Ancre (ancora, anchor), 1883, 1918. Candel (candela), 1572, 1965. Ceaster, 768. Deofla (devils), 756, 1680, 2088. Discas (dishes), 2775, 3048. Draca (draco, dragon), 892, 1426, and passim. Giganta (giant), 113, 1562, 1690. Gim (gem), 2072, 1157, 2749. Mil (a mile), 1362. Nefa (nepos, nephew, grandson), 881, 1203, 2170, 2206. Nón (nonæ, noon), 1600. Sealman (psalms, really "songs"), 2460. Stræt (strata, a street, road), 320, 916, 1634. I have used Mr. Arnold's text, and have quoted the exact form of the word as it occurs at one, at least, of the references. The use of Latin words is of more interest and value in this poem than in many early books, since it is not a translation from a Latin work, nor is it a religious work. Moreover, it is worth remark that in almost every case an English synonym of the Latin word occurs in the poem, so that there was no need to use it. The question of "interpolations," which Mr. Arnold mentions in his preface, does not affect any word, since deofla and giganta are found in unsuspected passages as well as in doubtful, and his great "interpolation," lines 2900-3027, is not quoted in my list. Some words may be taken as doubtful; thus I have left out weall (wall), win (wine), as cognate rather than borrowed words. The word orcneas is found in line 112, and is rendered "ghosts," with a note that "Grein suggests the Lat. orcus as its derivation; segn is in line 2957 (rejected by Mr. Arnold, following Grein, in favour of sige, victory), possibly intended by the scribe for signum (cf. Cedmon, 2364, 3056). I do not admit restan (verb) or ræste (subs.), passim, taking them to be uninfluenced by the Latin restare, and I would translate ræste, 2456, "bed or resting place," not "remains," as Mr. Arnold does, thereby giving some colour to the idea of a Latin origin. In line 1600 Mr. Arnold translates nón daeges "the noon of day," but it is much more likely that it means, as of old, "three o'clock, none," as in "priddan sipe on midne daeg, feorban sibe on nóntid" (Blickling Homilies, p. 47), and this would make, I think, much better sense. O. W. TANCOCK. THE NORMAN CROSS BARRACKS (5th S. vii. 108, 216.)-It is true that a foot-note to the "Story of a French Prisoner of War in England," Chambers's Miscellany, vol. xiii. (not vol. vi.), No. 116, states it to be "a translation from the French, which appeared a number of years ago, and has been obligingly placed at our disposal by the proprietor." But this is an error. The story, which might have been written by Defoe or Wilkie Collins, was no translation from the French, but was the production of Mr. H. Bell, a schoolmaster, of Barnwell, near Oundle, Northamptonshire. It was based upon the fact of a prisoner's escape, and the description of the barracks and prison life is very accurate, and is in curious contrast to the misstatements in Mr. Borrow's Lavengro. The story originally appeared in the Stamford Mercury, though I am unable to give the date, and, meeting with much favour, it was published in a pamphlet 66 SIGNATURES OF PEERS (5th S. vii. 249.)—The answer to MR. TOMLINSON'S query would appear to be that-apart from changes in or additions to family names enjoined upon legatees and heirs under testamentary dispositions of property-mere whim or eccentricity, and not any definite rule, has hitherto regulated the mode of signing. Francis Henry Egerton, eighth and last Earl of Bridgewater, one of the oddest fishes amongst the Paris colony of British eccentrics of this century,-affords a notable example in point. He succeeded to his title in 1823; and, although he generally subscribed his name Bridgewater," he not unfrequently subscribed his letters "Ellesmere." He even did so to his steward in England, Mr. Robert Clarke, as late as in 1825. It must have been a pure whim to use the inferior title. It cannot, at all events, be attributed to humility. Besides writing a life of his progenitor, Lord Chancellor Ellesmere, Lord Bridgewater left by will a considerable amount of money to be spent upon the erection of an obelisk to perpetuate the memory of that distinguished nobleman. As one among many proofs of Lord