GILBERT WHITE (5th S. vii. 49.)—The Pall Mall Budget of Jan. 28, 1876, contained a review of White's Selborne, edited by Frank Buckland. The review says: "White took orders, and officiated as curate of Selborne, and the adjacent parish of Faringdon; and an entry in the parish register, of which Mr. Buckland has given us a fac-simile, records the burial of one Mary Burbey, aged sixteen, who died on the 10th of June, 1793, and was buried by me, Gilbert White, curate."" Buckland's edition probably gives the date at POLITICAL AND LITERARY PREVISION (5th S. vii. 24.)-In a number of the Dublin University Magazine for June, 1833, when William Carleton, Sam Lover, Petrie, and other really clever men were occasional contributors to its pages, I find a criticism of Bulwer's Pelham, saying that "although the book had a great run at first amongst ladies' boarding schools at the West End," its perusal was limited latterly to trunkmakers' daughters," and a suggestion that the publishers of the "Edinburgh Review, a journal whose high and palmy days," according to the critic, "are quite FAWKES THE CONJUROR (5th S. vii. 68.)-Much gone by, although it still drags on a lingering and regarding him will be found in Morley's Memoirs painful existence" (!), should by accepting a single of Bartholomew Fair. One of his bills is reprinted article from the pen of Bulwer "kill it at once," at p. 299. In my Bartholomew Fair collection are and put themselves out of pain. Another critic several cuttings of his advertisements. One, in in the same volume admires the way in which the the Daily Post of Feb. 1, 1727, is headed by a Quarterly Review "demolishes the poems and woodcut portrait of Fawkes, which closely re-affectation of Mr. Alfred Tennyson." These are sembles that in Steckel's copy of the Fan picture. The following advertisement is dated Aug. 25, which White took orders. 1727: M. N. G. "At Fawkes's Great Booth, adjoining to Lee's, during the time of Bartholomew Fair, is to be seen that most curious machine called the Temple of Arts, with two moving pictures, the first being a Consort of Musick perform'd by several figures playing on various instruments with the greatest harmony and truth of time, the other giving a curious prospect of the City and Bay of Gibraltar, with ships of war and transports, in their proper motions, as tho' in real action; likewise the Spanish troops marching thro' old Gibraltar. Also the playing of a Duck in a river, and the Dog diving after it, as natural as tho' alive. In this curious piece are above 100 figures, all of which show the motions they represent as perfect as the life; the like of it never was seen in the world. This wonderful machine was invented, and is but just finish'd, by Mr. Pinchbeck, Musical Clock-maker, in Fleet Street. The Landskip and Figures by Mr. Joshua Ross, and the Sea and Shipping by Mr. Peter Monamy. Together with his surprizing Tricks by Dexterity of Hand, in which he far surpasses all that ever show'd in Europe, and has had the Honour to show before his present Majesty and all the Royal Family. And his incomparable Posture-Master, who turns himself into so many different Shapes as is amazing to behold. Price according to the Difference of the Seats, viz., 28., 18., 6d." fine and perfectly fair specimens of the valuable criticism which from age to age fills newspapers and magazines, and which is pompously set forth as a high art, in itself sufficient to guide and elevate the taste of the luckless "general reader." Lieutenant Haydon, in his memoirs of his father, quotes the saying of Bulwer, that all literary criticism is the result of " private friendship or private pique," and he gives an anecdote of Theodore Hook which goes to confirm the truth of this. Southey tells us that when he was only two-andtwenty, he was asked to review a book which he admits he was utterly unable to criticize honestly, as he was ignorant of the subject matter of it; and he goes so far as to say that he thinks literature would be benefited if reviewing was abolished. He would assuredly not retract this opinion were he living in 1877. It is true that no effusion of personal, or party, or sectarian spite can kill a book that deserves to live. The traders in criticism probably know this very well, and dispose of their wares with the "prevision" of Peter Pindar's razor-seller; but the question is not whether they can harm a book or not, but whether the encouragement of their trade is not reprehensible When not at the fairs, Fawkes performed at his as it degrades literature, and whether, therefore, theatre adjoining to the Tennis Court, in James at any cost, it would not be well to get rid of it. Street, near the Haymarket, where he displayed From Macaulay's letter to the editor of the Edin"an extraordinary piece of new machinery repre-burgh Review, it is evident that it was not Mr. senting his Sacred Majesty King George, with the most Illustrious House of Lords as sitting in Parliament"; also, "the comical Humours of Punch and his wife Joan." We have thus a new light thrown upon the family history of Mr. Punch, viz., that Mrs. Judy is not his first. CALCUTTENSIS. Montgomery's bad poetry which aroused the really great critic's wrath so much as the shameless, venal puffery of it in magazines and newspapers. Charles Dickens was equally severe on a popular novelist from precisely the same reason. M. A. H. "ON TICK" (5th S. vii. 46, 114.)