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The same churchwardens, Nov. 8, 1726, entered into an agreement with Mr. Langley Bradley for altering the clock and adding chimes for ten bells, and on the back of the document it is recorded,

Aug. 3, 1727, that Mr. L. Bradley received 1491. 158., in addition to the sum of five shillings, paid at the sealing of the contract. The deed mentions that eight tunes were to play in the twenty-four hours, viz., at the hours of three, six, nine, and twelve. The quarters were to be made to strike on the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth bells, and the hours on the great bell with repetition immediately after on the "saint's bell."

From the date thereon the treble bell appears to have been renewed in 1732. And at vestry meetings held in Jan., 1750, the fourth and eighth bells were ordered to be recast by Mr. Lester, bell founder.

The inscriptions on the ten bells, according to information furnished by the belfry keeper in this present year, 1877, are as follows:

1. Treble and smallest bell, "R. Phelps, Fecit 1732." 2. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726."

3. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726."

FORENAME AND SURNAME BOOKS.
(Concluded from p. 484.)

Karlsruher namenbuch. Die einwohnernamen der residenzstadt Karlsruhe nach ihrer bedeutung geordnet und erklärt. Von C. W. Fröhner. Karlsruhe, 1856, Müller. 8vo. Not seen.

The proper names of the Old Testament scriptures
expounded and illustrated. By the Rev. Alfred Jones.
London, S. Bagster & Sons.-1856. 4to. pp. viii-384.
Christian names. The C. N. in general use, with their
various meanings, translated from the original into
English. Printed and published by J. Waters. London.
|—1856. A folio sheet, 216 Christian names and 15 High-
land Clan names, with meanings.
Tre-

die bind. Christiania. Chr. Tonsbergs forlag. 1857.—
Norskt Maanedsskrift udgivet af P. A. Munch.
8vo. Trykt af H. I. Sorum. Pp. 1-64; 122-166; 239-
274; 346-373; 438-459; 481-498." Om betydningen af
vore nationale navne tilligemed vink angaaende deres
rette skrivemaade og udtale. (Af Udgiveren.) Of the
meanings of our national names, with hints on their
proper spelling and pronunciation. (By the editor)

Beiträge zur kunde germanischer personennamen.
Von Franz Stark. Wien, 1857. Svo. Not seen.

An etymological dictionary of family and Christian names. With an essay on their derivation and import. By William Arthur [of Newtonville, New York]. New

4. "T. Lester, Fecit. Henry Burt & Daniel Taylor York, Sheldon, Blakeman & Co., 1857-Stereotyped by

Churchwardens, 1750."

5. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726." 6. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726." 7. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726." 8. 66 Thomas Lester, Fecit. Taylor Churchwardens, 1750." 9. "R. Phelps, Fecit 1726."

Thomas B. Smith. Printed by J. J. Reed. 8vo. pp. 300.
Pp. 5-43, Essay on surnames; 46-270, Abc list of sur-
names; 273-300, Abc list of forenames.

The family names of the folks of Shields traced to
Henry Burt & Daniel their origin; with brief notices of distinguished persons.
To which is appended a dissertation on the origin of the
Britannic race. By William Brockie. South Shields,
T. F. Brockie & Co., 1857. 8vo. pp. 114. Not sten
(V. and S. Shields Gazette, Dec. 24, 1857.)
Suffolk surnames. By Nathaniel] Ingersoll] Bow-
ditch.
John Wilson & Son, 1857.-8vo. pp. 108.
Not published. Boston [U.S.A.], printed by

10. Tenor and largest bell, "Richard Phelps made me 1726. Messrs. James Hebert, Charles Ball, Churchwardens."

The bells have been from time to time repaired by Messrs. Mears, of Whitechapel, and also by Messrs. Warner, of Cripplegate. The bells, which are considered a light sweet-toned peal, are rung on Christmas Day, Easter Day, Ascension Day (when the triennial perambulation of the parish boundaries takes place), Whit Sunday, the Queen's birthday, and other special occasions, the ringers, who belong to the "Society of College Youths," being allowed two guineas each time by the churchwardens on behalf of the parish.

