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The missing word which occurs to me as suiting both sense and scansion is via. If it were not that it is undeserved, I should quote from Love's Labour's Lost, "Viâ Goodman Dull." V. GIBBS.

MAMMALIA (5th S. vii. 207, 236, 255.)-The following may be of interest to H. B. L.:

this is Common Law upon which all kinds of laws are founded. And also, sir, are we obliged to take judicial notice of their law of Holy Church, and in the same way they are obliged to take judicial notice of our law." I must say that Mr. Taylor seems to me more right in his interpretation of this passage than some of the text writers, who misquote it abominably. See a glaring example, 4 Stephen's Commentaries (6th edition), p. 294, in notis. The truth is, as it would seem, that the Chief Justice is not speaking of Holy Scripture at all, but of the civil and canon laws, upon the former of which it is no extravagance to say that touts manieres de leis sont fondes. But, quite apart from the old Year Book, there is abundance of authority-in-state the mental characteristics that are found in a fixed "Speaking generally, the child presents in a passing dependent, modern authority-for the proposition state in primitive civilization, very much as the human that Christianity is "part and parcel of the law of embryo presents in a passing state the physical characEngland." Ses e.g. R. v. Waddington, 1 B. & C. teristics that are found in a fixed state in the classes of 26, and per Kelly C. B. in Cowen v. Milbourne, inferior animals."-M. Taine, "On the Acquisition of L. R. 2 Exch. 230. MIDDLE TEMPLAR. Languages by Children," Mind, April, 1877, p. 259.

Is there not some mistake here, arising from confounding "the ancient Scripture" with the "Ten Commandments"? It is well known that King Alfred placed the Decalogue at the head of his new code of laws. Lingard (Hist. and Antiq. of the Anglo-Saxon Church, vol. ii. p. 221) says: This new code opens abruptly with the twentieth chapter of the Book of Exodus, 'The Lord spake these words unto Moses, and thus said, "I am the Lord thy God," &c. Since that time the Decalogue has been 'part and parcel of the law of England.'"

E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP.

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"The human brain is built up by a wonderful process, during which it assumes in succossion the form of the brain of a fish, of a reptile, of a bird, of a mammiferous quadruped, and, finally, it takes upon it its unique character Hence the remark of Oken, that as a human brain. 'man is the sum total of all the animals."-Hugh Miller's Rocks, p. 214.

"CHAIN OF BEINGS.-Bitumen and sulphur unite earth and metals. Crystallization connects salt with stones. The amianthus and lythonites form a kind of tie between stones and plants. The polypus unites plants to insects. The tape-worm seems to lead to shells and reptiles. The water-serpent and eel form a passage from reptile to fish. The anos-nigar are a medium between fishes and birds. The bat and flying squirrel link birds to quadrupeds. And the monkey equally gives the hand to quadrupeds and man."-Family Herald, June 15, 1844.

RICHARD HEMMING.

The Library, Owens College, Manchester.

SHEEP LED BY THE SHEPHERD (5th S. vii. 345.) -It has always seemed to me that the habit sheep have on the Continent of following the shepherd, instead of being driven before him, is to be accounted for by the presence of the wolf. Wherever the wolf exists, as it does almost everywhere in France, the sheep look upon the shepherd as their protector rather than their enemy, and keep near him for safety. Moreover, the presence of the wolf makes it necessary to fold the sheep at night, and guard them as well, all which must tend to make them more familiar with their shepherd. EDWARD L. Dalton.

Mr. Thomas Tofts, of Tofts Farm, near Cam

bridge, had an old shepherd in his employ, some marching at the head of his flock, the leading eleven or twelve years ago, whom I have seen sheep closely following him and the stragglers bringing up the rear. The first time I saw this, expressing my pleasure to the shepherd at the docility of his flock, he replied, that if I went to church I had most likely heard of the good shepherd, whose sheep followed him because they knew his voice. I noticed, I told him, that in addition to his voice he had a good ally in the rear of his flock, in the shape of a well-trained colley dog. Yes, he said, that was quite necessary, for some sheep were like some men and women, they would stray on the highways and byways for

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A few years ago I happened to be in lodgings at Brussels, on one of the Boulevards, and almost every evening it used to be the delight of all our party to watch on the balcony for a flock of sheep preceded by the shepherd, which passed our windows daily. The shepherd was a tall man (unlike the average Belgian); he always carried a long stick in his hand, which he used as a kind of staff, grasping it in the middle. The traditional sheep dog walked by his side, but on no occasion, that we ever saw, did he interfere with the flock. In perfect silence did the shepherd proceed, and I never remember to have seen him look round after his sheep, or in any way seem to doubt their implicit obedience to his guidance. M. V.

