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THE JACOBITE STANDARDS.

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P.S.-In reference to the standard of 1745, I find the following in Brown's History of the High

"SKILL."

SHAKSPEARIANA.

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"I think you have as little skill to fear as I have
purpose."- Winter's Tale, Act iv. sc. 3, 1. 157.
The Oxford editors alter it to as little skill in
fear," which, as Warburton says, has no kind of
sense in this place. Mr. P. A. Daniel would read
call in lieu of skill. Directly I read the passage
it struck me that one of the early meanings of
skill might be "cause," "reason." In this I find
I am confirmed; for Warburton says, "To have
skill to do a thing" was a phrase formerly in use
equivalent to our "To have a reason to do a
thing"; and Latham gives as a third meaning of
skill, "reason," "cause," and he says this is the
very ancient meaning of the word; and he quotes
the Winter's Tale. Indeed the Saxon has quite
another word for our "skill" in the way we now
use it.

As in the days of Redgauntlet and Allan Fair-lands, vol. iii. p. 20:-"The flag used upon this ford, there are still to be found persons-most occasion was of silk, of a white, blue, and red texloyal subjects, however-in whose company it is ture (sic), but without any motto." more polite to speak of "the Chevalier," or "Prince Charles Edward," than to use the commoner phrase with reference to those personages. From some members of this class whom I have met, I learn that some uncertainty exists with regard to the exact form and import of the standards raised during the Reb-I mean the affairs of '15 and '45. I have recently come upon the following minute description of the standard of 1715. It will be noticed that the flag, and the pretensions, set up on this occasion were in perfect accord :"The Earl of Mar erected the Chevalier's standard there [Castleton of Brae-Mar] on the 6th of September, 1715; and proclaimed him King of Scotland, England, France, and Ireland, &c. This standard, supposed to be made by the Earl's lady, was very elegant. The colour was blue, having on one side the Scottish arms wrought in gold, and on the other the Scottish thistle, with these words beneath, 'No Union'; and on the top the ancient motto, Nemo me impune lacessit.' It had pendants of white ribbon, one of which had these words written upon Skill seem to be derived from A.-S. it, For our wronged king and oppressed country.' The other ribbon had For our lives and liberties. It is scylan, which Lye renders "distinguere, dividere, reported that when this standard was first erected, the absolvere, liberare. Wal scel on innan reocende ornamental ball on the top fell off, which depressed the hraw, cædes distinguebat intus fumantia cadavera." spirits of the superstitious Highlanders, who deemed it-Fr. Jud., p. 26, 1. 6. Conf. Icelandic skilja, ominous of misfortune in the cause for which they were then appearing (Summary of the Events of 1715, by Geo. Charles of Alloa, quoted in Hogg's Jacobite Relics, 2nd Ser. p. 257).

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The narrative is there given in illustration of the falling of the "golden knop," mentioned in the third verse of the song, "Up and waur them a', Willie."*

The standard raised at Glenfinnan, in 1745, is

thus described :

"It was a large banner of red silk, with a white space in the centre, but without the motto Tandem Triumphans,' which has been so often assigned to it, as also the significant emblems of a crown and coffin with which the terror of England at one time adorned it" (History of the Rebellion of 1745-46, by Robert Chambers, p. 42). It will be observed that this flag was perfectly different from that raised in "the '15"; and it is to this point I would ask the attention of such of your readers as may be interested in the subject.

* "The golden knop down from the top
Unto the ground did fa', Willie,
Then second-sighted Sandy said,
We'll do nae gude at a', Willie."

which Cleasby renders "to part, separate, divide; and then to distinguish, discern, understand [O. Eng. to skill]." He says the original sense, to cut, L. secare, appears in the Gothic skilja = butcher.

= a

"Skills not" occurs once in 2 Henry VI. Act iii. sc. 1, and twice in the Taming of the Shrew, Act iii. sc. 2, where it means matters not," "is of no importance." R. S. CHARNOCK.

Junior Garrick Club.

