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Alexander Bower was the name of the author of the History of the University of Edinburgh, 1817. John Bower, who was the keeper of the ruins, and a humble friend of Sir Walter Scott, wrote a Description of the Abbeys of Melrose and Old Melrose, with their Traditions, 1813. The book is very readable and interesting.

Robert Bower published a volume of Ballads and Lyrics, at Edinburgh, 1853.

The following arms were formerly borne by some Scotch family of this name :

Bower (Scotland).-Vert, two bows, in full bend, paleways, proper, stringed argent, between three sheaves of arrows, two in chief and one in base of the second (Berry's Encyc. Heraldica).

Alice, relict of Sir Ralph-Sir William
Carnimow and of Sir John
Rodeney, who died Sun-
day after Christmas, 1400.
Inq. p. m. 2 Hen. IV.,
No. 32.

William Thomas Bon---Cecilia,
Bonville. ville, d. 1412. relict
Inq. p. m., 21 of Wil.
Nov., 14 Hen. Cheney.
IV.

Crest,-A dexter and sinister arm, discharging an arrow from a bow, all proper (Robson).

To what family these arms belonged I cannot tell. Can any of your Scotch readers inform me ? H. BOWER.

[Archibald Bower wrote a part of his History of the Popes when he was living in Woodstock Street, Oxford Street. At a later period, Talleyrand had lodgings in the same street when Lord Grenville ordered him to leave England.]

BONVYLE FAMILY (5th S. vi. 447.)—The following brief extract from the pedigree of Bonville, printed in my History of the Deanery of Trigg Minor, vol. i. p. 394*, will, I think, give SYWL all the information he desires :

Bonville, Kt., died Feb. 14, 1407-8. Inq. p. m. 9 Hen. IV., No. 42, Chanc., and 9 & 10 Hen. IV., Exc. Will proved at Crediton, 1408. Bp. Stafford's Register.

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Margaret, da. and
heir of William
Daumarle, died
Trinity Sunday,
22 Rich. II.

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Your correspondent SYWL asks this question: "William de Bonvyle, created Lord Bonvyle and De Cheston, married a lady whose Christian name was Elizabeth. What was her surname ?" I turn to my family pedigree, and learn that "Elizabeth, daughter and Heire (sic) of William, Lord Harington, was married to William, Lord Bunvil (sic), of Chuton (sic), and had issue." The said Lord William Harington was the fourth baron, the first having been created in 1275, temp. Edw. I. Is not the above lady the one referred to by your correspondent? E. C. HARINGTON.

The Close, Exeter.

MACAULAY AND CROKER BOTH IN THE WRONG (5th S. vi. 145, 190, 270.)—In the Gentleman's Magazine, New Series, vol. iv. p. 40, year 1835, there is a remarkably interesting letter, signed "I. H.," on the subject of Sir William Jones's distich, part of which is well worthy of being_reproduced in the columns of "N. & Q." The writer, after quoting the Latin verses in Sir Edward Coke's First Institute, and giving a trans

d.

Thomas Bonville, Leva, d. and | Sheriff of Cornw. | h. of John 13 Hen. VI., d. | Gorges, Feb. 11, 1467. | Dec.16,1461. Inq. p. m. 6 Ed. In. p. m. 2 E. IV., No. 46. IV., No. 24.

JOHN MACLEAN.

lation of the first and second lines, proceeds thus:

"The idea contained in which is most certainly derived from, or in other words this couplet is a paraphrase of, a Greek epigram......in the Anthologia:ἐξ ὧραι μοχθοῖς ἱκανώταται· αἱ δὲ μετ ̓ αὐτὰς γράμμασι δεικνύμεναι ΖΗΘΙ λέγουσι βροτοῖς. (Jacobs, iv. 167, ccxlii.)

