THE HISTORY OF THE REBELLION AND CIVIL WARS IN ENGLAND, BY EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. ALSO, HIS LIFE, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF. A New Edition, ILLUSTRATED WITH FIFTY-SIX PORTRAITS. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. OXFORD: Printed at the University Press. SOLD BY WILLIAM SMITH, 113, FLEET STREET, LONDON. MDCCCXLIII. 1648.] The affairs of Ireland during the lord Lisle's being in that country. 641 THE HISTORY OF THE REBELLION, &c. BOOK XI. DEUT. XXIX. 24. Even all nations shall say, Wherefore hath the Lord done thus unto this land? what meaneth the heat of this great anger? LAM. ii. 7. The Lord hath cast off his altar, he hath abhorred his sanctuary, he hath given up into the hand of the enemy the walls of her palaces; they have made a noise in the house of the Lord, as in the day of a solemn feast. Ithe three santions, tent and of foreland. detestation both of parliament and army, and a most passionate desire that all their follies and madness might be forgotten in restoring the king to all they had taken from him, and in settling that blessed government they had deprived themselves of, could have contributed to his majesty's recovery, never people were better disposed to erect and repair again the building they had so maliciously thrown and pulled down. In England there was a general discontent amongst all sorts of men; many officers and soldiers who had served the parliament from the beginning of the war, and given too great testimonies of their courage and fidelity [to their party], and had been disbanded upon the new model, looked upon the present army with contempt, as those who reaped the harvest and reward of their labours, and spake of them and against them in all places accordingly: the nobility and gentry who had advanced the credit and reputation of the parliament by concurring with it against the king, found themselves totally neglected, and the most inferior people preferred to all places of trust and profit: the presbyterian ministers talked very loud; their party appeared to be very numerous, and the expectation of an attempt from Scotland, and the importunity and clamour from Ireland, for supplies of men and money against the Irish, who grew powerful, raised the courage of all discontented persons to meet and confer together, and all to inveigh against the army, and the officers who had corrupted it. The parliament bore no reproach so concernedly, as that of " the "want of supplies to Ireland, and that, having so great an army without an enemy, they "would not spare any part of it to preserve "that kingdom." This argument made a new warmth in the house of commons, they who had been silent, and given over insisting upon the insolence and presumption of the army, which had prevailed, and crushed them, took now new spirit, and pressed the relief of Ireland with great earnestness, and in order thereunto made great inquisition into the expenses of the money, and how such vast sums received had been disbursed; which was a large field, and led them to many men's doors upon whom they were willing to be revenged. 66 There was a design this way to get the presbyterians again into power, and that they might Cromwell had, for the quieting the clamours from thence, got the lord Lisle, eldest son to the earl of Leicester, sent under the title of lord lieutenant of that kingdom thither, with a commission for five or six months. He had landed in Munster, either out of the jealousy they had of the lord Inchiquin, or because the best part of their army of English were under his command in that province. But that expedition gave the English no relief, nor weakened the power or strength of the Irish, but rather increased their reputation by the faction and bitterness that was between the lieutenant and the president, who writ letters of complaint one against the other to the parliament, where they had both their parties which adhered to them. So that, the time of his commission being expired, and the contrary party not suffering it to be renewed, the lord Lisle returned again into England, leaving the lord Inchiquin, whom he meant to have destroyed, in the entire possession of the command, and in greater reputation than he was before. And, in truth, he had preserved both with wonderful dexterity, expecting every day the arrival of the marquis of Ormond, and every day informing the parliament of the ill condition he was in, and pressing for a supply of men and money, when he knew they would send neither. Upon the return of the lord Lisle the presbyterians renewed their design, and caused sir William Waller to be named for deputy or lieutenant of Ireland, the rather (over and above his merit, and the experience they had had of his service) because he could quickly draw together those officers and soldiers which had served under him, and were now disbanded, and would willingly again engage under their old general. At the first, Cromwell did not oppose this motion, but consented to it, being very willing to be rid both of Waller, and all the officers who were willing to go with him, who he knew were not his friends, and watched an opportunity to be even with him. But when he saw Waller insist upon great supplies to carry with him, as he had reason to do, and when he considered of what consequence it might be to him and all his designs, if a well formed and disciplined army should be under the power of Waller, and such officers, he changed his mind; and first set his instruments to cross such a sup 66 | ply of men and money, as he had proposed; from prison, and to restore the parliament to its "the one, as more than necessary for the ser- freedom. The earl of Peterborough, and John "vice; and the other, as more than they could Mordaunt his brother, the family of the earl of spare from their other occasions:" and when Northampton, and all the officers who