mer "Hark, Flora, Faunus, here is melody, second, a young lady then in her twenty-first took the phrase from this well-known passage, year, Penelope, daughter of John Wiseman, of perhaps unconsciously. The word would never of Middle Temple and Tyrrels, in county Essex. In itself mean chorus; but when we have birds in 1658, accompanied by his young wife, we find him the plural after it, this sense is necessarily implied in Maryland. The following year, placing his or added on. G. R. K. business in the hands of an attorney, he sailed for England. Soon after he was designated chant of London." Rev. Edward D. Neill, B.A., in The Founders of Maryland, gives the following: "In Norfolk county, England, there is a place called Maryland Point, named by a retired American merchant, who built a house there, and that person is supposed to have been Thomas Cornwallis, of Burnham Thorpe, the best and wisest of the founders of Maryland. He died in 1676, at the age of seventy-two years, leaving a widow forty years of age, by whom he had four sons and six daughters." A brother and also several of the descendants of Wyoming, Hamilton Co., Ohio. "Sacred Bellona, valours choicest Saint, For now by thee flie we vnto our tent. Infuse true resolution in the minde Of thy professors, that their spirits may finde Brathwaite's Strappado for the Devil, p. 18. Boston, Lincolnshire. THE ORDER OF BAPTISM IN BOY AND GIRI (5th S. vi. 323, 463.)—In 1859-63, at All Saints', Newcastle-on-Tyne, I used to find very stout monthly nurses rather fussily ordering the ceremonies of baptism, and it was a sine qua non that the boys should be presented before the girls, for the reason mentioned in the note from Hone. LL. D. P. "A CHARM OF BIRDS" (5th S. vii. 207.)-The phrase is Milton's, Par. Lost, iv. 641, where Eve, addressing Adam, says :— "Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweat With charm of earliest birds. . ." The word charm comes, through the French, from the Latin carmen, and here means nothing but song. It can scarcely be doubted that Kingsley Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton. "PHILISTINE" (5th S. vii. 208, 240.)-Philister (Heb. Pelishti, "nomade" in Luther's Bible, our Philistine) is, in the slang of the German university student, a non-academic resident of the university towns, one of the Town as opposed to the Gown. Latham compares the word Goliardi, derived from that distinguished Philistine, Goliath, and found in several authors of the thirteenth century in the sense of joculatores et buffones, the unenlightened opponents in those days of the children of "sweetness and light." The word may be found in Carlyle's Essays on German Literature, but the best account of the thing meant by it is given by Matthew Arnold in Essays in Criticism, "Heinrich Heine," p. 189 (ed. 1875); see also the preface. Cp. dictionaries-Webster-Mahn, Latham, and Hilpert (who, by the bye, oddly derives Philister from the Med. Lat. balissarius, an archer, a trainband soldier). A. L. MAYHEW. Oxford. THE DEVIL OVERLOOKING LINCOLN (5th S. v. 510; vi. 77, 275, 415, 459; vii. 216.)—I send an extract from a book in my possession, printed in 1796, entitled Excentric Excursions, by G. M. Woodward. Speaking of Lincoln Cathedral, it is there stated: "From its elevated and conspicuous situation, it was called the glory of Lincoln, and the monks concluded it would chagrin the Devil to look at it, and from thence a malicious, envious aspect by a proverbial expression compared to the Devil looking over Lincoln."" Our author continues, still speaking of the cathedral: "Many of the ornaments round the exterior parts of the edifice are extremely outré, peculiar to the manners of monkish times, who, notwithstanding their cowls and outward forms of gravity, were not always strict adherents to the sanctity they professed. His infernal majesty, looking over the pile with a sour physiognomy, is placed in a conspicuous situation." A previous writer in "N. & Q." (5th S. v. 510) states that there is no "divil" overlooking the cathedral. I cannot say from personal knowledge whether there is or is not one now existing, but it is evident that there was one at the date of the publication of Excentric Excursions. It may be remarked that the devil alluded to by MR. PICKFORD was at Lincoln College, Oxford, and that the same number of the Gentleman's Magazine which records the unfortunate catastrophe of the Oxford devil, speaks of the fall of a crown fixed on the top of Whitehall Gate in the reign of Charles II.; but there is no mention of any head having been in it. Is this the accident your correspondent had in view when he mentions the head being blown off the statue of Charles I.? P. J. DIXON. Wittenberg and Rostock. At the latter place he fought a duel with a Dane named Passberg, upon which occasion he was unfortunately