The epigram is thus translated into Latin, in the edition
of the Anthologia, interp. Eilhardo Lubino,' p. 256,
Lugd. Bat. 1604 :-

'Sex horæ laboribus convenientissimæ.
Post illas verò,

Litteris demonstratæ, vive dicunt mortalibus.'
Which lines, being interpreted, are:-

Six hours are most convenient for work.
But after them

(The hours) marked by the letters (Z, H, O, I)

say to mortals (ZHOI) live.

It is scarcely necessary for me to remark that this distich, as contained in the Anthologia, possesses its chief point or double signification, that is meant to be conveyed by ZHOI. The letters Z, H, O, I, as we learn from Kircher, designate the four hours, 7, 8, 9, 10, used on the ancient Greek time-pieces or sun-dials, and were

set apart for refreshment and amusement after work, which the letters themselves tell us to do by the word ZHOI,-i.e. live, or be merry...... Now it is clear that if Sir Edward Coke was himself the author (which I have much cause to think) of the three Latin verses (tristich) above cited, he must have read the original Greek epigram in the Anthologia, as he was a goodly scholar... ...I will next briefly observe that Sir William Jones, in this his version of the lawyer's day,

'Seven hours to law, to soothing slumber seven; Ten to the world allot, and all to Heaven!'has rendered the division of the day more useful and more religious, as well as the couplet more elegant. But it is perhaps superfluous to have substituted all to Heaven,' instead of four hours to prayer,' as it is in the original, except for the rhyme; as I can conceive no pious man would spend four hours daily in prayer, who would not at the same time allot, whatsoever might be his employment, all to Heaven' that is to say, that whatsoever he was doing he would do it unto God, and make religion the guide of all his ways."

H. P. D.

JEWISH NAMES (5th S. vi. 490.)-Wolf is not a form of Levy. Jews had a habit of adopting the names of animals, possibly arising from certain expressions in Jacob's blessing, Gen. xlviii.

Cole, Coleman, Collman, Kolman, Collins, are not forms of Cohen, but probably trace their source to the German (Kahlman, the bald ?). Sloman, Slowman, are forms of Solomon, and Lowman may

be an attenuated form of the latter.

There never was Marcus Levius Cohenius in the Roman epoch. Jews did not Latinize their names, but adopted Greek and Latin ones, of which the Talmadic names, Hyrcanus, Theodorus, are examples.

The other points contained in the question are likely to be elucidated in a paper on Jewish names by Zunz, published, amongst his works, at Berlin, and obtainable at Messrs. Nutt's, in the Strand.

M. D.

As intimately connected with the subject at the above reference, the subjoined cutting from the Standard of Dec. 14, 1876, may be useful. It is taken from the report of the trial of Isaac Marks for the murder in Newington :

"Isidor Simon, the minister of the Southampton Hebrew congregation, proved that he was acquainted with the prisoner's father and his brother Samuel. The prisoner's real name was Isaac Mordecai, and he was described in the certificate as the son of Arriol. He knew nothing of the prisoner in his own country, but he described himself as being related to the family at Seray. The witness explained that Mordecai was R. &

Hebrew for Marks."

CATERPILLARS POISONOUS (5th S. vi. 462.)The hairy caterpillar is not so perfectly harmless a creature as MR. EDWARDS imagines. My wife informs me that, on handling one of a large and handsome appearance some years ago, she was severely stung, the irritation being worse than that produced by a nettle. What is more curious is

that when a glove or a piece of cloth was rubbed over the caterpillar and then applied to the hand, it was found to transmit the sting.

Southey quotes from Anchieta's observations upon the natural history of Brazil the following, on a certain "vermiculus scolopendra fere similis pilis totus obsitus":

"Horum alii si corpus tangant, magnum inferunt dolorem qui multis horis perseverat; aliorum vero (qu oblongi sunt et nigri, rubro capite) pili venenosi sunt et ad libidinem incendunt....Larvæ sunt papilionum, species omnes, quarum pili inferunt dolorem, nomen obtinent Brasilicum Sataurana, id est tanquam ignis urens.' "Some of the hairy caterpillars in England," adds Southey, "are said to sting the hand, if they are touched, like nettles." "This I know from my own experience to be true."-Note by Zoe King. "It was likewise true as regarded the late Mrs. Southey, as she told me herself."- Note by Warter. (Southey's Letters, vol. ii. pp. 343, 344.)