B.'s stupendous egotism may be mentioned his quarrel with his brother, the preceding earl, whom he is related never to have forgiven, because, on his being de-aw" (all); and in the hunting-field, “waar seeds " tained a prisoner at the beginning of the French war, a ransom was arranged for him by exchange, instead of by the payment of one hundred thousand pounds, which was the modest sum at which he estimated himself. FREDK. HENDRIKS, There are many instances of this junction of surname and title. The late Lord Londonderry (then Lord Stewart) on his marriage with Lady Frances Anne, only child of Sir H. Vane-Tempest (by Lady Antrim), and sole heiress of the Vanes and Tempests, assumed the name of Vane, which I think the royal licence said was "to be borne before all titles of honour," or words to that effect. In consequence, he signed his name "Vane Stewart," and afterwards "Vane Londonderry," as does his son the present marquis. A more notable instance presents itself, perhaps, in the poet Lord Byron, who, having assumed the name of Noel in right of his wife, subscribed himself "Noel Byron." A curious subscription was that of the late Lord ARGENT. St. and "waar wheat," unless that means beware. And over-hanging them with mountain sods, Fend in all its other senses is as common here as, according to the new glossaries of the Dialect Society, in the other northern counties. "Fendin and pruivin" (proving) is a term in daily use for neighbours' quarrels and altercations short, I think, of litigation. We "To fend,” v.a., is to make an effort, endeavour, often for subsistence as well as protection. hear of a man's making a good fend, s., or a brave pity or irony. An industrious, thrifty widow is fend, even a poor fend, for a family-the last in called a fendable body. In Scotland a fendy body may be either male or female. The idea of success must be attempted, is shown in our phrase, “You is properly included in the word, as, when a thing must either fend or fail." 66 In Ferguson's Dialect of Cumb. and West., where, singularly, fend is only once mentioned, as v.n., to manage, to make shift, to be careful and industrious," references are given to "Ang.Sax. fandian, to try, prove, search out; Dan. fente, fente, to strive, to acquire with toil and only sense in which it can be neuter seems, as in ," which seem to explain its active uses. Jamieson's and some Yorkshire glossaries, "to fare"; and that we have, or had. Old persons used to say, "How are ye fendin ?" (faring, getting on); "How fend ye?" (How are you?) M. P. care," Cumberland. The DE HOCHEPIED, PORTER, &c. (5th S. vii. 128.)— This recalls a familiar and extensive query ST. GEORGE'S DAY, APRIL 23 (5th S. vii. 289.) In answer to W. H. P., I am not aware of any celebration here of St. George's Day as a national festival. The Urban Club, meeting at St. John's Gate, celebrate the day as the birth and death day of Shakspeare, by a Shakspeare commemoration, under the leadership of some literary man. George's Day is now, as of yore, celebrated in the leading cities of the United States and Canada by the numerous St. George's Societies, which do much to keep fast the bond of fellowship between Old and New England. They have now formed a North American union of St. George's Societies, of which I am a corresponding secretary. I have vainly endeavoured to promote a celebration of the national festival here, and shall gladly co- Huguenot refugee family connexion, and the fact operate with any one for that useful and honour-of how widely and increasingly our titled aristoable purpose. With the death of the last King cracy of this day may claim Huguenot ancestry. George the day has fallen to leeward, and the Amongst the descendants of Isaye Daubuz are the red cross of St. George, "the flag that braved present Earl of Huntingdon and Lord Huntinga thousand years the battle and the breeze," is field, and, through a dau. of Sir James Porter, rarely seen unless in the City of London. second wife of John Larpent, Sir G. A. de Hochepied Larpent, Bart. Mr. Larpent's first wife, Frances Western, was granddaughter of Gabriel Tahourdin (naturalized in England in 1687), amongst whose other descendants may be named the Earl of Milltown, of whose family was a noted beauty of the Dublin vice-regal Court, Lady Cecilia La Touche; Dorothy, first wife of Sir Edmund Head, Bart., who married secondly Mary, daughter of Daniel Raineaux; and Ann, first wife of Sir Hanson Berney, Bart. Amongst the descendants of Claude Amyand are the Earl of Malmesbury; the Earl of Minto, members of whose family have again intermarried with Boileau, Romilly, and 32, St. George's Square, S. W. HYDE CLARKE. FEN (OR FEND?) (5th S. vi. 348, 414; vii. 58, 98, 178, 218.)