-In the first volume of Warburton's Prince Rupert and the Cavaliers, at p. 241, under the date of 1642, there is a foot-note, of which the following is a part: "Many other expressions familiar to these days were so to those, 'Going tick,' 'Seeing 's believing' (Lilly)," and others. Warburton does not give the quotation from Lilly further than above. This would seem to point to an earlier use of the word than 1661, though I am unaware of the date of the work Warburton cites from. F. F. P. OLIVER CROMWELL, JUN. (5th S. vii. 108.)-See "N. & Q.," 4th S. xi. 301, 366, 430, 494; xii. 70, 138. Noble states that this Oliver was killed in an engagement with the Scotch army (at Appleby), in July, 1648, and though we know he is not always trustworthy, he seems here to be correct ; see especially the second of the above references. The fate of Robert, the eldest of all the Protector's sons, was much more difficult to decide, and was quite unknown till very lately; but he was buried at Felsted, Essex, May 31, 1639, aged seventeen. This is from the register of Felsted, though who first extracted it I am sorry I cannot remember. I copied the information from an article in the Edinburgh Review for January, 1856. Bexhill. CHARLES F. S. WARREN, M.A. "WHITE-STOCKINGED HORSES" (5th S. vii. 64.) --I have observed the superstition as to one, two, three, four white feet in Asia Minor among the Turks, in the horse bazaars. It is known among the Albanians, and doubtless among the Koords, Greeks, &c. I do not know about two white forelegs being lucky, and fore and hind leg being unlucky. This is one of the most ancient parts of the superstition, and allied to the forms of the Evil Eye. There is also among the Turks a whole code as to lucky and unlucky marks. 32, St. George's Square, S.W. HYDE CLARKE. SCOTT FAMILY (5th S. vii. 89, 139.)-The family of Scott, of Barnes Hall, Ecclesfield, Yorkshire, was in no respect connected with, or an offshoot of, the Buccleuch family, but a member of the Scotshall family, in Kent. Richard Scott, the first of Barnes Hall, was a kinsman (consanguineus) of Thomas Scotte (alias Rotherham, from the place of his early preferment), Cardinal Archbishop of York 1480, and son of Sir John Scotte, of Scots Hall, Comptroller of Household of Edward IV., and Chamberlain of Edward V. Richard Scott, of Ecclesfield, participated in the distribution of the archbishop's property, and assumed arms that have been attributed to that prelate his benefactor. A pedigree of this family-Barnes Hall-and particulars concerning their origin, are to be found in the Memorials of the Family of Scott, of Scotshall, recently published. J. R. SCOTT. Clevelands, Walthamstow. UMBRELLAS (5th S. vi. 202, 313, 335, 394; vii. 19.)—The elder D'Israeli, in his Literary Miscel lanies, edition 1859, in a chapter "Of Domestic Novelties at First Condemned," has the following interesting note on these useful articles : "Umbrellas in my youth were not ordinary things; few but the macaronis of the day, as the dandies were then called, would venture to display them. For a long while it was not usual for men to carry them without incurring the brand of effeminacy, and they were vulgarly considered as the characteristics of a person whom the mob then hugely disliked, namely, a mincing Frenchman. At first a single umbrella seems to have been kept at a coffee-house for some extraordinary occasion-lent as carried by the walkers. The Female Tatler advertises, a coach or chair in a heavy shower, but not commonly 'The young gentleman belonging to the Custom-house, who, in fear of rain, borrowed the umbrella from Wilks' Coffee-house, shall the next time be welcome to the maid's pattens.' An umbrella carried by a man was then obviously considered an extreme effeminacy. As late as in 1778 one John Macdonald, a footman, who has written his own life, informs us that when he carried a fine silk umbrella, which he had brought from Spain, he could not with any comfort to himself, the people calling out, Frenchman! why don't you get a coach? The fact was that the hackney coachmen and chairmen, joining with the true esprit de corps, were clamorous against this por tentous rival. This footman in 1778 gives us further information: At this time there were no umbrellas worn in London, except in noblemen's and gentlemen's houses, where there was a large one hung in the hall to hold over a lady or gentleman, if it rained, between the door and their carriage.' His sister was compelled to himself by his umbrella. But he adds that he persisted quit his arm one day, from the abuse he drew down on for three months till they took no further notice of this novelty.' Foreigners began to use theirs, and then the English. Now it is become a great trade in London. The state of our population might now, in some degree, be ascertained by the number of umbrellas."