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The names of sondry the wisest and best merchaunts in london to deale in the weightiest causes of the Citie as occasion is offred.

Anthonye Cage
George Bonde
Gerard Gore

ffrauncis Bowyer

Nicholas Backhouse

Thomas Starkie
Robert Ofley
Raufe Woodcock
John Spencer
Henry Campion
Richard Barnes
Thomas Gore
George Stoddard
William Albanye
Martyn Calthroppe
Thomas Browne
Thomas Skinner

Richard Pecock

Nicholas Wheler
Richard Hilles
Richard Peacock +
Nicholas Wheler ↑

Richard Hilles +

Nicholas Luddington

Richard Martyn

Thomas Aldersey
Richard Saltonstall'
Stephen Slanre
Anthony Ratcliff
John Mabbsen
Thomas Ware
John Harte
Thomas Riggs
William Cockin
William Towerson

Edmond Hall
Robert Howse
John Lacye
Ambrose Smithe
William Gibbons
John Alat
William Hewet
Thomas Cranfield
Robert Trapps
John Kirbie
Nicholas Parkins
William Phillipps
Richard Maye
Christofer Hodgeson

William Dixon
Mathew Colcloth
Nicholas Spencer
Henry Billingsley
Andrew Palmer
William Webbe
John Riche
Auncell Becket
Robert Wynche
Thomas Bressie
Hugh Ofleye
John Heydon

John Violet
Richard Thornell'
Robert Christofer
William Thorowgood
John Totten
Richard Warren
George Sotherton
Richard Stapers
William Rowe
Edward Elmer

Henry Pranell'

George Crowther

Richard Adams

Walter fishe

Richard Smithe

John Harrison

Blase Saunders

William Abram
Edmond Burton
Richard Reynolds
John Denham
Robert Dove
Christopher Edwards

Thomas Allen

Arthure Dawbney

John Lambert

William Widnell

William Sherington

Thomas Bayard
Arthure Malbye
Charles Hoskins
John Wetherall
Hughe Morgan
Edmond Hogens
William Harding
William Megges
George Withens
Richard Morrice
Anthony Walthall
ffrauncis Dodd
Stephen Woodroofe.

One of the lists previous to this is dated 1579. + Repeated?

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Double Readers-Mr. Kitchen, of the counsell of the
torbury; poore. Mr. Rodes, of the Counsell of Yorke;
Citie of London; of good wealthe. Mr. Alcock, of Can-
of great liuing and very learned. Mr. Colbie; of great
liuing.

Mr
Single Readers-Mr. Jute; of one hundredth marks
Kearle; of great liuing. Mr. Allington; discontinueth;
liuing; Recorder of Cambridge; very learned.
Mr. Auger; very learned; welthie. Mr. Whis-
poore.
kins; learned; poore; of smale fame for practise.
Mr. Yeluerton; learned; of great gayne and wealth.
Mr. Snagge; learned; of great liuing and practise.
Mr. Brogrove very learned; poore; sinally practised;
worthy of great practise.

Barristers-Mr. Burnam, at York. Mr. Burket, hir
majesty's Attorney at Yorke. Mr. Neuell, at York. Mr.
Kempe; learned. Mr. Esconte. Mr. Stuard, Mr. Pur-
fray, no practisers. Mr. Daniell'; of great practise;
very welthie and relligious. Mr. Smithe. Mr. Boothe;
Mr. Godfrey: wel practised; riche.
smaly practised.
Mr. Shuttleworthe very learned and riche, and well
practised. Mr. Williams; smally learned.

The Midle Temple.

Double Readers-Mr. Plowden; uery learned; of great
Mr. fleetewood, Recorder of London; very
liuing.
learned and riche. Mr. Nicholls; learned; riche. Mr.
Mr.
Popham; very learned; of great liuing; hir majesty's
Sollicitour. Mr. ffarmer; very learned; riche.
Gent; wel practised.

Single Readers-Mr. Rosse; wel practised. Mr. Crampton; wel practised. Mr. Archer; wealthie. Mr. Stephens. Mr. Dale; practised. Mr. ffenner; learned. Thinner Temple.