In the scheme for the union of the benefice of St. Dionis Backchurch with that of All Hallows, Lombard Street, as sanctioned by the Queen in Council last October, it is provided that when the union has taken effect the ten bells shall be re-erected in the tower of All Hallows' parish church.

As for the chimes, they have long ceased to play, and not a vestige of the machinery remains in the steeple. People remember, however, that some forty years ago or more, "Life let us cherish" was among the tunes they used to play. The vestry minute books and parish ledgers show that the chimes were a source of much expense. Probably the parish got tired of paying for the repairs. LONDINENSIS.

Surnames [second edition]. B. Homer Dixon. For private distribution. Boston, 1857.-J. Wilson & Son, printers. 8vo. pp. xxxii-86. Supplement. Toronto, C. W., 1858. Maclear & Co., printers. Svo. pp. 87-94. Blackwood, 1858.-Shaw & Danks, printers. The book of many [sur-]names. London, James pp. 78. The name and address of the compiler are cuché in the body of the work.

12mo.

Suffolk surnames. By Nathaniel] I[ngersoll] BowFields, 1858.-John Wilson & Son, printers. ditch. Second edition, enlarged. Boston, Ticknor & pp. xvi-384. Pp. 269-383, Surname index.

Svo.

English surnames and their place in the Teutonic family. By Robert Ferguson [of Carlisle]. George Routledge & Co., London and New York, 1858.R. & J. Steel, printers, Carlisle. 8vo. pp. (ii)-x-430. introductory inquiry into their origin and use. Surnames metrically arranged and classified; with an By Thomas Clark [of Guildford]. London, Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1859.-Gardner & Stent, printers, Guildford. 12mo. pp. x-72.

of ordinary Christian names of men and women. By "What's in a name?" Being a popular explanation T. Nickle Nichols [.e. Thomas Nichols]. London, Routledge, 1859.-Savill & Edwards, printers. 8vo. pp. 128, 18. 876 names.

Concerning some Scotch surnames. [By Cosmo Innes.] Edinburgh, Edmonston, 1860.-Dedication signed C. 1.

4to. pp. vi-70.

Patronymica Britannica: a dictionary of the family names of the United Kingdom. Endeavoured by Mark

Antony Lower. London, J. R. Smith, 1860.-G. P. Bacon, printer, Lewes. 8vo. pp. (iv)-xl-444, portrait.

Suffolk surnames. By Nathaniel] Ingersoll] Bowditch. Third edition. London, Trübner, 1861.-John Wilson, printer, Boston, U.S.A. 8vo. pp. xxvi-758, portrait. Pp. 497-757, Surname index.

History of the names of men, nations, and places in their connexion with the progress of civilization. From the French of Eusebius Salverte [i. e. Anne Joseph Eusèbe Baconnière - Salverte]. Translated by Louis] Henry] Mordacque. London, J. R. Smith, 1862-[64].2 vols. 8vo. Vol. i. printed by R. & R. Clark, Edinburgh; vol. ii. printed by Whittingham & Wilkins, London. I. pp. xii-368; II. pp. viii-448. Folding map. History of Christian names. [By Charlotte Mary Yonge.] London, Parker, 1863.-G. Phipps, printer. 2 vols. 8vo. I. pp. cxliv-446; II. pp. viii-504. About 9,000 names.

What is your name? A popular account of the meaning and derivation of Christian names. By Sophy Moody. London, R. Bentley, 1863.-Spottiswoode & Co., printers. 8vo. pp. x-314. About 2,000 names.

Harper's new monthly magazine. New York, Harper Brothers.-8vo. Vol. xxviii. (Dec., 1863), pp. 95-101, What's in a [fore]name? By Louise E. Furniss.

The Teutonic name system applied to the family names of France, England, and Germany. By Robert Ferguson [of Carlisle]. London, Williams & Norgate, 1864.R. & J. Steel, printers, Carlisle. 8vo. pp. xvi-608. Name indices, French, English, German.