JACOBELLO DEL FIORE (5th S. vii. 368, 396.)"Jacobello del Fiore, peintre de l'école vénitienne, fils de Francesco del Fiore, florissait de 1401 à 1436. Ii dut être élève de son père, qu'il ne tarda pas à surpasser. Dès l'an 1401 il commença à se faire connaitre par un tableau qu'il fit pour l'église Santo-Casciano de Pesaro. Lanzi indique dans la même ville un autre tableau de sa main portant la date de 1409; tous deux étaient signés: Jacopetto de Flor. Son chef d'oeuvre est un Couronnement de la Vierge placé dans la cathédrale de Ceneda, ville de la Marche Trévisane; cette composition, d'une grande richesse de figures, fut exécutée, dit un manuscrit conservé à l'évêché, en 1432, par Jacobello del Fiore, le premier peintre de ce temps, ab eximio illius temporis pictore Jacobello de Flore. Lanzi cite encore une Madone de 1421 appartenant à la galerie G. Manfrin, et une figure de La Justice entre deux lions et deux archanges, portant la date de 1421, et peinte sur une armoire du palais del Magistrato à Venise. Flaminio Cornaro, dans sa description des églises de cette ville, indique un B. Pietro Gambacarto agenouillé, au monastère de Saint Jérôme. Ridolfi attribue aussi à Jacobello une Vierge sur un trône et quatre docteurs peints dans une salle de la confrérie della Carità, aujourd'hui Académie des Beaux Arts; mais ce tableau, qui porte la date de 1446, est

évidemment d'une autre main. Jacobello fut un des premiers à peindre des personnages de grandeur naturelle; il donna à ses figures de la beauté, de la noblesse, et, ce qui était plus rare alors, de la grâce et de la souplesse. Vasari l'accuse à tort de les avoir placées sur la pointe des pieds, selon l'usage des Grecs; personne plus que lui, au contraire, ne s'efforça de s'éloigner de la roideur de l'école Byzantine; s'il tient encore de l'ancienne manière, c'est plutôt par l'abus qu'il fit des dorures en relief que par tout autre défaut. E. B-n.

"Ridolfi, Vite degli illustri Pittori Veneti-Vasari, Vite de Pittori-Lanzi, Storia della Pittura-Baldinucci, Notizie de' Professori des Disegno, giunta di G. Piacenza

Ticozzi, Dizionario."-Nouvelle Biographie Générale, par MM. Firmin Didot frères, vol. xvii., Paris, 1856. CHARLES VIVIAN.

HERALDIC (5th S. vii. 8, 175, 278, 297, 358.)— Feld of Agbrig and Morley. In 1584 John Feld, of Ardeslow, in co. Ebor, Gent., bore Sa., a chev. (plain) betw. three garbes argt. ; crest, a dexter hand ppr. issuing at the wrist from a cloud nobile, and holding a terrestrial globe. John Feld married Jane, daughter of John Amias, of Kent, and had issue Richard, Matthew, Christopher, John, Thomas, William, James, Martin, and Anne. T. W.

THE OLD TESTAMENT: JEWISH AUTHORS (5th S. vii. 221, 269, 351.)-Some useful information on this point will be found in Sephardim: a History of the Jews in Spain and Portugal, by James Finn (Rivingtons, 1841). their writings is given for each century.

A list of writers and

E. LEATON BLENKINSOPP.

"MAULEVERER" (5th S. vii. 344.)-At the above reference S. T. P. derives this name from the word maul, meaning a mace. This is not more probable than the common derivation invented by Wm. Mauleverer, of Arncliffe, who drew up a pedigree of the family in Queen Elizabeth's reign. The true derivation I apprehend to be from Maulevrier, near Caudebec, on the Seine, in Normandy, or from another Maulevrier, near Le Chollet, in La Vendée-probably the latter, as the first of the name I can find is Sir Richard Mauleverer, who founded a priory at Allerton, temp. Hen. II., which king's father was Count of Anjou and Maine. WM. BROWN.