Double Readers-Mr. Kelloway, Surviour of Liveries. Mr. George Bromeley, Attorney of the Duchie. Mr. Withe. Mr. Poole. Mr. Mariot.

Single Readers-Mr. Risden. Mr. Walter. Mr. Hurleston. Mr. Halton. Mr. Pargrave. Mr. Bullock. Mr. Graye. Mr. Wiatt. Mr. Smithe. Mr. Hare.

Lincoln's Inne.

Mr. Richard Kingsmill, Attorney in the Courte of Mr. Kempe; of smale accompt; a double Wardes. reader. Mr. Baker; of great liuing; wel practised; a Mr. Walmesley: very single reader. Mr. Clinche; wel practised. Mr. Dalton: Mr. Wykes; wel practised; not welthie. learned; welthie. Mr. Owen; welthie. very riche; wel practised. Mr. Cooper; practised. Mr. George Kingsmill; wel practised; welthie. Mr. Egerton; very learned; a younge practiser, and very toward. JAMES GREENSTREET.

VERSES WRITTEN BY THOMAS MOORE IN HIS
FOURTEENTH YEAR.

The Sentimental and Masonic Magazine (vol. vi. May, 1795, p. 446) contains the following verses by Thomas Moore, addressed to Samuel Whyte, his old schoolmaster. They are rendered all the more interesting from the fact of their having been

written when the poet was between fourteen and
fifteen years of age, and being probably penned in
his father's little "back parlour" in Aungier
Street, Dublin, from which they are dated "Jan.
1, 1795." Moore was born in May, 1789.
"To Samuel Whyte, Esq.,

Principal of the Grammar School, Grafton Street.
Hail! heaven-born votary of the laurel'd Nine
That in the groves of Science strike their lyres!
Thy strains, which breathe a harmony divine,
Sage Reason guides, and wild-eyed Fancy fires.
If e'er from Genius' torch one little spark

Glow'd in my soul, thy breath increased the flame;
Thy smiles beam'd sunshine on my wandering bark,
That dared to try Castalia's dangerous stream.
Oh! then for thee may many a joy-wing'd year
With not a stain, but still new charms appear;
Till, when at length thy mortal course is run,
Thou sett'st, in cloudless glory, like a sinking Sun.
"THOMAS MOORE.

"Aungier Street, Jan. 1, 1795."

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Lord Beaconsfield "powerful, but a dolt," should assume that very title himself.

The late eloquent pulpit orator, W. J. Fox, may also be held to have seen not far enough into the future when in 1836 he said, in his Lecture on the Morality of the Press:

"How extraordinary would a Prime Minister of this country think it if any one were to propose a creation of peers being supposed to be in contemplation-that he should elevate to the Upper House men who had distinguished themselves merely as authors, though in their authorship they might have developed the highest powers of intellect with which humanity has ever been invested! How astonished he would be if one were to say, 'Make a peer of Lytton Bulwer!""

Lytton Bulwer and Babington Macaulay were elevated to the peerage surely much more because they "had distinguished themselves as authors" than from the fact that they also drifted into political life. As politicians, their eminence is certainly secondary to their fame as literary men ; as authors, they live among the immortals.

HENRY CAMPKIN, F.S.A.

"SUCH AS SHOULD BE SAVED."—In Acts ii. 47, the phrase used of those who were added to the Church at Pentecost has caused much controversy among scholars, and in its English dress has perplexed many humble and timid believers. It has been asked what is the precise meaning of oi σωζόμενοι.

An asterisk over the last word of the foregoing The rendering in the A.V., which verse directs the attention of the reader to a note has a strongly Calvinistic flavour and bias, is con(which I subjoin) by the editor of the magazine : fessedly wrong. Some well-intentioned persons "This particularly alludes to the stanzas preceding have endeavoured to make out that the present (Moore's lines to Whyte), and other admired perfor- participle was in this case used through a grammances exhibited by Master Moore, the young gentle-matical looseness in a future sense. But on openman noticed in Whyte's Poems lately published, page 264, who at a very early age entered the University from Mr. Whyte's Academy, with distinguished honour to himself, as well as his able and worthy Preceptor." R. W. H. NASH, B.A.