Personal names in the Bible. Interpreted and illustrated by W[illiam] F[rancis] Wilkinson. London, A. Strahan, 1865.-Ballantyne & Co., printers, Edinburgh. 12mo. pp. xii-556.

Harper's new monthly magazine. New York, Harper Brothers.-8vo. Vol. xxxii. (Dec., 1865), pp. 51-56, Names of men. By M. Schele De Vere.

Ludus patronymicus; or, the etymology of curious surnames. By Richard Stephen Charnock. London, Trübner & Co., 1868.-Charles Jones, printer. 8vo. pp. xvi-166.

Die Kosenamen der Germanen. Eine studie von Dr. Franz Stark. Mit drei excursen: 1. Ueber zunamen; 2. Ueber den ursprung der zusammengesetzten namen; 3. Ueber besondere Friesische namensfornamen und verkürzungen. Wien, Tendler & Co., 1868.-Carl Gerold's sohn, printer. 8vo. pp. (iv)-192.12.

Remains concerning Britain. By William Camden, Clarenceux, King of Arms. London, J. R. Smith, 1870. -Whittingham & Wilkins, printers. 8vo. pp. xvi-446. A reprint of "The seventh impression, 1674." Pp. 52109, Christian names; 109-171, Surnames. A volume of a "Library of Old Authors."

Patronymica Cornu-Britannica; or, the etymology of Cornish surnames. By Richard Stephen Charnock. London, Longmans, 1870.-Charles Jones, printer. 12mo. pp. xvi-160.

Our English surnames: their sources and significations. By Charles Wareing Bardsley. London, Chatto & Windus. -1873. Savill, Edwards & Co., printers. 8vo. pp. xii

544.

Lettres sur l'histoire de France par [Jacques Nicolas] Augustin Thierry. Nouvelle édition. Paris, Garnier Freres.-1873 (?). Edouard Blot, printer. 8vo. pp. iv. 440. Short title, Euvres de Augustin Thierry, I. Pp. 436-437, Explication des noms franks d'après les racines de l'ancien idiome tudesque. Thirty-two forenames. After Grimm (J. L. C.), Deutsche grammatik, Göttingen, The Norman people and their existing descendants in the British dominions and the United States of America. London, H. S. King & Co., 1874.-Spottiswoode & Co.,

1822.

printers. 8vo. pp. xvi-484. Pp. 131-452, Alphabetical series of Norman names and families, from the London Post Office Directory; pp. 457-484, Index of mediæval

surnames.

English surnames: an essay on family nomenclature, historical, etymological, and humorous. By Mark Antony Lower, M.A. Fourth edition. London, J. R. Smith, 1875.-Billing & Sons, printers, Guildford, Surrey. 2 vols. 8vo. I. pp. (ii)-xxviii-276; II. pp. vi-272. Surname index.

British Museum MS. Additional, 24618, nineteenth cent., small 4to., paper, ff. 119: On the personal nomenclature of the English nation. By the Rev. Joseph Hunter, F.S.A. Containing an essay read apparently before the Bath Institution, with various collections relating to nomenclature, lists of names arranged according to their derivation, &c.

SHAKSPEARIANA.

F. W. F.

"OLD UTIS" (5th S. vii. 423,465.)-The explanation of utis (2 Henry IV. Áct ii. sc. 4, 1. 18) as "merriment," from "utas, an octave," is not satisfactory, as D. C. T. says, though it appears to have been accepted by many critics. But surely he has himself gone very far afield into Utopia to fetch ovTIS to our help. The word is, I think, best found in which several forms occur in early English writers. the Low Latin huesium, or hutesium, an outcry, of It is in The Owl and the Nightingale (thirteenth century), 1. 1696:

"Ar ich utheste uppon ow grede," "till I cry hue upon you."

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In the Promptorium Parvul. is, owtas, crye, tumultus"; and Mr. Way's note quotes from Robert of Brunne (fourteenth century):

"Sipen lete him down eft, and his hede of snyten, And born to London brigge fulle hie with outheys." And from Chaucer, Knight's Tale, 1. 2014:"Yet saw I woodnesse laughing in his rage,

Armed complaint, outhees, and fiers outrage." The Cambridge MS., six-text edition, here reads outes.