"BALDERDASH " (5th S. vii. 228, 274.)— that a singer or tipler should derive his appellation from "Many words have degenerated. Who would imagine Jupiter? his fellows call him jovial. Our northern gods are respected as little. The vilest of prose or poetry is called balder-dash; now Balder was among the Scandinavians the presiding god of poetry and eloquence." V. W. S. Landor's Im. Con., vol. ii., 1826, Colburn.

F. D.

"INCIDIT IN SCYLLAM," &c. (5th S. vi. 468; vii. 77.)--" This tritest of trite sayings" is referred to by Andrews in his Antient and Modern Anecdotes (London, 1790), p. 307, and as he has given what he says of it:a sort of history of this old proverb, I transcribe

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"The Latin adage, Incidit in Scyllam, cupiens vitare Charybdim,' although it be cited and even disserted upon by Erasmus, yet he acknowledges that he is utterly ignorant of its author. However, Galleotus Martius de Narni (who died in 1476) acquaints us (in his work De Doctrina promiscua) that this celebrated line is to be found in Gualterus Gallus, de Gestis Alexandri, a book almost utterly unknown, but said by the very few who have perused it to be a very indifferent version of Quintus Curtius into Latin verse.'

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Florinda Place, Dublin.

R. W. H. NASH, B.A.

"FODDERHAM": "FODDERGANG" (5th S. vi. 187, 313, 479; vii. 37.)-I send a definition of the latter word and its locality, gained from inquiry of a young woman who said she knew it well. Where? "In Lancashire, where her father had charge of a gentleman's cattle: as a child, she had often gone with him into the foddergang." What was it like? "A long passage between two great shippons, built to face each other; and the heads of each were supplied on opposite sides of the foddergang."

The Cumberland folks must have learnt shippon in Lancashire; byre is our word but did they take, or find there, foddergang? The Imperial Dictionary has "Foddering-passage." The arrangement seems new, belonging to great farms, but the name old, as with us.

What is the meaning of "fodders" in the description of the spoliation of Roche Abbey-first in Fraser, Sept., 1876, and since quoted by MR. PIGGOT, 5th S. vi. 416? Ellis's Letters contains the description by an eye-witness :

"The persons that cast the lead into fodders plucked up all the seats in the choir, wherein the monks sat when they said service, which were like the seats in minsters, and burned them, and melted the lead therewithall, although there was wood plenty within a flight shot of them, for the abbey stood among woods and rocks of stone, in which rocks were pewter vessels found that were conveyed away and there hid," &c.

Cumberland.

M. P.

AUGUSTUS AND HEROD (5th S. iv. 345; vii. 298, 336.)-Will any gentleman who has access to fac-similes of the Vatican and Alexandrine MSS. kindly state whether, in the uncial characters of those MSS., viós appears in a full or in a contracted form? If in the latter, ERATO HILLS'S conjecture would be greatly strengthened. I may add that the Codex Sinaiticus has ovos; but Tischendorf, notwithstanding his high opinion of that MS., in the last (eighth) edition of his New Testament retained the reading viós adopted by him before the existence of the Codex Sinaiticus was known.

Arbuthnott, N.B.

R. M. SPENCE, M.A.

DESCENDANTS OF THE REGICIDES (5th S. vii. 47, 196, 253, 276, 379.)-The Rev. Mr. Robins, an Episcopal clergyman of this city, and who is a descendant of Whalley, recently delivered an address before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, in which he endeavoured to prove that Whalley died in Maryland, and not in New England, as commonly supposed. Philadelphia.

UNEDA.

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NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. On Hospital Organisation, with Special Reference to the Organisation of Hospitals for Children. By Charles West, M.D. (Macmillan.)

IN this country, so remarkable for the large number of charities supported by voluntary contributions, a work on the administration of hospitals can never fail to excite the interest of the public. Dr. West's book has the rare advantage of being written by a gentleman not only of the highest professional standing, but a recognized expert in the economy and management of asylums for the sick. Dr. West is the founder, in fact, of one of the most popular of all the medical charities in London-the Hospital for Sick Children in Ormond Street. This work on hospital organization may, for the above reasons, be looked upon as a text-book which supplies a great want by clearly and systematically explaining how the business of a hospital is, and how it should be, carried on. In scope and in clearness of style it may be placed by the side of the late Dr. Parkes's excellent little treatise on Public Health, brought out a year since, shortly after the lamented decease of the author.