deprived of his nose. He, however, constructed an artificial nose of gold and silver, which is said to have had an exact resemblance to the missing feature. To guard against its dropping off, he always carried on his person a small box filled with some deThe following was sent me by a clergyman resi-scription of glue or cement, in order to re-attach it whenever he felt it becoming loose. Dahlby, Sweden. dent in Lincoln : 1. "The gable of the south-west chapel, used as the Consistory Court, is ornamented to the east with five blank lancets, in the heads of which are some grotesque sculptures, two representing pilgrims with their wallet, staff, and broad-brimmed hat; the central one popularly said to represent the Devil looking over Lincoln."" 2. "A very curious gurgoyle, at the eastern corner of the pedimental capping of the buttress to the east of the Great South-East or Bishop's Porch,' represents an imp riding on a witch's back, and, like that mentioned before(1), is called the Devil looking over Lincoln.'"From Williamson's Guide through Lincoln, revised by Rev. Precentor Venables. E. T. MAXWELL WALKER. Chace Cottage, Enfield. YORKSHIRE FOR "TO PLAY" (5th S. vii. 166.) -A chess-playing acquaintance of mine was one evening contesting a game with a brother amateur in Wakefield, when a summons to the tea-table arrived. Absorbed in their occupation, the combatants paid no attention to it, and were equally deaf to a second announcement. The lady of the house, becoming impatient, asked the servant what the gentlemen were doing, and why they did not come to tea; to which neat-handed Phillis" replied, "They are still laking, ma'am, at those weary chests." 66 Lake or laken is sometimes used in the sense of a plaything or toy. In the Gesta Romanorum this expression occurs: "He putt up in his bosome thes iij lakayns." Professor Earle (Philology of the English Tongue, p. 273) writes thus on the etymology of the word : "Lock-ledge. These words are very few now, and were not numerous in Saxon, where the termination was in the form lac, as brydlac, marriage; guthlac, battle; reflac, spoil; scinlac, sorcery, &c. The word lac here is an old worl for play, and still exists locally in the term lake-fellow, for play-fellow. To lake is common in Cumberland and Westmorland in the sense of to play. It is not generally known that when tourists to the lakes are called lakers, the natives imply the double meaning of lake-admirers and idlers." HUGH A. KENNEDY. Waterloo Lodge, Reading. "THE EMINENT MAN WITH A GOLDEN NOSE" (5th S. vi. 88, 173.)-This probably refers to the celebrated Danish astronomer, Tycho Brahe. It is related of him that, dissatisfied with the treatment he had to endure in Denmark, where, at that period, it was considered degrading for a gentleman of ancient lineage to be addicted to scientific pursuits, he went abroad, and spent some time at O. B. the hard and solid particles above mentioned, variously "All material things seem to have been composed of associated in the first Creation, by the councils of an latelligent Agent. For it became HIM who created them to set them in order. And if He did so, it is unphilosophical to seek for any other origin of this world, or to pretend that it might rise out of a chaos by the mere laws of nature. Though being once formed it may continue by those laws for many ages." I think the italics are Dr. Croly's, as he next proceeds to quote from Bacon's De Aug. Scien., and italicizes sentences there in the same manner; in fact, throughout the book italic words occur very H. C. DENT. frequently. "VISIONS OF THE WESTERN RAILWAYS" (5th S. v. 513; vii. 114.)-OLPHAR HAMST has placed too much confidence in the accuracy of the Bibliotheca Cornubiensis, if, as I understand from his note, it is therein stated that Sir Charles Lemon was the author of this book. I am enabled to show who was the author in the following manner. Upon the title-page of a copy of the Visions in my possession is the name of a former owner and these words, " from the author's brother, G. B. T." These letters being the initials of the name of a late resident of the Close, Salisbury, I showed them to a relative of his, who recognized them as the handwriting of Mr. G. B. Townsend, and, upon inquiry, it has been clearly ascertained that the author of the Visions of the Western Railways was Mr. Richard Edward Austin Townsend, of Doctors' Commons, and Springfield, Norwood, Surrey, who died in 1858. A. B. MIDDLETON. The Close, Salisbury. AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. 149.) "Alcohol, the Devil in solution."-Have I not found in the following quotation from Shakspeare, Othello, Act i. sc. 1, an answer to my own question ?"Cassio. O thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee devil!" JOHN CHURCHILL SIKES. (5th S. vii. 189.) "Oh! woman, not for thee the living tomb, These lines are to be found in Granada, the Oxford 66 (5th S. vii. 209.) 