In the Paston Letters, A.D. 1451 (Arber, i. 186), "God graunte that an outas and clamour be made upon the Lord Scalez."

The Latin word is pretty common. The writ "de forma pacis conservanda," A.D. 1233, has, "levent clamorem et uthesium"; the Petition of the Barons, A.D. 1257, "huthesia"; a writ of the Assize of Arms, A.D. 1252, "hutesium levent" (Stubbs's Documents illustrative of English History, pp. 353, 376, 363). Abundant information may be found in Ducange or Dufresne under Huesium. The usual etymology is French huée, huer, to cry; hu, a cry. Dufresne quotes, "le cri leverent et le hu"; and Littré quotes, "li cris et la huée" (twelfth century). Dr. Morris, Specimens of Early English, p. 406, in a note on the passage in The Owl and the Nightingale, gives "ut-hest, ut, has, a command"; and Dr. Strattmann seems to be of the same opinion, since he places the word

in the list of compounds of ut, out. But I should think it probable that the word is the French and Latin law term Englished into a form which had a meaning, and suggested a false English origin. I do not know of an English uthest or uthes early enough to make Dr. Morris's derivation secure. take it, then, that Shakspeare meant, "Here will be hue and cry, a fine disturbance."

I

The utas, an octave, is not uncommon, and the dictionaries which omit the word in its other sense keep it longer in this, e.g. Minshew; Halliwell quotes it from Palsgrave.

I find, "Than toke thei day to-geder the utas after, and com, and thus thei soiourned alle the viii dayes full" (Merlin, p. 449). It is octesimum, hutiesme; and the two words hutesium and hutiesme would very naturally wear down into forms almost or quite alike, whether outes, utas, utis, or something like these. O. W. TANCOCK. Sherborne.

I thank JABEZ for pointing out a coincidence which was perfectly accidental.

Will H. C. C. pardon me for saying that whilst he speaks of many other instances of the word (presumably utis in the sense of clamour) he has given us none yet? I do not doubt that such instances are forthcoming, but between the passage from Bracton and Shakspeare's Utis there is still a wide gulf to be bridged over. D. C. T.

In my quotation from Bracton "hutesinen should be "hutesium." An old English form of the word was outhees. Chaucer (The Knighte's Tale) says:

"Armed complaint, outhees and fiers outrage."

H. C. C.

"TEMPEST," ACT II. sc. 1, L. 250 (5th S. vii. 143, 324.) When J. S.'s punctuation and explanation of this crooked passage first appeared in the Cambridge edition, they struck me at once not merely as being clever and ingenious, but as having in their favour all the probabilities of a correct exposition. What has surprised me is the number of persons who say they do not understand them, and these persons not alone the young students of the poet: J. S. refers to two people

thus situated in his note at the latter reference; and a veteran Shakspearian, who has studied and taught the poet to classes for thirty years, and who is himself an accomplished editor of his works, writes me as follows:-" Of that conjecture I can make nothing whatever, though I have tried long and hard." In correspondence with this gentleman, I have come to the conclusion that the words "She that" have been repeated once too often, and that the sense of the passage requires a full stop after "razorable," the speaker having finished his say about Claribel and thence passed on to another point. Then, instead of

"She that from whom," by substituting "She
'twas for whom" (i.e., owing to, or on account of,
whom), Antonio's language, as well as the drift of
his argument, becomes easy and intelligible :-
"Antonio.
Then tell me

Who's the next heir of Naples?
Sebastian.

Claribel.