Florinda Place, Dublin.

POETICAL AND LITERARY PREVISION.-Poet and prophet are said to be synonymous terms, but the prophet's mantle certainly fell not upon Thomas Moore's shoulders when, in his Odes upon Cash, Corn, Catholics, and other Matters: Selected from the Columns of the "Times" Journal (12mo., Lond., 1828), he ventured on the under-printed snuff-out of the now Earl of Beaconsfield :"Yonder behind us limps young Vivian Grey, Whose life, poor youth, was long since blown away, Like a torn paper-kite, on which the wind No further purchase for a puff can find." These lines occur in a satirical sketch entitled Imitation of the "Inferno" of Dante, at p. 158 of the little volume above referred to. They are to be found also on p. 520 of the single vol. edition of Moore's Works, royal 8vo., 1850. It is curious that Mr. Disraeli, having (in Vivian Grey) styled

ing the Tabula of Cebes the other day I lighted on a solution of the problem. The Tabula is one of the least known but not the least valuable parts of Greek ethical literature. It is a kind of brief Pilgrim's Progress, and therefore its terminology is in an instance like this of marked significance. The Tabula is so short that I need not give chapter and verse, but I wish to mention that in it there occurs the phrase of owcóμevot, and from the context it is obvious that the two words mean not "those who were predestined to be saved," not even, to adopt a formula of the Latin Church, "those who were in a state of salvation," but simply "those who were treading the path towards moral perfection." I have no doubt that in the New Testament the meaning is absolutely the same, and that in this as in other cruces a theological doubt has been created by an imperfect knowledge of the refinements of the Greek language. Let us hope that, in the fresh version of the New Testament, the radical mistranslation of which I have spoken will be corrected even at the cost, which from a purely literary point of view is lamentable, of a studied paraphrase.

Still, a paraphrase is a lesser evil than an ap

parent limitation of the divine mercy to sinners owing to a defect in language or scholarship; and to take an analogous example, has not much confusion been introduced into scientific theology because St. Augustine happened originally to bave been a lawyer? H. DE BURGH HOLLINGS.

New University Club.

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It is not a little remarkable that so careful and accurate a critic in all matters of dates as De Morgan was should have assumed that this date of March 18, 1733, did not mean the historic year but indicated the legal year, that is, a twelvemonth later, when there was no need for such an assumption, and the evidence of probability was against it. Newton's book was published in Lonadvertised in the London Magazine for that month. don in February, 1733 (historic year), and is That it was reprinting in Dublin the following month is just what might be expected, and John without supposing that the Dublin edition was Stokes's date at once settles the question of priority, not printed till the following year. De Morgan was clearly right in his conclusion, but I think as clearly wrong in the evidence by which he arrived

at it.

EDWARD SOLLY.