-We have not this word in the sense of "to forbid," "ward off." It seems in older times to have been used on solemn occasions, as in "Heaven forefend " God forbid (Bailey's Dict.), chiefly perhaps in the North; though this is not in Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary, which gives fend in all its variations, as "to fend aff," and with illustrations. Its equivalents seem to be in Cumberland, among boys at marbles, "bar slips," "bar Portal; Viscount Hereford, Sir W. F. A. Eliott and Sir G. Frankland Lewis, Barts. Among those of Pierre Godde may be enumerated-besides (through the marriage of his father, Henry Vernon, brother to the Countess of Grosvenor referred to, with Margaret Fisher) Mr. Vernon-Wentworth, of Wentworth Castle, whose son-in-law, Col. Thellusson, is again of a Huguenot stock-Sir R. Pigot, Bart., and, through the marriage of Caroline Pigot with Lord Henry Fitzroy, the Countess of Rosslyn and the youthful Lord Loughborough. Connected again with the Goddes was the family of Pierre Debonnaire, from whom derive Lord Monson, Sir Theophilus Metcalfe, Bart., and, through the marriage of Emily Theophila Metcalfe with the fourth Viscount Ashbrook, and that of her daughter with George, sixth Duke of Marlborough, the present Marchioness and Marquess of Camden. Sir George Pigot and Sir Charles Metcalfe were ennobled for their distinguished colonial services, but in each instance the peerage expired with the individual in whose favour it was created, while the baronetcy has continued. Doubtless it would be easy, by a reference to Burke, to swell the list. But my note is perhaps already too long for your columns, and I will only ask to add a query. Can MR. BODDINGTON tell me why M. La Roche took the name of Porter? Many aliens, upon or after their naturalization, preferred to find an English equivalent for, or to adopt another name in lieu of, their foreign patronymic. But England could hardly offer M. La Roche a more thoroughly old English surname than that, less the prefix, he possessed already. 66 New Univ. Club. H. W. "KEMB" (5th S. vii. 208.)-This is O.E. kemben, A.-S. cemban, Germ. kämmen to comb. They will 'kemb' him, i.e. drub him heartily." I have frequently heard angry women of the lower class declare they would, if they caught the brat, "comb" his hair, or 66 comb" him drub him heartily. HIC ET UBIQUE. Halliwell says "kemb" to comb (A.-S.), still He also gives "comb" to cut a person's comb, to disable him. Twenty years ago a very common expression in the west of co. Down was, "I'll comb you, my boy," or "I'll give you a combin' for that." LL.D. P. "GEORGE" AS THE SIGN OF AN INN (5th S. vii. 188.)-In The History of Signboards, by J. Larwood and J. C. Hotten, seventh edition, it is said that it was after the foundation of the Order of the Garter that the George became such a favourite sign. MIDDLE TEMPLAR. "1636. Andover. The whole yeres rent due to the said Bayliffe, approved Men and Burgesses, from Innes and Alehouse keepers there for their sev'rall signes belonginge unto their Innes and Alehouses." "From Hen. Sandys, Esq., for the signe of his Tente called the George, vis. viijd.” In the rental for the freeholders for the same year appears :— "Henry Sandys. From him for a Tente in the high streete called Penytons, nowe the George, late the said Lord Sandys, and leased by him to Alexander Twitchin, Gent., late in the Tenure of John Tarrant and nowe in the tenure of William Bagworth, iiijs." I have just made out the receipt for the present year; it is still the George, and pays the old rent of 4s. yearly. Andover. SAM. SHAW. I am obliged by your note on my query. Is it not rather strange, however, that you do not hear of inns called Andrew in Scotland or Patrick in Ireland, if your solution is correct? I should be more inclined to suppose that the sign derived its origin from the badge of the Garter, the George; and as there certainly used to be a George and Blue Boar-ancient, perhaps, as the reign of Rich. III.