Ant. She that is Queen of Tunis; she that dwells Ten leagues beyond man's life; she that from Naples Can have no note, unless the sun were post,The man i' th' moon's too slow,-till new-born chins Be rough and razorable. She 'twas for whom We all were sea-swallow'd, though some cast again, And by that destiny to perform an act," &c. In his hyperbolical style he says that, as Queen of Tunis, Claribel's kingdom is so far distant from Naples a man might travel all his lifetime, and then have ten leagues more to go in order to reach it; to say the least, no letter of the news of Ferdinand's drowning could get there "till newborn chins were rough and razorable," unless the sun himself should undertake to carry the mail. Then he goes on to imply that as Claribel has been the occasion of what has befallen them, they need not scruple to step between her and the Neapolitan throne; and with villainous craft he intimates that by the recent strange events Sebastian and himself are marked out, as by destiny, for some mighty achievement or some peerless honour.

It has always seemed to me that the sentence in the old text requires a different construction in its latter clause from that in the first; and the reading I advocate, while it makes all clear, affords Antonio an additional ground upon which to base his vile insinuations. The change of text is of the slightest. In the old copies no mistake is more common than that of from for for, and vice versâ; and the repetition of "She that" might readily be made by the compositor, owing to the expression having been used three times in the preceding four lines. I will only add that I am indebted to the Rev. H. N. Hudson, M.A., of Cambridge, Mass., for the suggestion of "She 'twas" in the above

emendation.

Zanesville, Ohio, U.S.

J. C.

THE "LEGEND OF THE CROSSBILL."-Schwenck

feld's Theriotropheum Silesia can hardly be a very common book,* or one in which most people

Its title in full is:-"Therio- | trophevm Silesiæ, In qvo animalium, hoc est, qvadrupedum, reptili| um, avium, piscium, | insectorum natura, vis & usus

sex libris | perstringuntur: | Concinnatum & elaboratum |á | Casp. Schvvenckfeld | medico hirschberg. | Omnibus Philosophiæ, Medicinæ & Sa- Initatis studiosis profu- | turum. | Lignicii | Jmpensis Davidis Alberti Bibliopola Uratis L. Anno MDCIII." 4to. pp. 24 (unnumbered), 563-on the verso of the last is printed a page which ought to have been inserted between 69 and 70. To this follow three pages of errata, unnumbered; and the colophon is:-"Lignicii | Jmprimebat Nicolaus | Sartorius. Anno C. MDCIIII."

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Obvia Naturæ rerum vestigia mentis

Certe suæ impressit conditor ipse Deus.
Inq; feris qvæ mente carent, & moribus harum,
Qvæ fugienda homini, quæq; seqvenda monet.
Est Avibus pietas inter se, est gratia qvædam,
Et suus in Dominos est amor atq; fides.
Id docet exemplo volucris pia & advena qvædam,
Christiferæ gestans æmula rostra Crucis;
Tempore natalis Christi parit: inde triumphi
Tempore per sylvas agmina vesca volant.
Cum reliqvæ indulgent ovis, hæc usibus apta est.
Nec nulla in cantu gratia inesse solet.
Fert etiam imperia, atq; agnoscit herilia jussa,
Et cavet infantes ne mala Luna premat.
Orta sagax noctu increpitat vulcania damna,
Matribus & fætus non sinit esse graves.
Fama est, has rostro tentasse revellere clavos,
In cruce pendentem qvi tenuére Deum.
Si qva crucis Christi stat imago lignea tectis,
Insidunt, clavos & ruere ore parant.
Fama pium affectum notat, & qva novimus illas
Præ reliqvis Avibus laude vigére, fidem.
Vix uno servata die duo nominis hujus

Forrét mihi ex cavea plumea turba volat.
Itq; reditq; viam in sylvas, rursumq; freqventat
Tecta, suum plenus dum facit annus iter.
Ergo me cantus monet, & pietatis imago

In cruce, qvo Christi sim memor ipse Crucis. Aeqvo animo perferre Cruce, & dare præmia laudum, Par est, qvos salvos Crux tua Christe facit." I do not profess to know anything about the author of this poem, or whether there is an older version of the fable. Neither Gesner nor Aldrovandus seems to notice it. ALFRED NEWTON. Magdalene College, Cambridge.

