8757 June 28. A militia-act paffed for England. xix. 319, 44. 29. 30. Meff. Pitt and Legge restored to their places by the King of G. Britain. ib. 326. July 5. The Ruffians enter Pruffia, and take Memel. ib. 362. 15. The execution army of the empire join the French. ib. 368. 24. The Duke of Cumberland worsted, at Haftenbeck, by M. de Etrées. ib. 419. Aug. 9. Fort William-Henry in North America taken by the French. ib. 541,98. 30. Weblau battle between the Pruffians and Ruffians under Lebwald and Apraxin. ib. 479. Sept. The Swedes enter Brandenburg-Pruffia. ib. 482. 7. An action between the Pruffians and Auftrians at Hennerfdorf. ib. 486. 8. A convention at Clofter-Seven, between M. Richelieu and the D. of Cumberland. ib. 483. 13. The Ruffians march precipitately out of Pruffia. ib. 482. 07.1: A British armament fent to destroy Rochefort, &c. returns unsuccessfully. ib. 497. 16. Contributions raised at Berlin by the Austrian general Haddick. ib. 591. Nov. 5. The French and Imperialifts defeated by the King of Pruffia at Rofbach. ib. 593. 11. Schweidnitz surrendered to the Auftrians. ib. 590. 22.24. The Prussians defeated near Breslau, and that place taken. ib. 644, 6. 28. The Hanoverian army put again in motion, under Pr. Ferdinand of Brunswick. xx. 39. Dec. 5. The Auftrians defeated by the King of Pruffia at Lissa, xix. 647. 20. Breslau retaken by the King of Prussia. ib. 649. 1758. Feb. 23. The hereditary Prince of Brunswick defeats C. Chabot, and takes Hoya, xx. 99. 28. The electorate of Hanover evacuated by the French. ib. 100. 28. Two large French men of war taken by Adm. Ofborn in the Mediterranean. ib. 215. Mar. 5. Minden invested by the Allies. Surrendered by the French on the 14th. ib. 157, 8. 20. Embden evacuated by the French, on the approach of the British admiral Holmes, ib. 159. April 16.Schweidnitz retaken by the King of Pruffia. ib. 202. 29. The French admiral D' Ache worsted in the East Indies by Adm. Pocock. xxi. 311.537. May 1. Senegal in Africa ferrendered to the British forces under Com. Marth and Maj. Mason.xx.271. 27. Olmutz invefted by the Pruffians. The fiege raifed July 1. ib. 258. 374 June 2. Fort St David's, a Britifn fort in the Eaft Indies, furrendered to the French. xxi. 1458. The fhipping at St Maloes burnt by the Duke of Marlborough. xx. 322. 23. An action at Crevelt, between Pr. Ferdinand and the Prince of Clermont. ib. 311 July 8. The British troops under Gen. Abercrombie repulfed by the French at Ticonderoga. ib. 437 23. The Heffians under the Prince of Ifemburg defeated at Sunderfhaufen by M. Broglio. ib. 376. 26. Louifburg and Cape Breton furrendered to Adm. Bofcawen and Gen Amherst. ib. 434. Aug. 3. M. d'Ache worfled again by Adm. Pocock in the East Indies. xxi. 311. 538. 3. The French under Chevert, defeated at Meer by the Hanoverians under Imhoff. xx. 428. 8. Cherburg furrendered to, and its harbour deftroyed by Gen. Bligh and Com. Howe. xx. 440. 25. The Ruffians under Gen. Fermor, defeated by the King of Pruffia at Zorndorff. ib. 426. 27. Fort Frontenac in North America furrendered to the British under Col. Bradstreet. ib. 546. Sept. 11. The rear of Gen. Bligh's army fet upon by the French at St Cas. ib. 492. 15. A detachment under Major Grant defeated near Fort du Quefne. ib. 548. 660. Off. 10. Gen. Oberg defeated at Lutternberg by the Prince de Soubife. ib. 540. 14. The King of Pruflia furprised at Hochkirchen by M. Daun, and M. Keith killed. ib. 536. Nov 24. Fort du Quefne abandoned by the French on the approach of Gen. Forbes. xxi. 44. Dec. 31. Goree furrendered by the French to the British under Com. Keppel. ib. 91. 1759. Jan. 16. The British forces make an unsuccessful defcent on Martinico. xxi. 93. July 4. Havre-de-Grace bombarded by the British admiral Rodney. ib. 324. 23. The Pruffians under Gen. Wedel defeated at Zullichau, by M. Soltikoff. ib. 374. 24. Ticonderoga abandoned by the French on the approach of Gen. Amherst. id. 439 25. Niagara furrendered to the British general Sir William Johnfon. ib. 440. Aug. 1. Crown-point abandoned likewife on the approach of Gen. Amberft. ib. ib. 1. A complete victory gained by Pr. Ferdinand over the French at Minden. ib. 427. 12. The King of Pruffia defeated by the Ruffian general Soltik off at Cunnerfdorff. ib. 434.691. 18. The French admiral De la Clue defeated off Lagos by the British admiral Boscawen. ib. 438. Sept. 13. The French under M. Montcalm defeated near Quebec by Gen. Wolfe. ib. $47. 18. Quebec furrendered to Adm. Saunders and Gen. Tounfhend. ib. 548. Nev.20. Munfter furrendered by the French to the Allies. ib. 650. 20. The French fleet under M. Conflans defeated by Adm, Hawke. ib. 589. 