BRADSHAW THE REGICIDE.—Mr. Thorne, in his Handbook to the Environs of London, recently published, has fallen into a curious error with regard to President Bradshaw. In his account of Edmonton he states that Bury Hall was once the residence of Bradshaw, who presided at the trial of Charles I." As I believe Mr. Thorne is not the first who has made this mistake, perhaps a true statement of the case may not be uninteresting to the readers of "N. & Q." Bury Hall was for many generations the seat of the Galliards, a family of French extraction, who, during the seventeenth "DERANGE."-Johnson has not admitted this and eighteenth centuries, were possessed of con- word and censures it (Hawkins's Apophthegms, siderable property in the neighbourhood of Ed-215, i.e. the last volume of his edition of Johnson): monton and Enfield, acquired principally through "disarrange is the word." John Seager (A Supplemarriages with the heiresses of Wroth and Huxley.ment to Dr. Johnson's Dictionary, Lond., 1819, Early in the last century Joshua Galliard, Esq., 4to.) cites Adam Smith as an authority both for of Bury Hall, married Elizabeth, sister and sole derange and derangement. Todd (ed. 1827) cites heir of George Bradshaw, Esq., the last heir male Burke, On a Regicide Peace, as an authority for of the family of Bradshaw, of Bradshaw Hall and derange, noting that the British Critic (Sept. 1795, Abney, in Derbyshire, and Brampton Hall, Yorks. p. 237) branded the word as a Gallicism; for President Bradshaw belonged to a junior branch derangement he cites Ruffhead and Paley. Richof this family, and had been dead upwards of half ardson cites Blair and Adam Smith for the verb, a century before the connexion between the Brad-Berkeley and Paley for the noun. Can no earlier shaws and the possessors of Bury Hall took place. examples be found? JOHN E. B. MAYOR. The Bradshaw arms appear among the Galliard quarterings on a shield over the chimney-piece, in one of the principal rooms at Bury Hall; and, as the house is of considerable antiquity, this too may have given rise to the legend that the president resided there. I may add that the Galliard family became extinct in the male line about a hundred years ago, when Bury Hall, with the chief part of the Bradshaw and Galliard estates in Derbyshire and Middlesex, passed by marriage to Charles Bowles, Esq., of Sheen House, in the parish of Mortlake, Surrey (a younger son of Humphry Bowles, Esq., of Wanstead Grove, Essex, and Burford, in Shropshire), in whose family it now continues.

M. Y. S.

NEWTON ON DANIEL.-In one of Augustus De Morgan's interesting little bibliographical notes in the Athenæum in 1868, he discusses the question whether Sir Isaac Newton's Observations on Daniel, &c., was first printed in 1733 in London or in Dublin, and ends :

"No doubt the first was the London edition, but no doubt is some doubt, as surely as a true joke is no joke. The whim of a schoolboy is some evidence-Master John Stokes, aged ten years, has sent his name [as a subscriber to the Dublin edition], 18th of March, 1733, and as this was only a week before the end of the year, it seems clear that the London edition was the earlier of the two."

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St. John's College, Cambridge.

THE WHITE TSAR.-This name, by which the Emperor of Russia is now known throughout all Asia, is the literal translation-in Russian Biely Tsar, in Mongol Tchagau Khan-of the present corrupted form of the Chinese character Hwang, emperor." The symbol used to express this idea was originally composed of the characters meaning oneself" and "ruler"; Hwang, therefore, being equivalent to "autocrat." But, by the omission of a "oneself" was changed into stroke, the symbol the symbol "white," and hence the Chinese word for "emperor" became in Russian and Mongol the "White Tsar." See Douglas, Language of China, p. 19, 1875.

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Wadham College, Oxford.

A. L. MAYHEW, M.A.

THE UNICORN.-The accompanying Oriental account of the reason why the unicorn forms one of the supporters of the royal arms of Britain will be new to many of your readers :

"The following story was told me, and as I heard it from one who neither knew I was an Englishman nor bore any particular love to our country, it may be relied on as genuine. One evening, sitting among the rocks with a party of natives, the conversation turned on flags. A man sitting there said to a stranger, 'Why do the

English put the wyheed el win, the unicorn, on their flag?' and then related the following story of it, as one well known through the length and breadth of the land: The unicorn is found in a vast country south of Abyssinia. There the animals, undisturbed by man, live after their own laws. The water does not flow in rivers, but lives in the bosom of the soil. When the others wish to drink, the unicorn inserts his horn into the earth with this he scoops a pool, satisfies his own thirst, and leaves what he does not require to the rest. So these English have the privilege of first discovering all things and then the rest of the world may come afterwards.' The story was flattering, and the rest all assured the stranger (a native of Mosul) of its truth."-Hon. F. Walpole, The Ansayrii, iii. p. 285.

I wonder how many Englishmen could give the true reason for the unicorn appearing in the royal standard.

A. O. V. P.

[The English lion and the Scottish unicorn are said to be united as supporters of the arms of England by the

union of England and Scotland. The two together are to be found among Egyptian hieroglyphics, the unicorn being really the graceful wild ass. There is somewhere mention made of both in a game at chess, the lion representing the powerful king, the unicorn the graceful queen.]