-this probably is the case. It is somewhat remarkable that, St. George being our patron saint, it should have been left to to introduce the name of George as a common a foreign family, in the year of our Lord 1714, Christian name into England. H. HOWELL'S LETTERS (5th S. vii. 148, 211.)-I am much obliged to the various correspondents who answered my queries on Howell's Letters. The conjecture of ACHE, that concustable stands for congustable, is confirmed by the fact, of which I have been informed by a friend, that in the third edition, 1655 (my quotations were made from the ninth), the word is congustable. T. LEWIS O. DAVIES. Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton. I presume that by this phrase is meant the cap "PADDINGTON SPECTACLES" (5th S. vi. 308.)-pulled over the eyes of the convicted criminal on the scaffold at Paddington, the old place for capital executions. Its use in Poor Robin's Almanack in connexion with Newgate and Tyburn points to this as the most likely, if not the only, explanation. Shinfield Grove. W. T. M. ST. MARY MATFELON (5th S. vii. 225.)-In a pamphlet, entitled " Whitechapel Rectory Bill: Report and Evidence laid before a Public Vestry of the Inhabitants of the Parish of Whitechapel, Jan. 25, 1849," by the late W. H. Black, F.S.A., I find in the first paragraph the following: "Its other appellation Matfelon seems to have originated in some custom of tolling a bell or the performance of some ceremony on the approach in this parish of felons in their way from the City towards Execution Dock, whereby they were mated, that is subdued, scared, or affrighted, by the tokens of their approaching death." To which is appended the following foot-note:"The attempts to account for this appellation, made by Stow, Pennant, and others, are ridiculous and absurd. The well-known custom at St. Sepulchre's, in regard to the felons condemned at Newgate, serves to confirm the natural etymology of the word Mat-felon. The record of 1336, given in the farther Appendix, affords the earliest instance of it, written thus, Mathefeloun." T. N. BISHOP BURNET AND SWIFT (5th S. vii. 244.)MR. H. A. KENNEDY does not seem to be aware that Swift's notes to Burnet have been published for the most part more than once. The learned editor of Burnet's Life and Times, the venerable Dr. Routh, of Magdalen College, Oxford, states in the preface to his second edition, published in 1833 : "The notes likewise of Dean Swift are there (in Speaker Onslow's copy of Burnet's History) transcribed, taken from his own copy of the History, which had come into the possession of the first Marquis of Lansdowne." "But more than half of Swift's short and cursory remarks have been already given to the public in the twenty-seventh and two following volumes of the European Magazine, yet often altered in the expression. They are shrewd, caustic, and apposite, but not written with the requisite decorum; of six notes omitted by us, three are worded in so light a way, that even modesty forbade their admission." "GOLDA" (5th S. vi. 467; vii. 94.)