had this check was put to Waller's engagement, he served the king in the war, with which the caused Lambert to be proposed for that expe- city of London and all parts of the kingdom dition, a man who was then fast to the same abounded, applied themselves to the earl of interest he embraced, and who had gotten a great Holland, and received commissions from him for name in the army. He formalized so long upon several commands. this, that Ireland remained still unsupplied, and their affairs there seemed to be in a very ill condition. The Scots made so much noise of their purposes, even before their commissioners left London, and gave such constant advertisements of the impatience of their countrymen to be in arms for the king, though they made no haste in providing for such an expedition, that both the presbyterians, who were their chief correspondents, and the royal party, bethought themselves how they might be ready; the one, that they might redeem themselves from their former guilt, and the other, that they might not only have a good part in freeing the king from his imprisonment, but be able to preserve him in liberty from any presbyterian impositions, which they still apprehended the Scots might endeavour to impose, though they had no suspicion of the engagement [lately mentioned] at the Isle of Wight. This engagement was so well known, and so generally spoken of, that they concluded that the parliament durst not take notice of it, or wished well to it. And there is no question, never undertaking of such a nature was carried on with so little reservation; there was scarce a county in England, in which there was not some association entered into to appear in arms for the king. They who had the principal command in Wales under the parliament, sent to Paris to declare," that, if they might have supply of arms "and ammunition, and a reasonable sum of money "for the payment of their garrisons, they would "declare for the king, having the chief places of "those parts in their custody.” The lord Jermyn encouraged all those overtures with most positive undertaking, that they should be supplied with all they expected, within so many days after they should declare; which they depended upon, and he, according to his custom, never thought of after; by which the service miscarried, and many gallant men were lost. to visited before their counsels and resolutions were formed; and Cromwell had reason believe, that Fairfax would be firm to the same mind, even after they should have invaded the kingdom. The earl of Holland, who had done twice very notoriously amiss, and had been, since his return from Oxford, notably despised by all persons of Cromwell, to whom all these machinations were credit in the parliament and the army, had a known, chose rather to run the hazard of all that mind to redeem his former faults by a new and such a loose combination could produce, than, thorough engagement. He had much credit by by seizing upon persons, to engage the parliadescent and by alliance with the presbyterian ment in examinations, and in parties; the inconparty, and was privy to the undertakings of venience whereof he apprehended more; finding Scotland, and had constant intelligence of the already that the presbyterian party had so great advance that was made there. His brother, the an influence upon the general, that he declared earl of Warwick, had undergone some mortifi- to him," he would not march against the cation with the rest, and had not that authority" Scots," whom he had a good mind to have in the naval affairs as he had used to have, though he was the high admiral of England by ordinance of parliament, and had done them extraordinary services. He did not restrain or endeavour to suppress the earl of Holland's discontents, but inflamed them, and promised to join with him, as many others of that gang of men did; resolving that the Scots should not do all that work, but that they would have a share in the merit. The duke of Buckingham, and his brother, the lord Francis Villiers, were newly returned from travel, and though both under years, were strong and active young men, and being, in respect of their infancy, unengaged in the late war, and so unhurt by it, and coming now to the possession of large estates, which they thought they were obliged to venture for the crown upon the first opportunity, they fell easily into the friendship of the earl of Holland, and were ready to embark themselves in his adventure. The earl had made tender of his resolutions to his old mistress the queen at Paris, who was always disposed to trust him, and the lord Jermyn and he renewed their former friendship, the warmth whereof had never been extinguished. And a commission was sent from the prince to the earl to be general of an army, that was to be raised for the redemption of the king All things being in this forwardness in England, it is fit to inquire how the Scots complied with their obligations, and what expedition they used in raising their army. After the commissioners' return from London, upon the king's being made prisoner in the Isle of Wight, it was long before the marquis of Argyle could be prevailed with to consent that a parliament should be called. He had made a fast friendship with Cromwell and Vane; and knew that in this new stipulation with the king, the Hamiltonian faction was the great undertaker, and meant to have all the honour of whatsoever should follow. And yet the duke lived very privately at his own house, had never seen the king, nor went abroad to any meeting after his return to Scotland; and to those who came to him, and to whom that resolution would be grateful, he used to speak darkly, and as a man that thought more of revenge upon those who had imprisoned him, than of assisting the crown to recover the authority it had lost. Argyle, whose power was over that violent party of the clergy which would not depart from the most |