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South Sea 13 per Cent. | 3 per Cent. | 3 per Cent. 3 per Cent. New Ann.

PRICES of STOCKS from April 26, to May 25, 1759, inclufive.

South Sea

India Bonds, B. Cir. pr.

confol. Bank 1751. India Ann.

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Within the walls
Without the walls
In Mid, and Surry

City & Sub. Weft.

1297

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The UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE for JUNE, 1759. 281

A new and accurate MAP of Germany, illuftrated with a general History and Defcription of that Country.

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way, and Sweden were included; and fouthward it was bounded by the Danube fo that Auftria, Bavaria, &c. now reckoned part of it, were then excluded, as well as Alface, part of the Palatinate, and the spiritual electorates; the Rhine being reckoned the western bounds. The Germans afterwards poffeffed the latter, with the adjacent countries, and being conquered by the Romans, were by them named Germania Prima and Secunda,

It was thought proper to give this whole-fheet Map of Germany with its general Hiftory, to complete the feveral Maps and Defcriptions, already inferted in our Magazine, of the different Parts of that Country, as in Vol. XXIII. Pag. 253. of the Electorate of Hanover. Pag. 105, fame Vol. of the Circles of the Upper and Lower Rhine, Suabia, Franconia, Burgundy, Lorrain, and Countries adjacent. Vol. XXII. Pag. 169. of the Circles of Lower Saxony and Weftphalia. Pag. 273. fame Vol. of the Circles of Auftria and Bavaria, Part of Bohemia and the Marquifate of Moravia. Vol. XX Pag. 49. of Pruffia, Pomerania, Courland, and the adjacent Parts bordering on the Baltic Sea. Vol. XIX. Pag. 193. of Saxony, Part of Brandenburg, Silefia, Poland, and Bohemia. All there Maps, which are finely coloured, exhibit the different Seats of the present War between the Pruffians, Auftrians, &c. HIS country ought, with good reafon, to challenge a special attention the curious, as being the feat of a great le, and of many fovereignties of diffedenominations, and under various s of government; a country of large nt, and the scene of many and great ons; a country whofe affairs and tranf. ns are interwoven with thofe of every on in Europe, of which it may be teamoth the head and center; a country fe Princes are every day forming allis of marriage, which pave a way for to the principal thrones of Europe, ral of which, as thofe of Great Britain, and, Sweden, and Pruffia, we fee filled his day by four of its Princes; a counwhich, for the great work of the reforon begun there, the good fenfe, con able learning, and the many useful and enious inventions of the natives, highly rves of all her neighbours: To all this may be added, that it is our original intry; that from hence came our antors, whofe language, customs, laws, we a good meafure ftill retain, together with eir form of government, the chief glory ad happiness of the British Isles. Upon efe accounts no Englishman can call this ountry foreign, nor its natives foreigners him. Indeed, most nations in Europe have been either peopled from hence, or fubdued by its armies; as happened to this iland by the Saxons; to Gaul, by the Franks; to Italy, Spain, and Afric, by the Goths and Vandals: To thofe glorious people almost all Europe, and part of Afia and Africa, owed their freedom from thofe chains wherewith the Roman power had fo long bound them; and, wherever any of their colonies fettled, they effablished a juft and mild government on the ruins of tyranny.

Germany, as fet out by Ptolemy, and other ancient writers, extended northward as far as the ocean, whereby Denmark, Nor NUMB. CLXVIII, VOL, XXIV.

Germany, as it is at present bounded by France and the Low-countries on the welt, Poland and Hungary on the east, Denmark and the Baltic fea on the north, and Switzerland, with the dominions of the state of Venice and the Alps, on the fouth, is fitu ated between 45 deg. 12 min. and 55 deg. of latitude, and between 6 deg. and 19 deg. 45 min. of longitude. It is extended from north to fouth, that is, from Stralfund, in Pomerania, to the frontiers of Carniola and Iftria, 150 German leagues, which is 600 English miles; and in breadth, from the town of Spa in the west to the confines of Poland in the east, about 500 English miles.

The foil is exceeding fruitful, efpecially on the banks of the Rhine and the Danube, where alfo the air is very temperate; but in the northern part it is cold, and the ground lefs fruitful. In general, this country and Poland are fo like to Great Britain, both in climate and foil, that no countries in Europe agree better with English conftitutions. Befides great plenty of corn, cattle, fheep, wool, cloth, horfes, fish, &c. the earth alfo affords mines of divers forts of metals and minerals, as iron, bitumen, nitre, ocre, copper, tin, lead, and even filver in fome parts; alum, vitriol, quickfilver, salt, coal, &c. In general the furface is even, and, though in fome parts hilly, is no-where mountainous, except towards the fouth and fouth-weft, where the Alps, and a few mountains in Alface, ferve as boun

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daries

daries and bulwarks against Italy and France.