But the

Dr. West commences with a few remarks on the committees of management which rule most of the smaller hospitals. He deplores the absolute want of special knowledge under which the members of these committees labour, and recommends that highly experienced closely scrutinized the testimonials of candidates, and managers should be appointed after the governors have taken the pains to make sure that such certificates have been awarded by medical men or gentlemen connected with hospital management. Dr. West next passes to the subject of the election of medical officers. question concerning nursing is the essence of Dr. West's manual. The author enters deeply into the relative advantages of religious sisterhoods and lay nurses. He endeavours to show that in Catholic countries the hospital sisters never interfere with the lay management of the institutions wherein they attend to the bodily wants doubt, as a rule, very good, though too few. Dr. West of sick folk. The nurses in Paris and Vienna are, no decidedly prefers that nurses should be of the same social caste as their patients. He most justly admires the principle of undertaking nursing for honest wages, which is at least as noble as the sometimes sentimental selfsacrifice of ladies who nurse for nothing. Still, though the deep practicality of rough, experienced women, who are head nurses in the wards of our great endowed hospitals, makes them the very best of their vocation, it seems to us better that the administrative duties of matron and superintendent of nurses should be fulfilled by ladies of good education, where their social position gives them authority over the direct watchers of the sick poor, whereas should these ladies mix more closely with both these latter folk, they would be less respected and more distrusted. Dr. West's remarks on the management of

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (5th S. vii. children's hospitals must be read in full, for quotations 450.)

"Oh! what avails to understand?"

H. M. will find this and several other savage verses in Punch soon after the publication of the New Timon.

would incompletely demonstrate his sound practical remarks on a subject in which he is so much at home. Every charitable person will be benefited by the perusal of the learned author's opinions on the ordering and nursing in institutions for the relief of infant sufferers.

Liber Precum Publicarum Ecclesiæ Anglicana. A Gulielmo Bright, S.T.P., et Petro G. Medd, A.M. Latine redditus. Editio Tertia, cum Appendice. (Rivington.)

Two processes of translation, each of high value to different portions of the Christian Church, are attracting the labours of eminent liturgiologists and theologians. While Professor Friedrich and other distinguished Old Catholic leaders are engaged in giving their people vernacular translations of the offices which they have hitherto known only in the ancient ecclesiastical language of the West, Canon Bright and Mr. Medd have been laying Anglicans under great obligations by their Latin translation of the Book of Common Prayer. The present edition ought to supersede the previous ones, for its value is greatly increased by the versions of the First English Reformed Liturgy and the Scottish and ScotoAmerican Liturgies, now first added to the book. Will not the learned editors add to the obligations under which they have already laid Anglican Churchmen by publishing a cheap edition, if not of the entire work, at least of its new features? We believe that a reprint of the Latin version of the existing English Liturgy of the Eucharist, with the First Reformed, the Scottish, and the American Liturgies in parallel columns, would form in itself an extremely valuable handbook of comparative liturgiology, adapted to meet many needs in the present

state of Christendom.

The Question of Spelling Reform. By Alex. V. W. Bikkers. (Hachette.)

A CONTRIBUTION to a vexed question which is beginning to much vex simple folk, who would fain be allowed to enjoy existing orthoepy, and die in peace-according to the common way of spelling it. Still the Augean stable needs cleaning out, and this sixpennyworth of observations is made towards the effectual doing of it. Illustrated Guide to the War of Sultan, Slav, and Czar.

AN excellent shilling's worth. The book is well compiled, full of information, and with portraits of personages on both sides, which raise a feeling of gratitude that we are not under the hard yoke of either.

Notices of the Services of the 27th Northumbrian Light Infantry Militia. By Wm. Adamson, Senior Captain. (Newcastle, Robinson.)

CAPTAIN ADAMSON's work affords materials towards a full history of our militia. If the halberds of the sergeants were as long as the song on the Northumberland Buffs, the French or any other foeman would never have got much within a furlong of the regiment.

ROYAL ARCHEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE. June 8.-A special meeting of this society was held on this day, in order to afford its members the opportunity of personally welcoming the arrival in this country of Mrs. Schliemann, to whom the honorary membership had recently been presented. Under the presidency of Lord Talbot de Malahide a brilliant and crowded assemblage listened to a paper read by the distinguished visitor on "The High Culture of the Ancient Greeks and the Agents who contributed to it; the Advantages of the Language of Plato; and, further, on the share the Authoress has taken in the Discoveries at Troy and Mycena." Afterwards Dr. Schliemann and Mr. Gladstone addressed the meeting on the same subject, and also on the question of Greek pronunciation. Lord Houghton, Mr. Charles Newton, and the Greek Minister followed.

