Br 1835.520 HARVARD MAR 21 1952 LONDON PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. ADVERTISEMENT. THE history of the English Revolution, its origin and consequences, extends over a period of sixty-three years,—from the accession of Charles I., in 1625, to the fall of James II., in 1688; and is naturally divided, by the great events which it Includes, into four periods. The first of these comprehends the reign of Charles I., his conflict with the Long Parliament, his defeat and death; the second contains the history of the Commonwealth, under the Long Parliament and Cromwell; the third is marked by the Restoration of the Monarchy, after the brief Protectorate of Richard Cromwell; and the fourth comprises the reigns of Charles II. and James II., and the final fall of the royal race of Stuart. Each of these four periods will form the subject of a special work by M. Guizot. The first of these has already appeared; he second is now published; and the other two are in progress. Together, the four works will constitute a complete picture of the nost important epoch in our history. With regard to the present Volume, I need say nothing, except so far as my own share in it is concerned. I have endeavoured to make as literal a translation as was compatible vith our English idiom; and, in all cases, I have carefully verified the references, and given the ipsissima verba of the uthorities quoted by M. Guizot. ANDREW R. SCOBLE. LINCOLN'S INN, FEBRUARY, 1854. CONTENTS. BOOK I. Organisation of the Republican Government-Formation of the Council of State-Resistance of the Country-Trial and Condemnation of Five Royalist Leaders: Lords Hamilton, Holland, Capell, and Norwich, and Sir John Owen-Execution of Hamilton, Holland, and Capell-Publication of the Eikon Basilikè "-Royalist and Republican Polemics: Milton and Salmasius-Outbreak and Insurrection of the Levellers-John Lilburne-Defeat of the LevellersTrial and Acquittal of Lilburne-Tyranny of the ParliamentIncreasing Greatness of Cromwell BOOK II. State of Parties in Scotland and Ireland-Charles II. is Proclaimed King-Scottish Commissioners at the Hague-War in Ireland— Cromwell assumes the Command-His Cruelty and SuccessesMontrose's Expedition in Scotland-His Defeat, Arrest, Condemnation, and Execution-Charles II. Lands in Scotland-Cromwell returns from Ireland, and takes the Command of the War in Scotland -His dangerous Position-Battle of Dunbar-Charles II. enters England-Cromwell follows him-Battle of Worcester-Flight and Adventures of Charles II.-He returns to France-Cromwell returns to London-Triumphant success of the Commonwealth BOOK III. Impression produced on the Continent by the Trial and Execution of Charles I.-Assassination of Dorislaus at the Hague, and of Ascham at Madrid-Attitude of the Continental States towards the Commonwealth of England-Development and Successes of the English Navy -Foreign Policy of the Republican Parliament-Rivalry between PAGE 44 France and Spain in their Relations with England-Recognition of the Commonwealth by Spain-Relations between England and the United Provinces-English Ambassadors at the Hague-Dutch Ambassadors in London-Their want of Success -Negotiations of Mazarin in London-Louis XIV. recognises the English Commonwealth-War between England and the United Provinces-Successes of Blake-Effects of the War in England. BOOK IV. Conflict between Cromwell and the Parliament-Attempts to obtain a Reduction of the Army-Proposition of a General Amnesty and a New Electoral Law-Projects of Civil and Religious Reform-Conversation between Cromwell and the Principal Leaders of the Parliament and Army-Petition of the Army in favour of Reform, and for the Dissolution of the Parliament-Charges of Corruption against the Parliament-It attempts to perpetuate its Existence by sanctioning New Elections-Urgency of the Crisis-Cromwell dis solves the Parliament PAGE 118 180 BOOK V. Public indifference to the Expulsion of the Long Parliament-Cromwell's Manifesto to justify his Conduct-He assumes Possession of the Government-Convocation of the Barebone Parliament-Cromwell's Opening Speech-Character and acts of the Barebone Parliament-Prevalence of the mystical Revolutionary Spirit among its Members-Its Inefficiency and Resignation-Cromwell is proclaimed Protector-Plots of the Republicans and Cavaliers-Lilburne, Gerard, and Vowell-Government of Cromwell; his Court; his ReformsScotland and Ireland are incorporated with England-Foreign Policy of Cromwell-Peace with Holland-Whitelocke's Embassy to Sweden -Cromwell's Treaties with Sweden, Denmark, and Portugal-Cromwell's Relations with Spain and France-Election of a New Parliament-Cromwell's Opening Speech-Hostility of the ParliamentCromwell's Second Speech, and Secession of a number of MembersRenewal of Hostilities by the Parliament-Cromwell's Third Speech -Dissolution of the Parliament BOOK VI. Government of Cromwell without a Parliament-Royalist and Republican 214 |