-Pp. 358-9. Isaac D'Israeli was born in 1766, and died in 1848. John Macdonald, the footman, was the author of a singular book, Travels in various Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, printed for the author in 1790. At p. 335 of Literary Miscellanies (same edition) D'Israeli quotes from it the account of Macdonald when in service witnessing the death of Laurence Sterne in 1768, after whose health he had been sent by his master to inquire. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. also lacks the title-page. It contains 200 songs "That the Nobility, Gentry, and others of the county set to music for the German flute, &c. The first not present at this meeting be invited to concur herein, song is "The Bush aboon Traquair," and the last and to signify their concurrence to the Secretary of the Infirmary (post-paid), who will enter their names on the is "Sweet Annie," a Scotch "sang." The follow-roll, which will be left in his custody for that purpose." ing is the dedication : "To my worthy subscribers. Gentlemen and Ladies. The encouragement I have received from you in this undertaking obliges me in gratitude to return you my hearty thanks. And I hope for the continuance of your favours in the next volume. And also such recommendations as the work may justly merit, it being generally esteemed to be ye most compact and useful collection of anything of this kind extant. However, to make it such shall be the utmost endeavour of your most obliged humble servant, HEN. ROBERts. "MUSCULAR CHRISTIANITY" (5th S. vii. 69.)—I cannot say who first ticketed Kingsley's theology with this expression. There is reason to think that, in date, it must have got currency some time after 1859. In absence of this precise particular, it may be not without interest to extract a passage that in all likelihood suggested the appellative:"I have tried to hint to you two opposite sorts of men: the one trying to be good with all his might and main, according to certain approved methods and rules, which he has got by heart, and like a weak oarsman feeling and fingering his spiritual muscles all over all day to see if they are growing; the other not even knowing whether he is good or not, but just doing the right thing without thinking about it, as simply as a little child, because the Spirit of God is with him."-Westward Ho! vol. i. p. 92. F. S. Churchdown. VAILS (5th S. vii. 84.)—Formerly the town of Shrewsbury was a sort of metropolis for a large district, many of the gentry of Shropshire and neighbouring counties passing much of their time there during the winter months (see Macaulay's Hist., vol. i. p. 339, &c.). A MS. preserved amongst the papers of the Salop Infirmary-the Board room of which last century was used as a kind of club-room for card parties-contains the following rules, agreed upon at the Anniversary Meeting of the Salop Infirmary, Sept. 12, 1766, for abolishing the custom of giving rails to servants in the county of Salop: "That after the 24th day of Dec. next no person consenting to these rules do give Vails to any Servants within the county or neighbourhood on account of being entertained at Table at Cards, or for being lodged one or more nights with or without horse, or on account of receiving any present. "That no Masters or Mistresses consenting as aforesaid do permit their Servants to receive Vails contrary to the above rules in case they should be offered them by any person whatsoever. "That each Master and Mistress as aforesaid do forthwith discharge any servant detected offending against these rules, or otherwise punish them in such manner as may deter them for the future from being guilty of the like offence. Attached to this follow a large number of signatures, most of which were given in the "Bye" column of the Oswestry Advertizer on gones A. R. Nov. 8, 1876. Croeswylan, Oswestry. EXTINCTION OF AUSTRALIAN (TASMANIAN) ABORIGINALS (5th S. vi. 126, 196.)—The statement published at p. 126 is correct, while that at p. 196 refers to an event (four aboriginals being spectators at a levée or ball) that occurred between the years 1861 and 1869. It is probable that the quotation from Nature should be p. 242, July 13, 1867 (not 1876). The Count de Castelnau is Consul-General for France at Melbourne, not at Sydney, and he has been aware for several years that there has been only one Tasmanian aboriginal living; this person, a woman, died at the reputed age of seventy-three years, on May 8, 1876, and was buried on the 11th of the same month. Her true age is more probably nearer sixty years than that assigned to her. The coffin bears the following inscription, "Trucanini died 8 May, 1876, aged 73 years." J. McC. B. AUTHORS OF BOOKS WANTED (5th S. vii. 108.)