SWEDISH EMENDATED EDITION OF HORACE. The editor states, in his preface, that he is fully prepared for the storm of indignation with which this edition will be received at first, but at the same time convinced that, after the lapse of ten at the most, twenty years, it will be preferred to all others. The title is as follows:

or,

"Q. Horatii Flacci Carmina Lyrica. Ex Intima Artis Critica Præceptis emendata Edidit et Commentariis Criticis Exegeticisque instruxit Nicol. Guil. Ljungberg, Doct. Phil. apud regium gymnasium Gotoburgense constitutus Eloquentiæ et Poesis Romanæ Lector. Carolstadii, 1872."

As specimens of this extraordinary production, I subjoin the commencement of the first and second odes of the First Book :

"Mæcenas, video, tam edita regia

Quod det præsidium et quale decus. Tamen
Sunt quos curriculo in pulverem Olympicum
Colla egisse jugi metaque fervidis

Corrected to "Forté" in errata.

Intentata rotis palmaque ovata fert,
Quo dulcedo animos evehit ad deos
Huic, si-nobile par !-aula Quiritium
Certantem geminans tollit honoribus:
Illi si proprium condit, ut haud reus
Quidquid de Libycis versum ierat reis."
"Jam satis terrorum abiit. Deorum
Non dies miscet pater hac rubente
Dextera, sacras jaculans qua in arces
Terruit Urbem,

Terruit gentes, grave ne viderent
Seculum Pyrrhæ nova monstra gustans,
Omne quum præter solidum actum et ustos
Viscera montes

Piscium summa genus hæsit ulmo,
Nata quæ sedes volucri colono, et
A superbo ictæ pavide natarunt
Equore damæ.

Vidimus quacum Tiberim retortis
Litore Etrusco violenter undis
Ire dejectum monumenta regis
Templaque justi,

Dum Iliæ nomenque genusque questæ
Jactat ultor se vagas, hac sine ira
Labi iter tritum jubet, en probans nos,
Uxor et amnem.'

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HENRY HENNELL, 1842.-Men of science were much shocked in London on the 4th of June, 1842, by the report that Henry Hennell, F.R.S., the talented and much respected chemical operator at Apothecaries' Hall, had been literally blown to pieces that morning by an explosion of fulminating mercury. He was mixing in a china bowl several portions of the powder, so as to render the whole, which was required for a large military order, of a uniform colour, when the contents of the basin exploded, and he was instantly killed. At the inquest, which was held on the 6th of June, it was stated that all the upper part of Mr. Hennell's body was shattered, and the fragments cast to a distance. One arm was found on the roof of the Apothecaries' Hall, and a finger was picked up in Union Street, more than a hundred yards distant. It has recently come to my knowledge that in the year 1859, that is, seventeen years after this sad accident, when some repairs were made to the roof of No. 3, Crescent, Blackfriars-which was then in the occupation of the Eagle Insurance Company, and was shortly afterwards swept away to make room for the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway -there was found in one of the leaden gutters a human arm, or rather the bones of one, which had evidently been there many years. From the few facts which I have been able to gather, I think it very probable that these bones were part of the remains of the lamented Mr. Hennell; and if this were so, we have a yet further evidence of the terrific force of the explosion which killed him, as the place where the bones were found was about

EDWARD SOLLY.

130 yards distant from, and nearly forty feet above the Talmud was vigorously pursued in the ancient the level of, the site of the explosion. cathedral town more than seven hundred years ago. M. D. DAVIS. THE PAPAL TIARA.-Like the crowns of other SUWARROW'S "DISCOURSE UNDER THE TRIGpotentates, it is sumptuously ornamented with GER."-The celebrated Russian field-marshal, Suprecious stones, and set off with a beautiful dia-warrow, wrote a military tractate called Discourse mond. The cupola is formed of eight rubies, under the Trigger; or, Catechism. The following twenty-four pearls, and an emerald. The cross is extracts from it, given by Southey in his Commoncomposed of twelve brilliants. The lappets (queues) place Book (3rd S. 774), are characteristic of the are of rubies and pearls. Two golden bands retain sanguinary commander in question, who seems to it in position when worn. The principal diamond have been specially heedful, in his instructions to in the tiara has an eventful history. It once de- his soldiers, as to the proper mode of fighting corated the brow of the Grand Mogul, of whom it against the Turks :--was purchased by Charles the Rash, of Burgundy, and was abandoned by him, together with other valuables, at the battle of Granson, 1476. Found under a waggon by a soldier, he rejected it as worthless, but, afterwards altering his opinion, again picked up what he thought was but a fragment of crystal, and sold it to a cure for a crown. A cunning citizen of Berne purchased it of the latter for three crowns, and resold it for 5,000 ducats. It again changed owners for 7,000 ducats, was afterwards bought by Ludovic, Duke of Milan, for 14,000, and subsequently acquired by Pope Julius II. for 20,000 ducats (sixteenth century). In size it is about that of a small walnut.