20. A body of Prussians under Gen. Finck defeated, and made prifoners, at Maxen. ib. 647 SCOTS THE MAGAZINE. JANUARY, 1759. CONTENTS. HISTORY. A fummary or recapitulation of the - The IDLER. Of imprisonment for debt 18. POETRY, &c. Written whilst a lady's picture was drawing 19. Monumental infcription for M. Keith 32. A paftoral elegy on Mifs Urquhart ib. To Mr Mylne, on his obtaining the highest prize for drawing in architecture 33. A morning-foliloquy on deafnefs 34On two espoused lovers dying before marriage ih. 1758, a ballad ib. To the memory of Mr Hervey 35. ING and SCULPTURE 46. the French ib. Meáfures taken for ftrength-An account of Mr Foulis's academy for PAINT LISTS, &c. Captures 48-51. An engagement A fummary or recapitulation of the PUBLIC AFFAIRS of the year 1758. N recapitulating the affairs of the year 1758, we fhall begin with thofe in Germany, which have not only been important in themElves, but have had no finall influence pon almoft all the courts of Europe. It will be remembered, that a feries of incroachments made by the French pon the British fettlements in North America, in confequence of a fcheme ag before concerted of one day making themselves mafters of that vaft continent, give rife to the prefent war between G Britain and France; and that a difcovery made by the King of Pruffia, of VOL. XXI. a plot laid by the courts of Vienna, Petersburg, and Drefden, to ftrip him of a great part of his dominions, and prefcribe to him what conditions they pleafed, kindled the bloody war now raging in Germany. In confequence of this deep-laid plot, the reality of which cannot be doubted [xviii. 594.], the Emprefs-Queen threw off G. Britain, her ancient ally; clapt up a treaty with France, her old and hereditary enemy; effectuated a reconciliation between the latter and the Emprefs of Ruffia; and, by means of her new friends the French, induced the Swedes to join in the con A federacy. federacy. Supported by fuch powerful on the 21ft of that month, and the King alliances, fhe began, in fummer 1756, to in perfon defeated the whole Austrian affemble two strong armies in Bohemia army near Prague on the 6th of May, and Moravia, not doubting but the obliging the remains of it to fly, one could in a very short time effectually re- body towards Moravia, and the other duce the Pruffian monarch. This vigi- to take fhelter in Prague. That city lant prince, apprifed of what was tranf was immediately invefted, fuffered a furiacting, and observing the vast armaments ous bombardment, and had certainly falcarrying on in his neighbourhood, jud- len, with its garrifon, confifting of at least ged it prudent to anticipate the defigns 40,000 men, into the hands of the Prufof his enemies. With this view, his fian monarch, had he not, in his turn, Majefty, about the end of August 1756, been beat by the remains of the Austriput his troops in motion, immediately an army, then confiderably augmented, took poffeffion of Saxony, foou after beat under the command of M. Daun, at the Auftrian army in Bohemia, and obli- Chofternitz, on the 18th of June. This ged the Saxon troops to furrender them unlucky difafter obliged his Majefty to felves prifoners of war; most of the pri- raife the fiege two days after the battle, vate men entering into his fervice, and and extend his troops along the Elbe, to the officers being fet at liberty, upon guard the fontiers of Saxony. The Autheir parole not to ferve against him. strians, elated with this fuccefs, immediately turned their views towards Selefia, the great and primary object of their fovereign's wishes. His Majesty followed them clofe at the heels, and having come up with them, in the end of Auguft, then pofted near Zittau in Lufatia, and computed at 100,000 men, he, with an army not exceeding 60,000, offered them battle three days fucceffively, which they as often declined. Thus matters ftood at the beginning of the year 1757, before the end of which the numerous and powerful confederates against his Pruffian Majefty reckoned they could certainly compel him, and any allies he had, to fubfcribe whatever terms of peace they fhould be pleafed to grant. For this purpose they brought into the field about 440,000 men, in different armies. The Auftrians, with auxiliaries from Saxony, Bavaria, and Wurtemburg, were computed at 186,000; the Ruffians, at between 90 and 100,000; the Swedes, at 21,000; the French, at 122,000, confifting of two feparate bodies, of 90,000 and 32,000; and the troops furnished by the princes and circles of the empire, to compofe an army for executing the Imperial decrees and edicts, and hence called the execution army of the empire, at 20,000. To op pofe fuch prodigious armies, the King of Pruffia could