— The Heroine. In the Handbook of Fictitious Names, p. 194, E. H. will find The Heroine, or Adventures of a Fair Romance Reader, by E. S. Barrett, 1813. But proHeroine of the Peninsula, a novel, in two vols., 1826, bably there have been reprints. There is, also, The which is by Capt. M'Donogh; and The Heroine of a Week, Conversations on Education, Lond., Seeley, 1845. OLPHAR HAMST. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. 108.) "The cause for which Hampden died in the field," &c., may be found in bk. 5, chap. ii., of Disraeli's Coningsby. OLIVER CROMWELL. [It was used as a motto to the Statesman newspaper, when the author of Coningsby was a child.] The Poets' Magazine. Vol. I. (A. E. Moxon.) THE first instalment of this serial is a very pleasant one. In it young poets try their wing, with more or less promise, and older bards are written about with no lack of taste or judgment. Mr. C. A. Ward contributes a paper on epitaphs. These are good, but they are timeworn. All who now write on this subject seem satisfied in copying earlier collectors, and make no collection of their own of epitaphs never before in print. Among the very, very old epitaphs we find the thousand times printed one on Lady O'Looney, which Mr. Ward, following his thousand predecessors, says is "in Pewsey Churchyard, Wiltshire." It is neither there nor anywhere else. There never was a Lady O'Looney. The absurdity which is called her epitaph is foolishly garbled and altered from a very lengthy epitaph on an Irish lady, Mrs. Jane Molony; and this inscription is not in Wiltshire, but in Mr. Ward's own London parish. He will find it in the chapel hall of St. George's old burial-ground, Bayswater Road. If he will kindly copy it for "N. & Q." he will amply compensate for sending his readers to Wilts. The Whole Familiar Colloquies of Desiderius Erasmus, of Rotterdam. Translated from the Latin by Nathan Bailey, author of the Universal Etymological English Dictionary. (Hamilton, Adams & Co.) ABOUT thirty years after good Nathan Bailey died, which event occurred in 1742, Samuel Patrick, "subpræceptor' at the Charterhouse (not yet a bishop), published his very useful edition of the famous Colloquies, in the original Latin. Now, at more than a century from the later period, we have a capital reprint of Bailey's translation. It is a most acceptable volume, with some roughish words here and there, but at which nobody need take offence. A work better worth reading, either for entertainment or for knowledge, it would be difficult to find. Every vice and folly of the time of the author may be said to be here exposed; but the satire has cured few, if any. Among both is the writing of letters by the dead to the living; not on a slate, as now, nor upon common paper, but such as goldbeaters put their leaf gold in-a reddish paper, you know." 1548. The Second Year of the Reign of King Edward VI. Pulpit and Pew. Sketches of Popular Preachers of the and the Layman speaks without reverence of clergymen who have no poor among their congregations, high-priced pews taking the place of the comfortable free seats, where respectable but poor shopkeepers and others used to sit by a sort of prescriptive right. A few of these sketches are rather "personal," but taken altogether there is no ill-feeling in the book, nor any likely to be raised by it. God's Chosen Festival (a_Christmas Song), and other Poems. By George N. Plunkett. (Dublin, Mullany.) PIOUS and patriotic, graceful and refined; pleasant to read, and also to remember. DR. REINHOLD KÖHLER, Librarian of the Great Ducal Library of Weimar, writes to "N. & Q.," in reference to Massinger and De Musset" (5th S. vii. 81), that, in the Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur (Leip zig, 1867), he pointed out, as the source of De Musset's Barberini, Bandello's Novelle (p. i., Nov. 21), which, through Painter's translation in The Palace of Pleasure, became known to Massinger. Dr. Köhler further points out that in Mezière's Contemporains et Successeurs de Shakespeare (Paris, 1864) a parallel is drawn between Massinger's Picture and De Musset's Barberini. We shall be glad to hear occasionally from the learned Librarian at Weimar. LONDON, SATURDAY, MARCH 3, 1877. CONTENTS. - N° 166. NOTES:-Coleridge in Manchester, 161-The Heart of Richard I, 162-Folk- Lore, 163-Billiard Books, 164-Pancake Tuesday, 165-"D'Israeli": an Erroneous Prediction "Saint Rattle Doll Fair "-A Ritualistic Epigram-Yorkshire for "To Play "-"Awaits "-Milton, 166. ligion, morals, and other similar subjects, as well as upon the late discoveries in chemistry and other sciences; and here Dalton first broached his then undefined atomic theory. We began to think ourselves philosophers. Occasionally we admitted a friend or two to join our circle, but this was considered a favour. At this period Coleridge was studying at one of the universities, and was then considered a genius and eloquent. He solicited permission to join our party. Mr. Coleridge had a great QUERIES:-Obscure Expressions in an Old Dramatist-Ten-high-sounding sentences; but my few words, directly to fluency of words, and he could put them well together in nyson's Allusions-Society for Promoting Natural History, 1786-Criticisms on the Bar," 167-Ben Jonson-"Rodneys" -Bowles Pedigree-"Calf-taker"-The Venus-Mrs. Browning-Prince Charles Edward - Wyllys Family-Steevens Family Duplany - Houlbrooke Family, 168 Sheriffs of London and Middlesex - Mendham Witchcraft-Cocks' Brains-Binding-Austria-Coloured Alabaster-F. Josephus Pauwels-Thomas Miller-Authors of Books Wanted Authors of Quotations Wanted, 169. REPLIES:-Arms, but no Crest-Phonetics: "To Write," 170 -Amusing Bull, 171-The "Te Deum," 172-The Phrase "He dare not"-Books on Special Subjects: CaricaturesOriginal Letters of Dr. Johnson-"In my flesh," &c., 173-profit by it.""