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Kirby and Spence (Entomology, p. 69, ed. 7) observe that it is the processionary caterpillars, Cnethocampa and Pityocampa, which possess this power, and that the irritation is produced by the hair of the animal sticking in the skin like cowitch. Their secretion also is said to be poisonous. J. Roberts, in his Oriental Illustrations of the Scriptures, says :

certain seasons are extremely numerous and annoying. "There are bristled caterpillars in the East which at

They creep along in troops like soldiers, are covered with stiff hairs or bristles, which are so painful to the touch, and so powerful in their effects, as not to be entirely removed for many days....... Should one be swallowed, it will cause death" (p. 481).

Dr. Hawkesworth says of the caterpillars he saw in the West Indies :

"Their bodies were thick set with hairs......When we

touched them, we found their bodies had the qualities of A. SMYTHE PALMER.

nettles."

Lower Norwood, S.E.

Probably the fear of handling the woolly bear caterpillar mentioned by MR. EDWARDS was occasioned by the well-known stinging properties possessed by the hairs of certain kinds of caterThere is pillars, specially by the palmer worm. an amusing instance of wisdom learnt by experience in regard to handling this insect in the Rev. J. G. Wood's Common Objects of the Country. L. B. S.

This superstition is very common in West Cornwall. Perhaps it arises from the irritation caused to any cut or wound on the hand by the hairs of the caterpillar. T. C. P.

A SIGN OF RAIN (5th S. vi. 466.)-The act of the cat washing her face being taken as a sign of In the introduction rain appears not uncommon. to The Shepherd of Banbury's Rules to Judge of the Changes of the Weather (edit. 1827), reference is made to the cat in the terms following:

"There are a sort of wise people who, from the con- BATH BIBLIOGRAPHY (5th S. vii. 20.)-So many sideration of the distances of things, are apt to treat such eminent people have been attracted to Bath during prognostications, as they phrase them, with much con- the last three hundred years, and especially in the tempt. They can see no connexion between a cat's washing her face and the sky being overspread with eighteenth century, that its literary history is clouds, and therefore they boldly pronounce that the one exceedingly interesting. With the exception of has no relation to the other," &c. "But a man of a London, there is not a city in England with so larger compass of knowledge, who is acquainted with many illustrious natives or visitors. It would be the nature and qualities of the air, and knows what an effect any alterations in the weight, the dryness, or the a great assistance to the future historian of Enghumidity of it have upon all animal bodies, easily perceives lish literature if C. P. E. were to extend his plan the reason why other animals are much sooner sensible by publishing, in addition to a list of works relating of any alterations that happen in that element than men, to Bath, a full account of the authors connected and therefore to him the cawing of ravens, the chattering with it by birth or residence. If he decides to of swallows, and a cat's washing her face are not super-adopt this suggestion, he will pardon me for stitious signs, but natural tokens of a change of weather, and as such they have been thought worthy of notice by Aristotle, Virgil, Pliny, and all the wisest and gravest writers of antiquity." Jos. J. J.

A Derbyshire cat rarely has "a gale in her tail," but when rain is coming she always "makes rain" by "washing over her ears." Even now when I observé " my puss" washing her face I watch if she goes over the ear, and if so, from force of habit acquired when a child, remark, "We shall have rain; the cat goes over her ear." Our folk-lore used to teach us that, according to the number of times the paw went beyond the cat's ear, so would the amount of rain be; while if pussy managed to reach the nape of her neck there would be very much rain, “cats and dogs” in fact.

Worksop.

THOS. RATCLiffe.

I have often heard it said in this part of Derbyshire, that if in washing its face the cat passes its paw over the left ear it is a sign of rain. ˆ J. P. Idridgehay.