SHAKSPEARE AND FLOWERS.-As Falstaff's wit was provocative of wit in others, so the charm in every phase of Shakspeare's mind evokes pleasant speculation in other minds. The manner in which our great dramatist brings his knowledge of "baleful weeds" and his love for

"precious-juiced flowers" to bear upon his varied and mighty themes, has lately been pleasantly illustrated in a series of papers in The Garden, written by Mr. H. N. Ellacombe, the son of an accomplished and learned antiquary, whose contributions often enrich these columns. Those who share our admiration for Shakspeare and flowers will thank us for calling attention to these pleasant bits of gossip on "The Plant Lore of Shakspeare."

has most opportunely added to his valuable series of THE CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF ST. ALBANS.—Mr. Murray Handbooks to the Cathedrals of England one which in brief compass and clear details gives a history of the foundation of the Abbey of St. Albans, and of the existing building. It is, however, a history which, in truth, begins with the church built by Offa of Mercia in 793, which edifice was standing in 1077, the year of Paul of Caen, the first Norman abbot. Paul (with the ruins of Roman Verulamium for a quarry, and with material supplied by the old Saxon church which was pulled down, added to other materials long stored up by former abbots with a view to rebuilding) completed, in eleven years, "the vastest and sternest structure of his age." It was not dedicated till 1115. The festivities on that occasion were continued rather longer than those which marked the inauguration or installation of the Right Rev. Dr. Claughton as Bishop of St. Albans (a new diocese) on Tuesday. At the dedication in 1115, “Henry I. and his queen were present. There was a great concourse of nobles, bishops, and abbots, and the whole company remained feasting at St. Albans through Christmastide to the Epiphany." It is, perhaps, to be regretted that the particular solemnity of Tuesday was not shared in by some royal presence, the occasion was so "especial." It must be remembered, however, that royalty has many duties, and that even princes and princesses, with all good will, are not ubiquitous.

Notices to Correspondents.

ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

L. BARBE.-For Elizabethan English, see Nares's Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright, 2 vols. 8vo., 1859. For older English (ie. of twelfth to fifteenth centuries), Stratmann's Old English Dictionary, second edition, 4to., 1873.

T. O.-Scott did not forget there was such a Bible. read a chapter excepting out of a Cambridge Bible, In Redgauntlet, Mrs. Cantrips of Kittlebasket " never printed by Daniel, and bound in embroidered velvet."

M. P. and all Correspondents will greatly oblige us by writing their Notes, Queries, and Replies on separate sheets of paper.

DAVID MARSHALL ("Guillaume Tostel.")-Pray for ward the query.

GEOFFREY AGUILLUN (5th S. vii, 449.)-For tenure, read tenor.

SEBASTIAN.-Next week.

"CASTRA IN AQUIS."-Please send name and address.

NOTICE.

Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 2), Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1877.

the Great, 486.

CONTENTS. - N° 182.

"

NOTES:-The French Coup d'Etat of 1830, 481-Shakspeare's Measures of Length and Space, 482-The Wooing of King Authari-Forename and Surname Books, 483-Early Printing in Calcutta, 484-Parnell's "Hermit"-Dr. Johnson and Mrs. Hannah More, 485-Singular Advertisements - An Order for a Medieval Brass at Salisbury-Local Nomenclature -Alleged Autograph Play by Shakspeare-Napoleon QUERIES:-Charles and Mary Lamb's "Poetry for Children," 486-Wellington's "State of Stupor" at Waterloo, 487-King Stephen-"The Dutch drawn to the Life "-"Luck Money' -Whitsunday-Things in General," &c-Shakspeare, 488 -The Forfeits in a Barber's Shop-The Royal George-City Tolls-Authors of Books and Quotations Wanted, &c., 489. REPLIES:-Edward Gibbon and John Whitaker, 489-Scott Family, 490-Hugh de Poynings, 491-Temple Bar "Ratch": "Wise," "492-Burning Heretics-MS. Letters of Milton - "To light of "-Field Mice-Calls to the Bar Fowler Families-Lady Hamilton-A., Knox-Marlow's "Faustus," 493-"Lancashire Memorials "-A Fisherman's Sermon-"Dyed in an oven"-H. Nott-S. Usticke"Than," 494-Ballad Literature-P. Stubbs-Halévy-Fen -The Dollar Mark - Heraldic, 495-Jocky Bell-"Philistine"-Scotch Hereditary Offices-Polygamy-A Libel on Pepys-Signs of Satisfaction, 496-A Folk-Lore Society"Pinder"-Lapis Lyncurius-Historic Sites in EnglandAnne Franks, or Day-Rev. R. Taylor-"The grim feature"

