Radford's Cyclopedia of Construction: Carpentry, Building and Architecture, Based on the Practical Experience of a Large Staff of Experts in Actual Construction Work, Volume 7William A. Radford, Alfred Sidney Johnson Radford architectural Company, 1909 - Architecture |
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abutments arch bridges arch-ring bars base of rail beam bridge beams bending blocks bond broken stone building built carry cent cofferdam columns compression concrete arch concrete bridge concrete construction concrete slab contractor cost crete cross-section cubic culverts depth diameter elastic limit elevation embedded engineer erected expansion joints falsework finished fireproof floor forced concrete forms foundation girder gravel height highway bridges horizontal I-beams joints joists layer length live load longitudinal masonry material ment mixed mixer mixture mortar moulds necessary piers pipe placed Plate Portland cement pounds per square proportions Railroad Railway rein reinforced concrete retaining walls rods sand sewers shear shearing stresses sheet shown shows side Slab Bridge space spandrel spans square foot square inch steel bridges strength stresses structure surface tensile tensile stresses tion track trestles vertical viaduct width wire wood wooden
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Page 39 - Pats of neat cement about three inches in diameter, onehalf inch thick at the center, and tapering to a thin edge, shall be kept in moist air for a period of twenty-four hours. (a) A pat is then kept in air at normal temperature and observed at intervals for at least twenty-eight days.
Page 46 - Mortars composed of one part Portland cement and three parts fine aggregate by weight when made into briquettes shall show a tensile strength of at least 70 per cent of the strength of 1:3 mortar of the same consistency made with the same cement and standard Ottawa sand.
Page 39 - A third pat is exposed in any convenient way in an atmosphere of steam, above boiling water, in a loosely closed vessel for five hours.
Page 39 - One Part Cement, Three Parts Standard Ottawa Sand. 7 days (1 day in moist air, 6 days in water)... 200 Ibs. Constancy of Volume Pats of neat cement about three inches in diameter, one-half inch thick at the center, and tapering to a thin edge, shall be kept in moist air for a period of twenty-four hours.
Page 64 - Where large areas of concrete are exposed to atmospheric conditions, the changes of form, due to shrinkage (resulting from hardening) and to action of temperature, are such that large cracks will occur in the mass, unless precautions are taken to so distribute the stresses as either to prevent the cracks altogether or to render them very small. The size of the cracks will be directly proportional to the diameter of the reinforcing bars and inversely proportional to the percentage of reinforcement...
Page 48 - The maximum size of the coarse aggregate shall be such that it will not separate from the mortar in laying and will not prevent the concrete from fully surrounding the reinforcement or filling all parts of the forms.
Page 61 - In the calculation of web reinforcement when the concrete alone is insufficient to take the diagonal tension, the concrete may be counted upon as carrying one-third of the shear. The remainder is to be provided for by means of metal reinforcement consisting of bent bars or stirrups, but preferably both. The requisite amount of such reinforcement may be estimated on the assumption that the entire shear on a section, less the amount assumed to be carried by the concrete, is carried by the reinforcement...
Page 37 - The cement shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection and identification of each shipment.
Page 128 - The concrete shall be mixed in a water-tight box or platform placed close to the work, by first spreading evenly a layer of sand ; upon this shall be evenly spread the proportionate quantity of cement, and the two thoroughly mixed in a dry state.
Page 63 - The following recommendations are made for the relative working stresses in the concrete for the several types of columns: (a) Columns with longitudinal reinforcement to the extent of not less than 1 per cent and not more than 4 per cent, and with lateral ties of not less than J in.