not, exclufive of garrifons, mufter more than 146,000 men; and the troops of the King of G. Britain, Elector of Hanover, the only ally his Pruffian Majefty had, did not exceed 50,000 men; who were under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. His Pruffian Majefty refolving to be beforehand with his enemies, penetrated into Bohemia about the middle of April. The Prince of Bevern with one corps beat a body of Auftrians at Reichenberg By this time the French army of 32,000 men under the Prince de Soubife, with the execution-army of the empire, commanded by the Duke of Saxe-Hildburghaufen, was approaching towards the western frontier of Saxony; the King, therefore, drew off about 22,000 men, in order to meet them; leaving the Prince of Bevern, with the remainder of the army, computed at between 30 and 40,000 men, to make head a gainft the whole Auftrian army, then augmented, as themselves gave out, to 130,000. The Prince finding himfelf unable to maintain his ground in Lu. fatia, was obliged to retreat towards Breflau in Silefia, and arrived there in the beginning of October, not without confiderable lofs. The enemies of the Pruffian monarch now began to be very confident, and his friends to fear, that his affairs were be come defperate. For befides the fuccefs of the Auftrians, the grand army of the French, French, under M. d'Etrées, after having feized all the Pruffian dominions on the Lower Rhine and in Weftphalia, had penetrated into the electorate of Hanover, beat the army under the Duke of Cumberland, and ravaged the country; while his R. Highness had retreated towards Stade, and figned a humbling convention, at Clofter-Seven, Sept. 8. with M. Richelieu, then commander of the French army; who being thus difengaged from the Hanoverians, foon after advanced into the duchy of Halberftadt, adjoining to Magdeburg; the Swedes had made confiderable progrefs in Brandenburg Poneriania, plundered the country, and threatened to befiege Stettin, the capital; and the Ruffians had taken Memel, the first town of Brandenburg-Pruffia on their fide, and though they were attacked on the 30th of Auguft by the Pruffian general, M. Lehwald, and had fuffered very great lofs in that action, they continued to advance nearer to Konigsberg, the capital. Thus the only ally the Pruffian monarch had, was reduced to a state of inactivity; while his numerous foes, drawing nearer on every fide, had him fo hemmed in, that they thought it im poffible their prey could escape them. But what a furprising change of for tune foon happened! Upon motives not yet publicly known, the Ruffians, on the 13th of September, began a precipitate retreat to their own country; which enabled M. Lehwald to march his troops against the Swedes. This active general foon drove them out of the Pruffian divifion of Pomerania, feized moft of the towns in the Swedish quarter, and obliged their troops to take fhelter in the island of Rugen, and in Stralfund the capital, which he blocked up. M. Lehwald had alfo fent detachments to raife contributions and levy recruits in the duchy of Mecklemburg, whole fovereign had taken part with the enemies of his Pruffian Majefty, while most of his fubjects wished well to that monarch, as the principal fupporter of the Proteftant interest. His Pruffian Majefty, after feveral marches and countermarches, came to an engagement with the combined army of French and Imperialists, at Rosbach in Thuringia, Nov. 5. gave them a total defeat, killed or made prifoners above 10,000 men, and took almoft their whole artillery and baggage; in confequence of which the remains of the execution-army fled towards Bamberg in Franconia; and the French retired to the neighbourhood of their countrymen under M. Richelieu in the duchy of Halberstadt. The Auftrians having followed the Prince of Bevern into Silefia, began the fiege of Schweidnitz on the 26th of October. Upon advice of this his Prussian Majefty hafted to its relief. He fet out from Leipfic Nov. 12. with about 15,000 men, and marched with the most furprifing celerity. On the march he fucceffively received intelligence, that Schweidnitz had furrendered the very day he left Leipfic, the garrison being made prifoners of war; that, on the 22d, the Prince of Bevern had been attacked in his camp, and, after an obftinate refiftance, forced to abandon it; that next day Breflau furrendered by capitulation; and that early on the 24th the Prince had been made prifoner, as he was reconnoitring, attended only by a groom. All thefe difagreeable pieces of intelligence fucceffively arriving, instead of difcouraging the magnanimous King, tended only to roufe his activity, to take revenge. On the 2d of