advocate of the offending party, "Use but the word 'apology,' and you may accompany it with almost whatever other words you may think proper, but that detergent word must be pronounced.''

Now, as regards the case of the 'Caroline,' the facts are shortly as follows:

So long as the citizens of the United States were firing their State artillery upon the unoffending sub