Their forefts and waftes yield plenty of wood for fewel and building, and abound with great variety of wild fowl, and all forts of good venison; they also feed vast numbers of hogs; and fome of them, as the forest of Ardenne, feed good mutton. The rivers and lakes abound with fish, in greater variety and perfection than any o ther country, perhaps, in the world,

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The orchards are full of our common fruit-trees; and in the fouthern provinces there is plenty of the more delicate fort, as peaches, apricots, figs, olives, &c. in good perfection. They have rich wines, of which the Rhenifh and Mofelle, in particular, are exported in valt quantities to foreign nations; and not only equal, but preferable to fome of the wines in Italy. The very mountains of the Alps, on the German fide, are in many places cultivated to the top, and the vallies abound with pastures and vines. In short, no country, perhaps, in the world abounds with fuch variety of every thing conducive to the comfort of life; and, though others may exceed it in the goodness of fome particular articles, yet even of these they have a fufficiency, and might ftill have them in greater perfection, were the inhabitants industrious; or, rather, did the landed men give encouragement to husbandry and industry.

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As to the trade of Germany, that of the cities on the Rhine, and the Mofelle, confifts chiefly of wood, corn, wine, and oil; but the traffic of many of them has failed fince the fettlement of the Dutch republic. The chief commodities we have from Germany are linen, diaper, and damask, of which many thousand ells are conftantly imported by the way of Hamburg. We have likewife large quantities of their mineral waters, and their Rhenifh wine, which last is reckoned the staple of Germany. In return, they have from us fome lead and brafs, much pewter; fome of our woollen manufactures, as flannel, ftuffs, &c. to the value of about 100,000l. a year, all by the way of Hamburg. They have alfo from us confiderable quantities of buttons, buckles, fciffars, and fuch trinkets, with which the towns of Nurenberg and Augsburg formerly fupplied not only Germany, but England, and most other countries. The fame may be faid of watches, which the Germans, fo famous for clockwork, were at firft wholly in poffeffion of; but now they prefer English watches to their

own.

Both the inland and foreign commerce of the country might be very much improved, were the inhabitants duly en

couraged, or more attentive to their parti cular intereft. By the Rhine, the Elbe, and the Wefer, it has a communication with the ocean; by the Oder, and the city of Lubec, it may at least share, if not engross, the Baltic trade; by the Moselle and the Meufe, it is capable of trafficking to France; by the Danube, which falls into the Euxine fea, it might fend goods into the heart of Turky, and fupply both the European and Afiatic provinces of that empire; and, by means of the Adriatic gulph, it might have part of the trade to the Mediterranean and the Levant.

The terra figillata is found in Germany, but feldom any-where elfe. Some call it terra Lemnia, because alfo brought from the ifle of Lemnos. It is a fort of hard earth, with white, yellow, and red veins, and faid to be an antidote against all forts of poifons. Diamonds, agates, crystals, jafpers of feveral colours, fine alabafter, feveral forts of pearls, Turquoise stones, rubies, &c. are dug eut of the mines, and frequently found in the rivers. A remarkable natural curiofity, peculiar to Germany, is the fchiefferftein, a blackish, glittering kind of ftone or falt, which, melted and brayed, yields much copper, and fome fil

ver.

In one part of Saxony, these stones are dug up every-where in the fields. They exhibit a lively reprefentation, by fair copper ftrokes, of fines of divers forts, frogs, and other animals, that abound in a neighbouring lake.

No country in Europe, if in the whole world, has fo many great and noble rivers, as Germany. The chief are, . the Danube, which rifes in Suabia on the borders of Alface, and in the Black Foreft, whence, tending eastwards, it receives in its course feveral rivers, and, paffing through Au. ftria, runs by the walls of Vienna: Afterwards, purfuing its courfe ftill eastward into Hungary, and then tending fouthward, it paffes by Buda and Belgrade, being exceedingly increafed by the Drave, which it receives at Effeck, and the Save at Belgrade; after which it lofes its name, and is called Ifter; and, running eastward, falls at laft, with five wide mouths, into the Black or Euxine fea. It is very broad, runs with a very rapid current, and hath three great cataracts, but the watermen have a method of paffing them without much danger: The whole courfe of the Danube, from its fountain to the Black fea, is about 27 degrees; which, reckoning 60 miles to a degree, is 1620 miles, without including its turnings and windings, which muft make it at least one third more; fo that it may well be affirmed to be longer

than

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