VITRIFIED COATING OF WALLS (5th S. vi. 465.) -Gatacre Old House, in Shropshire, was built of a close-grained brown sandstone; the walls were vitrified on three sides only, but how that was effected remains a mystery. One theory is that it was done by firing wisps of straw against the walls, and that the glaze was derived from the silicious coating of the straw; but this appears to me hardly tenable. It must have been a difficult operation, but I think it might have been done by building fierce fires of wood against the walls, the sandstone of which might have then "run" by the aid of some flux, such as lime or salt. As one side was left unvitrified, it seems probable that this was the one protected from the wind, and where sufficient heat could not be obtained. The house was pulled down circa 1759, but Edward Lloyd Gatacre, Esq., has presented specimens of the stone, encrusted with a greenish glass, resembling what is often seen lining the sides of old lime-kilns, to the Museum of Practical Geology in Jermyn Street, where they may now be seen. The vitrified forts in Scotland seem to be of the same class.

W. J. BERNHARD SMITH.

pointing out that in the first volume of the Bibliotheca Cornubiensis (published by Mr. G. C. Boase and myself) he will find the biography and bibliography of four Bath worthies already done for him. Their names are Ralph Allen, of Prior Park; Francis Barham, the "Alist"; and two eminent physicians and fellows of the Royal Society, called William Oliver.

W. PRIDEAUX COURTNEY.

15, Queen Anne's Gate, Westminster.

REV. A. C. SCHOMBERG, 1756-1792 (5th S. v. 288.)-In the Gentleman's Magazine, Feb., 1854, in "Notices to Correspondents," there is a reply to an inquiry of mine, relating to the authorship of the tragedy referred to by MR. ALLNUTT. I think it may be assumed as a matter of certainty that the tragedy was the joint composition of the Rev. Sir Herbert Croft and Mr. Schomberg, and that Sir Herbert Croft wrote the obituary notice of his friend which appeared in the Bath newspaper and the Gent. Mag. In Nichols's Literary Illustrations (I think, vol. v. p. 213) there is a letter of Sir Herbert Croft's, in which he mentions Mr. Schomberg as one of his oldest friends. The tragedy would seem not to have been published.

R. INGLIS.

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NURSERY RHYMES (5th S. vi. 491.)—From the division of the rhymes into classes, historical, literal, tales, proverbs, &c., I think the title-pageless book must be The Nursery Rhymes of England, collected by James Orchard Halliwell (London, John Russell Smith, 36, Soho Square). I have before me the sixth edition (pp. 333); it is introduced by the "Preface to the Fifth Edition," dated December, 1853. The copy was bought three or four years ago. Frederick Warne & Co. are now the proprietors of Halliwell's collection, and it has been incorporated with Mrs. Valentine's

Nursery Rhymes, Tales, and Jingles, of which they are the publishers. ST. SWITHIN.

ADDISON'S STEP-SON (5th S. vi. 536.)-I cannot give any information as to the name of the artist. The Latin inscription is by Vincent Bourne, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Usher in Westminster School, and is printed in the edition of his works published by W. P. Grant, Cambridge, 1838. There are several errors in the inscription as it now stands, which I hope will be corrected. JAMES WESTON.

SHAKSPEARE AND LORD BACON (5th S. iii. 28.) -It may be useful to E. B. and other readers of "N. & Q." to give the bibliography of this controversy. The following list is as complete and

accurate as I can make it :

Who Wrote Shakspeare? in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, August 7, 1852.

Article in Putnam's Monthly [by Delia Bacon], January, 1856.

Was Lord Bacon the Author of Shakespeare's Plays?

by W. H. Smith, 1856.

Bacon and Shakespeare, 1857.

The Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded, by Delia Bacon, 1857.

The Authorship of the Plays attributed to Shakespeare, by Nathaniel Holmes, 1866.

[Two editions have since been published.] Letters between Judge Holmes, Mr. W. H. Smith, and Mr. Jas. Spedding, 1866. Printed as an appendix to the third edition of Judge Holmes's work, 1876, p. 602. William Shakespeare not an Impostor, 1857. Who Wrote Shakespeare? by J. V. P., in Fraser's Magazine, August, 1874.