'Forgive his crimes," &c. The couplet misquoted by V. S. L. is to be found in Young's Night Thoughts, night ix., lines 2316, 2317, ed. Newcastle, 1803. It runs as follows: "His crimes forgive! forgive his virtues too! Those smaller faults, half-converts to the right." A similar idea is found in Tennyson's In Memoriam:"Forgive what seem'd my sin in me, What seem'd my worth since I began." "What is it, after all, the people get?" &c. See under "Monthly Observations" in Moore's Almanac For private pique or public right, When, after many battles past, Both, tir'd with blows, make peace at last, Why taxes, widows, wooden legs, and debt." The subjoined pithy comment singularly democratic for a publication styling itself a "loyal almanac "-follows the verses: "The best that can be said of some crowned heads is that they are fruges consumere nati." Dr. Olinthus Gregory, who died in 1841, was, I fancy, editor at this time of the Stationers' Company's almanacs, all then charged with a fifteen-penny stamp duty. Was he the author of the above rhyme? For "Francis Moore, Physician," was hardly less proud of the verses which headed the months in his almanac than of the mysterious hieroglyphic with which he annually puzzled his courteous reader." HENRY CAMPKIN, F.S.A. A Glossary of Words used in the Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincolnshire. By Edward Peacock, F.S.A. (Trübner & Co.) 'Ass. MR. PEACOCK has made a valuable contribution to the series of books published by the English Text Society. In one respect it resembles other collections of dialects, namely, in containing words that are in use throughout the United Kingdom, including what are considered cockneyisms, and words that are also to be found in vocabularies of slang. This volume is rich in proverbs and illustrations of folk-lore. For example: When an ass brays the saying is, 'There's another tinker dead at Lincoln.' Though now naturalized, I believe this to be an importation from Leicestershire or Nottinghamshire." Under the word "Bloody" we find the double explanation that it means-1. Well bred, coming of a good stock; commonly used with regard to animals, but sometimes as to human beings: "That's a bloody tit th' squire rides now"; "He comes of a bloody stock; that's why he's good to poor folks." 2. A strong term of resentment: "It's a bloody shame to send a poor man to prison for snarin' a hare in his gardenhedge, an' to fine a fine gentleman five shillings for shuttin' pheasans in September." In reference to Dogwhipper," an ecclesiastical office not yet quite obsolete, Mr. Peacock says: "In Northorpe Church, until about sixty years ago, there used to be a small pew just within the chancel arch, known as the Hall dog pew, in which the dogs which followed the editor's grandfather to church were imprisoned during the service." Under "Eggs" we find: "If eggs are carried over running water, they will have no chicks in them." Whoever drinks of "Esh Well" "will ever after desire to dwell at Kirton." Mr. Peacock is to be congratulated on the fulness of his work. Spiritual Letters of Archbishop Fénelon.-Letters to Men. (Rivingtons.) THIS translation is by the author of the Life of Bossuet, and similar successful works. Every page is full of sweet counsel and even sweeter thoughts, and in some respects the book resembles Wither's hymns for every situation in life, only this is poetical prose and Wither is prosaic poetry. The book starts with the significant phrase, "God's ways are pleasant and satisfying to those who seek them in love.' Genealogical Memoirs of the Family of Sir Walter Scott, Bart., of Abbotsford. With a Reprint of his Memorials of the Haliburtons. By the Rev. C. Rogers, LL.D. (Printed for the Royal Hist. Society.) WHETHER Scott succeeded, in the sense contemplated by himself, in founding an independent branch of a family which already reckoned among its ancestors great landholders and many of gentle blood, and which branch should be known to long successive ages as Scott of Abbotsford, is not quite so certain as some persons take it to be. But, whether or not, Dr. Rogers in compiling the genealogical details and in reprinting the memorials of the Haliburtons has furnished a volume which should be possessed by all who respect the greatest of the novelists of the first half of the present century. FIG SUNDAY.