-Life, pp. 35-37. T. Skinner Surr: W. B. Rhodes-Missing Mahratta Costume -"Budget "-" Runrig," 174-Heraldic, 175-Sir Thomas Dishington-St. Nathalan-Autographs of Sir J. Reynolds"Pinder," 176-Wales called "Letamia"-Notley Abbey, Bucks, 177—“ Facies"-Fen (or Fend-Old Wills: Harris of Cornworthy Court-" Keening," 178-The Duchess of Devonshire-Chess among the Malays-Authors Wanted, 179. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. COLERIDGE IN MANCHESTER. The little that is known of Coleridge's college days, and of his change of religious opinion in his youth-from the creed of the Church, in which he was brought up, to the Unitarian views which he held for a few years-gives interest to an inquiry concerning his alleged visits to Manchester whilst he was yet a student at Jesus College, Cambridge. The facts of these visits are involved in some obscurity, and I propose to set down what is known, or, at any rate, what is on record, in the hope that it may elicit further information if any such exists. Robert Owen is our chief informant, and it is owing to the indefiniteness of his account that the perplexity has arisen. His autobiography (Life of Robert Owen, written by himself, London, 1857) was not published until he was nearly eighty-six, and must have been written late in life-a fact which goes far to explain the haziness of some of his earlier recollections. He was in his fifteenth year when he came to Manchester in 1786, and, in the same year, the Manchester New College was founded and opened in Mosley Street, for the education of Unitarian ministers. At this college Dr. Dalton and a Mr. Winstanley were assistants, Dalton receiving his appointment as tutor in 1793. Owen made their acquaintance. 66 "In their room," he says, we often met in the evenings, and had much and frequent discussions upon rc the point, generally told well, and, although the eloquence and learning were with him, the strength of the argument was generally admitted to be on my side. Many years afterwards, when he was better known and more celebrated, I presented him with a copy of my Essays on the Formation of Character; and the next time I met him, after he had read them, he said, Mr. Owen, I am really ashamed of myself; I have been making use of many words, and writing and speaking what is called eloquence, while I find you have said much more to the purpose, in plain simple language, easy to be I shall endeavour to understood, and in short compass. Here we have, circumstantially enough, a statement of Coleridge's presence in Manchester about 1793. at which time he would be twenty-one years old. Further on in his autobiography (Life of Robert Owen, p. 70), Owen tells the story of his relations with Robert Fulton, the famous American engineer, and inventor and introducer of the steamboat. Fulton, it appears, was in Manchester in 1794, and he and Owen were inmates together of a boarding-house at No. 8, Brazenose Street. The intimacy was kept up, partly by correspondence, till 1797, and Owen advanced money towards the cost of patenting some of Fulton's inventions. "While Fulton was with us in Manchester," says Owen, "forming one of a circle of engineering friends who very frequently met, he was considered a valuable addition. The late Dr. John Dalton was one of this circle, and Coleridge came occasionally from his college, during vacations, to join us." Coleridge was a student at Jesus College, Cambridge, from 1791 to 1793. He published his first volume of poems in 1794, the year Fulton was in Manchester. During all these years, if Owen is to be credited, Coleridge was occasionally in Manchester. Two questions naturally occur to one's mind: first, was the change in his religious views due to his discussions and associations with the professors of the Manchester New College, then the centre and fountain-head of Unitarian learning in England? and, secondly, was the scheme for a Pantisocracy on the banks of the Susquehannah, which Coleridge formed at Bristol shortly after leaving college, in conjunction with Southey, Wordsworth, and Lovell, due to conversations with Robert Owen, the planner of the New Moral World? Whatever truth there may be in Owen's statements-and, although there is obscurity in the precise dates, I think we must admit that they are too circumstantial to warrant their absolute |