NEW YEAR'S DAY SUPERSTITIONS. In some parts of Devonshire it is believed to be particularly unlucky to wash clothes on a New Year's Day, because by so doing it is thought that a member of the family will be rendered liable to be washed out of existence before the close of the current year. This superstitious belief is carried so far by some persons that they will not even permit any dishes, plates, &c., to be cleaned on the first day of the year. GEO. C. BOASE.

Queen Anne's Gate, S. W.

CURIOUS ANAGRAMS.-The name of the vessel that first attempted to lay the Atlantic cable was Faraday, and the name of the owners Siemens. From these two names (Siemens, Faraday) the following ingenious anagrams, which seem worthy of preservation in "N. & Q.," have been compounded by a friend :

1. Means, I fear, days. 2. Yes, man, said Fear. 3. Yes, as I damn fear. 4. Fear is damn easy. 5. Yes, as if man dare. 6. May fair seas end! 7. Fain easy dreams. 8. Seems if a day ran. 9. As may Fan desire. 10. Say if a mad sneer. 11. Fears amend, I say! 12. Ye ass, in mad fear! 13. I say, sad man free. 14. If any sea-dreams. 15. Men far said easy. 16. "Ein Mess, Faraday." 17. As I may end fears. 18. And sea is my fear. 19. Sad is enemy afar.

GUFF.

"FAST AND LOOSE."-This is the name of a cheating game, also called "pricking at the belt," which appears to have been much practised by the gipsies in the time of Shakspeare. The following is a description :

"A leathern belt is made up into a number of intricate folds, and placed edgewise upon a table. One of the folds is made to resemble the middle of a girdle, so that whoever shall thrust a skewer into it would think he

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held it fast to the table; whereas, when he has so done, the person with whom he plays may take hold of both ends, and draw it away." The game is still practised at fairs, races, and similar meetings under the name of "prick the garter"; the original phrase, "fast and loose," however, is now used to designate the conduct of those numerous slippery characters whose code of ethics does not forbid them to say one thing and do another. W. T. HYATT. Enfield, N.

THE ROCHDALE LIBRARY.-On September 20 and 21, 1876, was sold by public auction the collection of books which formed this library. It was established in 1770, and was probably the longest lived, if not the oldest, circulating library in England, having existed for over 106 years. For some years after its establishment its annual meetings were held at the various hotels in the town, and in 1777 a catalogue was ordered to be printed and sold at 2d. each. In 1775 it was resolved "that every person who shall become a member shall pay for his entrance 17., and 6s. as a subscription." About fifteen years ago a proprietor's ticket was worth 21. 28. and the annual subscription was 15s. From that time there was a gradual decrease in the number of subscribers, chiefly owing to the counter attractions of Mudie, Smith, and others; but the death blow to it was the opening of the local Free Public Library in 1872. The subscription library contained about 9,000 volumes, the best of which were purchased by the Free Library, which has now on its shelves upwards of 25,000 volumes. H. FISHWICK, F.S.A.

PARALLEL PASSAGES.-Milton's L'Allegro, lines 53 and 54:

"Oft listening how the hounds and horn Cheerly rouse the slumbering morn." And The Spleen, by Matthew Green, lines 73 and

74

:—

"Hygeia's sons with hound and horn
And jovial cry awake the morn."
E. T. MAXWELL WALKER.

Chace Cottage, Enfield, N.

CURIOUS SURNAMES.-I noted Frühstück at Linz am Donau, and Mangematin at Autun, Saône-et-Loire. R. S. CHARNOCK. Junior Garrick.

"PALE GATE."-A man directing me my way near Ashburton, Devon, said, "You'll come to a pale gate." It proved to be a gate made with pales placed in a vertical position on a frame. The phrase was quite new to me; but I found it to be common in that district. WM. PENGELLY. Torquay.

MAYPOLES.-About four miles from Ashtonunder-Lyne there are two maypoles existing, one

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