-Palm Sunday seems to have been observed this year under both its names. In Bucks and Beds figs were eaten. The grocers' shops had their usual display of the fruit. C. C. writes, with reference to this subject as connected with Silbury Hill:-"I have ascended this mound during a visit to Abury and the neighbourhood. Dr. Stukeley, and more recently Sir R. C. Hoare, in their description of this curious eminence, alluded to the ancient custom of the rustics ascending the mound on Palm Sunday to eat figs, cakes, sugar, and water brought from the Swallow Head, or spring of the river below. On Clea Hill, near Warminster, at Martinsall, and on several hills in North Wales, this custom is stated still to prevail. See Wilts Archæol. Mag., vol. vii. p. 181. What is the origin of the custom? Does it prevail in other places in Britain or elsewhere?" THE Society of Antiquaries has recently done a good A. E. Brae's tractate, Collier, Coleridge, and Shakespeare, 1860, p. 150. Here, too, I would give all the references to this passage in 5th S., viz. 5th S. iv. 181, 223, 365; v. 105; vi. 25, 104, 185, 226, 302; vii. 3, 44, 143, 224. It would be a convenience to persons studying the passage, now that all has been said that need be said." W. W. ("It's a far cry to Loch Awe") is referred to Mackintosh's Collection of Garlic Proverbs and Familiar Phrases, ed. 1819, pp. 132, 133, and note, pp. 209, 210. Also to Scott's Legend of Montrose and Rob Roy; to Life of Charles Kingsley, vol. ii. p. 139; and to "N. & Q.,” 4th S. vi. 505; vii. 42, 149. J. BOUCHIER.-The "Memoirs of P. P. Clerk of this Parish" is to be found in Warburton's edition of Pope, vol. vi. pp. 287-300. F. L. W.-Formerly, the mother church was visited on Mid-Lent Sunday. This was succeeded by the custom of visiting parents on that day. ERATO HILLS (ante, p. 225.)—With reference to Mrs. Dodd, E. H. is referred to the true account of her in Croker's Boswell (Murray), p. 545. EDINA. "Affecting all equality with God." Paradise Lost, bk. v. 1. 760. ERATO HILLS.-A letter for you lies at the office. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to “The Publisher"—at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. IRISH STATE PAPERS, REIGN OF JAMES I. In imperial 8vo. pp. 766, price 158. cloth, work. At the suggestion of the president (Frederick CALENDAR of STATE PAPERS relating to Ouvry, Esq.) and council, the wills at the Probate Office, Somerset House, are now accessible to readers in the literary department down to the year of the accession of George III., 1760, inclusive. This opens up sixty additional years to students. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. D. B.-Bubb Doddington (or Baron de Melcomb Regis) left at his death, in 1762, his whole property to his cousin, Mr. Thomas Wyndham, of Hammersmith. Mr. Wyndham, dying in 1777, left the MS. papers, diary, letters, and poems of Lord Melcomb to Henry Penruddock Wyndham, charging him to publish only such of them as might do honour to Lord Melcomb's memory. Mr. H. P. Wyndham published the diary on the ground that, though it showed the writer's political conduct to have been influenced by base motives of avarice, vanity, and selfishness, he really intended it to be made public at some time, as an apology for his political career. The period of the entries extends from March, 1749, to February, 1761. IRELAND, of the Reign of James I., preserved in H. M. Publie Record Office and elsewhere. Edited by C. W. RUSSELL, D. D., and J. P. PRENDERGAST, Barrister at-Law, under the Direction of the Master of the Rolls, and with the Sanction of H. M. Secretary of State for the Home Department. **The Series, of which this is the Fourth Volume, is in continustion of the Irish State Papers, commencing with the Reign of Henry VIII. But for the Reign of James I. the Papers are not confined to those in the Public Record Office of England. London: LONGMANS & CO. and TRÜBNER & CO. Edinburgh: CENTURY: JABEZ writes:-" As the busie lest crux in The Tempest, 10. A MODERN SYMPOSIUM." Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, iii, 1, is now 'positively closed,' allow me to say, as a Notice to Correspondents, that the reading proposed by MR. LEGIS, at 5th S. vii. 224, was given by JABEZ in his summing up at 5th S. vi. 302, and is to be found in Mr. Lord Selborne, Rev. Dr. Martineau, Mr. Frederick Harrison. the Dean of St. Paul's, the Duke of Argyll, Professor Clifford. Subject: "The Influence of a Decline in Religious Belief upon Morality." HENRY S. KING & CO. London. LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 1877. CONTENTS.