Bacon versus Shakespeare: a Plea for the Defendant, by J. D. King, 1875.

The Shakespeare-Bacon Controversy, by E. O. Vaile, in Scribner's Monthly, April, 1875.

Athenæum Club.

JABEZ.

MR. SERRES, JUN. (5th S. vi. 491.)-I do not know at all who wrote the Memoir published in 1826; but Dominic and John Thomas Serres published jointly Liber Nauticus and Instructor in Marine Drawing, 1805, two parts at 6d. each; and John Thomas published in 1801 a folio entitled Little Sea Torch, and in 1824 a 4to. Atlas of Views in Père-la-Chaise, and Olivia Wilmot Serres was his wife. The Don Giovanni Serres is of course the Italianizing of his own name. His father was a native of Auch, in Gascony. This is all I find about him. C. A. WARD. Mayfair.

I

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[Similar replies from five other correspondents.] "INMATE OR UNDERSETTLE" (5th S. vi. 469.)"PerJacob's Law Dictionary defines inmates as sons who are admitted to dwell with and in the house of another, and not able to maintain themburden on the poor-rates, was made an offence by selves." Suffering inmates, and so bringing a a statute of Elizabeth, which has since been repealed.

Should not "undersettles" be "undersettees," which is equivalent to underlessees? C. S.

Bp. Sanderson (ii. 310) speaks of "the two inmate harlots whereof King Solomon had the hearing." On this there is the following note by Bp. Jacobson in his edition of Sanderson :—

"Inmate,' domi socius, as explained by Skinner, inn generally. Cowell's Interpreter, Cambridge, 1607, thus having formerly been used for a house or dwelling defines Inmates,' those that be admitted to dwell for their money jointly with another man, though in several rooms of his mansion house, passing in and out by one door, and not being able to maintain themselves. A Proclamation was issued Feb. 10, 1630, Concerning Buildings and Inmates in the City of London and confines of the same,' Rushworth, part ii. vol. i. 42. Compare North's Life of Lord Keeper Guilford, ii. 213, Lond., 1819:-'He that was never so well as when his house and table were full, began to look upon us as inmates.'"

"SUCH AS SHOULD BE SAVED" (5th S. vii. 24.)– may be allowed to add a few words to what I In a note on p. 344 of the same volume of Sanderwrote previously on this subject. I have accused-son, there is a quotation from Bp. Goodman's Fall and I think justly accused-the A. V., as regards of Man, published in 1616, in which the following the passage in question, of a predestinarian bias; occurs: Why doth our law prevent inmates and but it is only fair to state that the authors of the cottages?" Undersettles I suppose, A. V. had the colour of St. Jerome's authority. tenants." T. LEWIS O. DAVIES. That saint appears to have been himself perplexed,

66

Pear Tree Vicarage, Southampton.

"sub

A lodger merely. The more common form of And so the gentlewomen who had inherited Cicely from the latter word is undersitter.

EDMUND TEW, M.A.

THE TITLE "HONOURABLE" (5th S. vi. 489.)The principle may be right or wrong on which

such titles are taken as those about which H. writes, but it is a clear and intelligible onesimply that the children of a courtesy peer take the same titles as they would if the peerage were an actual one. As all titles whatever of peer's children are courtesy ones, no rights are infringed; and for the same reason there seems no cause why a peer's grandchildren should not use them as well as his children. They come, of course, primarily from himself, though proximately from his eldest son. As to the line which H. wants to have drawn, it is drawn ready to his hand by the proper use of this principle: thus the grandchildren of a viscount or baron can in no case have courtesy titles. Those of an earl are "Honourable," because the earl's eldest son bears the courtesy title of a viscount or a baron; while the eldest grandson of a duke or marquis (and in the former case sometimes even the great-grandson) may have a courtesy title of peerage, and therefore the younger children bear their courtesy titles accordingly. But further than this such titles clearly cannot go; and of course they cannot go at all except through eldest sons. CHARLES F. S. WARREN, M.A.