Of two other diamonds found on the same field, one, valued at 3,000,000 francs, graces the Austrian crown; the second is none other than the famous Sancy, formerly belonging to the crown of France, and which was purchased for 20,000l. from the Demidoff family by Sir C. Jejeebhoy in 1865. JNO. A. Fowler.

It

"Heels close! knees strait! a soldier must stand like a dart! I see the fourth, the fifth I don't see. Thus it begins :

"Fire seldom, but fire sure. "Push hard with the bayonet. The ball will lose its way, the bayonet never. The ball is a fool, the bayonet a hero.

"Stab once, and off with the Turk from the bayonet. Even when he's dead you may get a scratch from his

sabre.

"Stab the second! stab the third a hero will stab

half a dozen.

"If three attack you, stab the first, fire on the second, and bayonet the third. This seldom happens.

"In the attack there's no time to load again. When you fire take aim at their guts, and fire about twenty balls.......

"Heavy battle in the field against regular troops. In squares against Turks, and not in columns. It may happen against Turks that a square of 500 men will have to force its way through a troop of 6,000 or 7,000, with the help of small squares on the flank. In such case it will extend in a column. But till now we had no need of it. There are the God-forgetting, windy, light-headed Frenchmen; if it should ever happen to us to march against them, we must beat them in columns." HUGH A. KENNEDY.

YORK IN THE TALMUD.-Those of your readers who take an interest in antiquarian research will Waterloo Lodge, Reading. doubtless be surprised to know that the ancient city of York is cited by name in the Talmud. CURIOUS INSCRIPTION.-The following quaint is not found in the text itself, but among the mar-inscription, in oak carving, very neatly executed ginal notes surrounding the text, which are studied in a Gothic character, was found over a fireplace with as much ardour and assiduity as is the origi- in pulling down an old house at Tewkesbury, nal. The Jews of the Middle Ages acquired a Gloucestershire :knowledge of the Talmud which has not been "Three thinges pleseth Booeth god and man. Consurpassed by their descendants, and they have corde | Be twene bretheren Amytie betwene nayghadded a mass of marginal annotations of extra-bowers: And A man and his wyfe that agreeth well to gether Fower thinges hurt much the site of man Teares, ordinary logical force and acumen. These are smocke, wynde, | and the woorst of all to se his frends appended to the text, and are technically termed unluckye and his fose happye These fivfe thinges are Tosefoth (additions). The English Jews under rare sene A fayer yonge womane with ought | A lover, the Plantagenets were too overwhelmed with a yonge man with ought myerth A" owld ueseror with oppression and persecution to devote much time ought money | Aney greate fayer with ought theffes A fare harne with ought music." to study, but that they did apply themselves to master the difficulties of the Talmud there can be no doubt. One of their York teachers only, as far as I can discover, is mentioned in the Tosefoth, viz., Rabbi Elijah of Everwyk (Joma, 27 a), the ancient city being spelt in the Hebrew character as I have given it. There is no clue to the identification of this religious leader. His name and place of abode are sufficient to prove, however, that the study of

made this copy, an exact one in every respect, from a photograph of the original carving.

Cheltenham Library.

JAMES T. PRESLEY.

BROD.-This singular term, which is found in many geographical names in Continental Europe, is the Bohemian brod, Polish bród, in other Slavonic dialects found brud, brued, brood, uród:

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