—I should have prevented the error into which MR. TEW has fallen had I quoted at length the passage in which this word occurs. I say the passage advisedly, for I am not aware that it occurs elsewhere than in the Beauchief charters, and the royal confirmation of them quoted by Cowel. I think MR. TEW will be satisfied that the word does not mean "a mill dam" in the following grant : "Concessi etiam eisdem abbati et conventui quod liberi possint terras suas et terras tenentium, tam liberorum quam nativorum, a goldis mundare per se et suos secundùm consuetudinem in socis de Alfreton et Norton usitatam; et si defectum in emundatione predicta invenerint, quod possint tenentes suos punire, et emendas ab eisdem accipere, sicut ex antiquo per me et antecessores meos consueti fuerant puniri; ita quod nec ego Thomas, nec heredes mei, nec alius per nos, seu nomine nostro, de hujusmodi emundatione intromittemus vel intromittent. Nec etiam predicti abbas et conventus, nec successores sui, nec eorum tenentes, si defectus in emundatione gol darum predictarum in bladis suis vel tenentium suorum inveniatur per me vel heredes meos, de cetero puniantur, graventur, seu calumpnientur, set in his ab omni fatigatione et inquietatione, sine impedimento mei vel heredum meorum, in pace in perpetuum remaneant," &c. The feminine termination of the word golda furnishes a strong proof of its being a weed of some sort. MR. TEW is mistaken in supposing that instead of emundatio one would naturally expect such a word as extirpatio, for emundare is often used by Colomella in the sense of "to weed," e.g. emundare segetes (xi. 2, 7) and emundare pennas gallinæ (viii. 4, 4). I must observe that Beauchief was a Premonstratensian abbey, and it is well known that monks of that order devoted themselves especially to agriculture, and studied the works of Roman writers on husbandry. It is, of course, quite obvious that the meaning which Du Cange, Cowel, Bailey, and perhaps others have given to the word, viz., " a dam in a watercourse," cannot, in the passage I have quoted, be the right one. It is certainly a yellow corn-weed of some kind, and might be either the corn marigold (Chrysanthemum segetum) or the "charlock" (Sinapis arvensis). MR. KIRBY TRIMMER has shown that there is a law in Denmark compelling farmers to eradicate the former. My own observation has taught me that it is the "charlock" or wild mustard to which the charter refers, inasmuch as I have noticed corn fields in the neighbourhood of the abbey quite yellow with it. The above will furnish a striking example of Premonstratensian zeal in the cause of agriculture. S. O. ADDY, M.A. Sheffield. HISTORY OF THE MUSIC SCALE (5th S. vii. 248.) -As a new light has been thrown upon this subject in Chappell's History of Music, ARTHENICE should see it, especially cap. ix. C. W. SMITH. SOCOTRA (5th S. vi. 487; vii. 79, 292.)—I am glad my note has elicited information from a scholar so competent as CoL. PRIDEAUX. I had only read Von Maltzan's papers on the Mahri, and I may suggest that it is possible Von Maltzan is right as to Mahri being spoken in the island of Socotra, for COL. PRIDEAUX says that it belongs to a Mahri sheikh. There still remains the question, according to COL. PRIDEAUX, what the language of the island is. The reference in the Bombay Gazette is too vague, nor would the use of Swaheli words, if true, determine it as Swaheli. St. George's Square, S.W. HYDE CLARKE. "VISIONS OF THE WESTERN RAILWAYS" (5th S. v. 513; vii. 114, 258.)-MR. MIDDLETON has misunderstood my note. This work is dedicated to Sir Charles Lemon. I can see nothing in my note on p. 114 to encourage a notion that he is the author. However, your correspondent's note is of so much value that it must be a source of con gratulation if the misunderstanding has produced it. OLPHAR HAMST. RICHARD BROME'S PLAYS (5th S. vii. 167, 238.) -What does MR. ABRAHAM mean by saying that Dick Brome" appears to have written during the time of the Commonwealth"? It is true that all his plays, except the Northern Lass, the Sparagus Garden, and the Antipodes, would seem to have been published for the first time during that period; but, like his contemporary playwrights, Brome wrote for the stage and not for the closet, and his dramas were necessarily therefore written and acted before the severity of the pious Roundheads closed the theatres. As is said in the preface to the Stive New Plays, published in 1659:"We call them new, because 'till now they never were printed. You must not think them posthumous productions, though they come into the world after the Author's death they were all begotten and born (and own'd by Him before a thousand witnesses) many years since; they then trod the Stage (their proper place) though they passed not the Press." Query, when did Brome die? Having regard to the age in which he flourished, I do not think it fair to describe him as 66 a most indelicate writer." He does not seem to me more "indelicate" than most other Elizabethan and sub-Elizabethan dramatists. MIDDLE TEMPLAR. [Brome died in 1652.] The expression "Amoene Fields" of Brome is evidently, I think, an allusion to the charming passage in the sixth Eneid, where Eneas and his guide, reaching the Elysian Fields,— "Devenere locos lætos, et amana vireta VARIA (5th S. vii. 149, 255.)