Bexhill.

H.'s query suggests the further inquiry, which seems to have been raised by the recent creation of the "Lords of Appeal," whether the children of a baron, whose patent of peerage is for life only, have a right to the "Honourable" prefix; and, secondly, whether, if such right exists, it belongs to them for their life, or expires, upon their father's death, with the peerage in virtue of which they were so designated.

New Univ. Club.

H. W.

their grandmothers were ashamed of it; and it became
Cecilia, with Miss Burney's novel to give them an ex-
ample, until the present reaction against fine names
setting in brought them back to Cecil and Cecily.".
History of Christian Names, vol. i. p. 310.
ST. SWITHIN.
Cicely was in medieval times one of the com-
monest Christian names for women.
Cecil is a
mere contraction of the original Cæcilia, and was
never heard of until Cicely had been in favour for
centuries. The earliest instance of the name that
I recall, in this country, was in the case of
William the Conqueror's eldest daughter. I have
seen it interpreted as grey-eyed," "one-eyed,”
and "a lizard.”
HERMENTRUDE.

66

"HEN-BRASS" (4th S. i. 219.)—This word hen seems to be a variation of ken, which is used both in the north and south of England in the sense of "feast" or "supper." In Kent, a hop-ken is a feast given to the labourers when the hops have been gathered in. An initial change from c (k) to is common in Yorkshire. A cushion, for instance, is there called a hushion. This consonantal change, moreover, is a peculiarity of all the Teutonic branches of the Aryan stock, a primitive Sans. or Latin & being represented among them generally by h, as expressed in Grimm's law of consonantal variation (lautverschiebung). Hen-brass is therefore feast money. It is asked for in order to provide some kind of entertainment.

=

сепа,

Notwithstanding the change in the length of the vowel, probably due to the shortening of the word into a monosyllable, ken or hen is related to the Lat. can-a, from which the Corn. cean = W. cwyn-os (cên-os), and the Ir. cen (ken), all meaning a meal or supper, have been derived. Belsize Square.

J. D.

"HEN-SILVER" (5th S. vi. 409, 544.)—In addiTHE CHRISTIAN NAME CECIL (5th S. vi. 491.)—tion to your own reference, let me direct your Cecil is thought by some to be a derivative of correspondent to your 2nd S. viii. 239, where he cacus, blind. Cecilia is another form of it. Miss will find some information. Halliwell says hen is Yonge says:"money given by a wedded pair to their poor neighbours to drink their healths." Its derivation may be from a common provincial word, hen, to throw. W. T. M.

Shinfield Grove.

"Already, in the eleventh century, the musical saint had been given as a patroness; and the contemporaries, Philip I. of France and William I. of England, had each a daughter Cécile. From that time Cécile, in France, was only less popular than Cicely was with all ranks before the Reformation. Cicely Neville, the Roze THE GRYPHEA INCURVA (5th S. vi. 426; vii. of Raby, afterwards Duchess of York, called ' 'Proud Cis,' gave it the chief note in England; but her princess 15.)-The quarrymen in Gloucestershire have also grandchild, Cicely Plantagenet, was a nun, and thus did some other very characteristic names for the Lias not transmit it to any noble family. After the Refor- and Oolite fossils. Thus Belemnites are always mation, Cicely sank to the level of a 'stammel waist-called "thunderbolts"; the vertebra of Ichthyocoat,' and was the milkmaid's generic name.

When Cis to milking goes,'

says the lament for the fairies; and it is a pretty modest
Cicely whom Piɛcator incites to sing in Sir Walter Ra-
leigh's
Come live with me, and be my love.'

sauri and Plesiosauri are known as "salt-cellars," and they would really make very good substitutes for those appendages of the dinner table. One of the best names, perhaps, is "fairy loaves," which they give to the Clypeus orbicularis, so extremely

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