-Curious Errors caused by Homonymy, 497-"Evertit domum "-Ostensis - Sarawak - Jedburgh Abbey Seal-Miss Ceulen-Popular Names of Fossils-The Great Waterfalls of the World" Minnis "-Authors of Quotations Wanted, 499.

Bowes, 498- Barry E. O'Meara - Cornelius Jonson van

Notes on Books, &c.

Notes.

THE FRENCH COUP D'ETAT OF 1830.

In the spring of last year the well-known and highly esteemed M. Maxime Du Camp wrote, in the Moniteur Universel, a review of a work entitled Mémoires Authentiques sur la Révolution de 1830. It will be remembered that in the year named the parliamentary majority was, so to speak, entirely out of tune with the royal prerogative. To preserve the latter, resolution was taken by the Prince de Polignac to issue the famous Ordonnances. This minister had promised the Maréchal de Bourmont to keep the resolution unacted on till that soldier had returned from his conquest of Algiers, with an armed force against which all opposition would be fruitless. The Prince de Polignac, however, suddenly resolved upon action. His colleague, M. d'Haussez, expressed some alarm lest the available military force should be insufficient to quell the very probable circumstance of an insurrection by the irrepressible people of Paris. His alarm was not diminished when he learned that the Paris garrison could furnish only 7,500 men, more than half of whom consisted of troops of the line, on whose stability little reliance could be placed. M. Maxime Du Camp tells us what followed. We translate the narrative from the Intermédiaire of the 10th current, where the story at length is quoted. The portion which is

most worthy of being "made a note of" is in the following passage :

"M. d'Haussez loudly remonstrated, and energetically declared that it would be rank folly to play such an adventurous game with inadequate means. The Prince de Polignac replied [the ministers were in council, the king presiding], that for reasons which he could not make known, but with which the king was acquainted, he could not allow himself to entertain the smallest doubt as to the result of the undertaking. He was determined, he said, to play the game out, although there were not a single soldier in Paris. He added that his conviction was not to be shaken, being based on a fact that was above all human argument. Charles X. bowed his head affirmatively, saying, at the the king closed M. d'Haussez's mouth, who ceased same time, 'That is quite true.' This sic jubeo of to offer any further objection.

"What, then, was the extraordinary fact which destroyed all the calculations of wisdom, blinded all foresight, and stupidly flung king and statesmen into a pass from which they could find no issue? In the early days of July the Virgin had appeared to Prince de Polignac in a dream, saying to him, ' Complete your work!' The prince did not fail to make the king acquainted with this miraculous intervention, and both of them saw in it irrefutable proof that success would crown the attempt. This circumstance, which is all the worthier of consideration as it is now made known for the first time, may still excite wonder, notwithstanding what is known of the feeble mind of him whom Chateaubriand described as 'a mute fitted to bowstring an empire.""

There remains to be noted the authenticity of this story. M. Du Camp proceeds to show that it is not an invention of an enemy of the altar and the throne." The singular anecdote was told him by the celebrated Legitimist lawyer, Berryer, and Berryer had it from the lips of Prince de Polignac himself. In 1846, a year before the prince's death, the fallen statesman still justified his attempt to save the royal prerogative of the Bourbon king, by crushing the civil and religious liberties of his countrymen by a stroke of the pen. He was then wont to say (and no doubt sincerely, from his point of view), "In presence of such and so glorious an apparition, any hesitation on my part would have been criminal."

The character of M. Du Camp and that of M. Berryer may be taken as ample warrant for the truth of the above narrative. The most creditable incident in the prince's life belongs to the year 1804, when he and his elder brother, Armand, were implicated in the conspiracy of Georges. Jules offered himself for execution in place of his brother, who was both husband and father. The only penalty inflicted on both was imprisonment. The prince (Jules) was well known in this country,

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