- N° 171. NOTES:-The One Hundred and Twenty-sixth of Shakspeare's Sonnets, 261-"The Berkshire Lady," 262-The Published Writings of Gilbert White, 264-Tennysoniana-Leigh Hunt and the "New Monthly Magazine," 265 - Dr. Tomlinson, of Newcastle-Price of Stock, Crops, &c., in 1630-An Emendation on a Passage in Carlyle, 266. QUERIES:-Popular Stories-Bursill-Dictionary of English Male and Female Names-Medieval Education-Italian Novels-The Peers Family, &c., 267-Sternhold: HopkinsHeraldic-Arms Wante 1-A Clerkenwell Printer-Mirabeau -"A toad with an R"-Zodiac-Armour last Worn-The Town or Village Oven-A Private Hearse, &c., 268 269. "Honourable"-"Beef-eater," 272-Bernard de Ventadour ,, Authors of Books Wanted-Authors of Quotations Wanted, REPLIES:-The Old Testament: Jewish Authors, 269-"The Christian Economy"-R. Topcliffe, 270-W. Peirpoint, Arm. -The House of Gib, 271-Misuse of Words-The Title -"Move to - Unusual Christian Names - Dryden's "Sophocles"-Bookbinding, 273-"Awaits "-Clergy and Patrons-Death of Edward, Duke of York-Epitaphs-Engravings pasted on Walls—“Balderdash "-St. Stephen, 274 -H. E. Reyntjens-New Year's Eve: Easter Eve-William, Lord Mountjoy-Arms Wanted-Bradshaw the RegicideKylevine Pen-Surname "Coats," 275-"Imp"-Editions of Ben Jonson-Books on Special Subjects -The Regicides Vessels propelled by Horses on Board, 276-Two Copies of the Folio Shakspeare of 163-Bath Bibliography-T. Miller, 277-"Charm "-Church Window "Emblem"-Heraldic -"Keening," 278-Authors Wanted, 279. Notes on Books, &c. Notes. THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SIXTH OF SHAKSPEARE'S SONNETS. As the sonnets are themselves the index to their own interpretation, an analysis of one will help to elucidate many. The above sonnet or verse, changed from quatrains to couplets, and completed in twelve lines, concludes the first part of the poem, and divides it from the second. More strictly speaking, it is a connecting disconnection sufficient in itself, without destroying the unity of the whole, to separate the two beings of a psychological trinity, of which Shakspeare was the third. As in the original edition, all other mark of distinction should be avoided. The delineation of the "man in hue, all hues in his controlling," that intellectual Light, the inspiring Phoebus of the Elizabethans, "Day" as Jonson, "the Genius of this Isle " as Drayton called it, and of his own soul, terminated with the preceding sonnet. As Byron makes Tasso say of his finished Gerusalemme Liberata— "And thou my last creation, my soul's child" -so Shakspeare here addresses this completed portion of his poem-this reincarnation of his true spirit"-this immortalization of what was "best" in him-with 66 "O thou, my lovely boy, who in thy power Dost hold Time's fickle glass, his sickle, hour." The condition of the stage and of his dramas thereunto related had rendered this poem most dear to him; it usurped in his affections the place of his dead son, little Hamnet, with whom all hope of founding a legitimate male line died also. See Sonnet xxxvii. : "As a decrepit father takes delight To see his active child do deeds of youth, So I, made lame by fortune's dearest spite, Take all my comfort from thy worth and truth." To understand the second couplet it is necessary to revert to the eleventh sonnet; therein he says: "As fast as thou shalt wane, so fast thou growest In one of thine from that which thou convertest," which in the outward is a universal protest against. a passage from that inductive section of his poem celibacy, exhaustive of all argument in favour of marriage, in the inward a wooing of the soul or genius to reproduction. That reproduction having been accomplished and the delineation so far ended, he can now write : "Who hast by waning grown, and therein show'st Thy lovers withering as thy sweet self grow'st," a thing which every author can say of the book that has waxed under his hand as the light which inspired it has waned; the book, if it is a good one, remains to go forward with the ever-living soul of the future-the author, with his companion lovers of light and truth, to wither and decay. "If Nature, sovereign mistress over wrack, As thou goest onward still will pluck thee back, She keeps thee to this purpose, that her skill May time disgrace and wretched minutes kill." make time pass pleasantly, is what is generally To disgrace time and kill wretched minutes, to conceived to be the principal object and utility of the book, the romance and poem in particular. We must not, however, forget Shakspeare's two lines, which would make a fitting motto to each and all his plays and poems : "Oh, like a book of sport thou 'It read me o'er, But there's more in me than thou understand'st." As the genius of truth and beauty and knowledge travels onward, inaudible, invisible, the poet and philosopher, the instruments of nature, pluck it back and make it seen and heard, and so nature keeps it to the purpose of shaming time, at least for readers. But it must not be forgotten that Shakspeare here principally alludes to the forward journey through all posterity of this particular poem, his own part and portion of that truth and beauty in whose welfare he was chiefly interested, the mighty gift of whose "dear love" he most esteemed; nor in the passage I am about to quote must the marvellous disintegration of his individual being into multitudinous dramatic separation, good and evil, without stint or fear, be forgotten: "Never believe, though in my nature reign'd |