-2. The French in the Annual Register, and in Toone's Chronological Record, the date of the ceremony is stated to be June 12. EDWARD SOLLY. THOMAS NASH: "SATUM POMORUM" (5th S. vii. 207, 253.)-VIGORN. has certainly not quite correctly filled up the blank in the Clent Church inscription from the Hurdman MS. in the W. Salt Library; for although, to the benefit of the sense, he has put seculo where the MS. gives secundo, yet he has corrected this, unconsciously perhaps, from other sources, with however the slip of making the last word a substantive instead of an adjective. I see no reason to doubt that the writer meant to say that Thomas Nash was a clever man, who had done good to his generation by planting apple trees: "Depositum Tho(ma) Nash, viri ingeniosi et per satum pomorum seculo benefici." T. J. M. STYLE AND TITLE (5th S. iii. 308, 337; vi. 522; vii. 12.)—In reply to MR. WOODWARD'S query, I can give, from memory, the following additional instances of peers' daughters marrying the sons of peers, and not merging their names or precedence in those of their husbands:- Lady Margt. Marsham (afterwards Countess of Romney), daughter of Duke of Buccleuch, married Viscount Marsham; Lady Constance Marsham (present Lady Romney), daughter of Marquis of Hastings, married Viscount Marsham; Lady Elizabeth Lascelles, daughter of Marquis of Clanricarde, married Viscount Lascelles, eldest son of Earl of Harewood; Lady Ulrica Thynne, daughter of Duke of Somerset, married Lord Henry Thynne, son of Marquis of Bath; Lady Rachel Butler, daughter of Duke of Bedford, married Lord James Butler, son of Marquis of Ormonde; Lady Susan Vane Tempest, H. V. Tempest, son of Marquis of Londonderry. daughter of Duke of Newcastle, married Lord ECLECTIC. Ambassador to London in 1777 was Emmanuel Marie Louis, Marquis de Noailles (younger son of the Maréchal Louis, Duc de Noailles), born in VERSES ON THE INADEQUATE POWERS OF POR1743, and died in 1822 (see Biographie Uni-TRAITURE (5th S. iv. 363, 416, 496; v. 238, 497; verselle, 1844, vol. lxxv. p. 413). vi. 276, 370; vii. 38, 136, 213.)-See Decker's beautiful lines: 3. Louis XVI. was crowned at Rheims on Trinity Sunday, June 11, 1775. At the end of a copy of the formal account of the whole ceremony I have a broadside by M. Marmontel, printed at Bordeaux, "chez la veuve Calamy," which gives an interesting account of the proceedings, and the deep effect produced upon all the vast assemblage in the cathedral. He ends thus : "Ainsi s'est passé, ce spectacle auguste et sublime. Un Afriquain en a été presque aussi attendri que nous. Oui, l'Envoyé de Tripoli est devenue Français dans ce moment; j'étois auprès de lui, et je l'ai vu baigné de larmes." A wrong date for the coronation is often given in English books; thus in Boyle's Chronology of the Eighteenth Century the day given is June 7; and "Hip. My Infelices face, her brow, her eie, The dimple on her cheeke: and such sweete skill, Hath from the cunning workmans pencill flowne These lips looke fresh and lively as her owne, Seeming to move and speake. Las! now I see, The reason why fond women love to buy Adulterate complexion: here 'tis read, False colours last after the true be dead. Of all the Roses grafted on her cheekes, Of all the graces dancing in her eyes, Of all the Musicke set upon her tongue, Of all that was past woman's excellence, In her white bosome; look! a painted boord, Circumscribes all: Earth can no blisse affoord. Nothing of her but this? this cannot speake, It has no lap for me to rest upon, No lip worth tasting: here the wormes will feed, |