December he was joined by the remains of the Prince of Bevern's army, and at the fame time by almost the whole garrifon of Schweidnitz, who had beat their guard, and made their efcape. The Pruffian army was now faid to be 36,000 ftrong; and that of the Auftrians computed at 70,000 men. Notwithstanding this difparity of numbers, his Majefty having come up with the Auftrians near Liffa," on the 5th of December, he attacked them, and gained a moft complete victory, the enemy flying in two bodies, the one towards Breflau, and the other towards Schweidnitz. On the 7th the victorious King invefted Breflau; which furrendered to him on the zoth; the garrifon, confifting confifting of 14 general officers, and a bout 17,000 other officers and foldiers, being made prifoners. The Auftrian army, now reduced to about 30,000, after reinforcing the garrison of Schweidnitz, retired into Bohemia. By this important victory Silefia was cleared of the Auftrians,except thofe in Schweidnitz; af ter which the Pruffians feized feveral places in Upper Silefia, and made irruptions into Moravia and Hungary; M. Keith, with a body of troops from Saxony, made a new expedition into Bohemia, and raifed contributions to within a little diftance of Prague; and Schweidnitz was invested. Thus did his Pruffian Majefty end the campaign of 1757 with the greatest glory. At the fame time affairs had put on a new face on the fide of Hanover. Several difficulties had occurred with regard to the execution of the convention of Clofter-Seven; and the outrageous behaviour of the French in that electorate gave great umbrage to its fovereign. Soon atter the middle of November, the Hanoverians, with their allies, began to be in motion; and the motives of their conduct were not long after published [xix. 651.]. Pr. Ferdinand of Bruniwic, brother to the reigning Duke, one of the Pruffian generals, arrived at Stade, Nov. 23. to take the command of them. A party was detached to besiege Harburg, which did not furrender till Dec. 29. Mean while Pr. Ferdinand marched forward with the rest of the army; and the French under M. Richelieu, who had returned from Halberstadt, every where retreated, till a confiderable body of them got together in Zell and its neighbourhood. Pr. Ferdinand intended to furprife that place; but the defign unluckily mifcarried, by the pontoons not arriving in time for paffing the Aller. Towards the end of December a fevere froft and fnow came on, which obliged the troops on both fides to go into quarters of cantonment, Pr. Ferdinand fixing his head quarters at Lunenburg, and M. Richelieu his at Hanover. We now proceed to the year 1758; and as we have been just treating of the * affairs in Hanover, we fhall begin with the operations in that quarter and its neighbourhood. Early in January about 10,000 of M. Richelieu's troops made a forced march, in hopes of furprising a small bo dy of Pruffians, then posted at Halbers ftadt and in its neighbourhood, which on different occafions had given them confiderable uneafinefs. The Pruffians took care of their own safety by a timely retreat; but the French extorted exorbitant contributions from the city of Halberstadt, and demolished a part of its walls. Soon after, the Pruffians, in fome meafure, took their revenge, by making about 300 of their enemies prifoners. Pr. Henry of Prussia arrived at Hall on the 7th of February, to take the command of a body of his brother's forces affembling at Halberftadt, and fecond the operations of the Hanoverians and their allies, if needful. In the mean time M. Richelieu was recalled from Germany, charged, as was faid, with rapacioufly pocketing immenfe fums, without allowing the private men near a fufficiency for meat, drink, and cloaths. A fpeech faid to have been delivered by M. Belleifle in the council at Verfailles, reprefented the great want of difcipline that had prevailed in the French army, and acknowledged that fuch pillaging and robbing had been carried on by both offi cers and common men, after the example fet them by their generals, as made them every where throughout Germany be held in execration. On the 16th of February the Count of Cler mont arrived at Hanover to replace M. Richelieu. Not long after, the allies under Pr. Ferdinand of Brunfwic again took the field; and the French every where retreated before them so precipi. tately, that by the beginning of March few of them remained on the right of the Wefer. The 5th of that month the allies invefted Minden on the left of the Wefer, and it was furrendered the 14th. In the place were found 3704 officers and foldiers, 27 colours and ftandards, 2 mortars, 47 pieces of cannon, and a confiderable magazine of provifions |