Mons. Leroux, a French plumber, who attended for the purpose." plentiful in the Oolite. This echinoderm very much resembles in miniature the round flat brown loaves baked on the oven bottom that one used to The article in question is a kind of procès verbal see in farm-houses. It is many years since I was transcribed by Mr. Higgins, who was private secrea student at the Royal Agricultural College, and tary at the Colonial Office. No one would, I went rambling about, hammer in hand, amongst think, doubt, after perusing the above extract from the quarries and railway cuttings in Gloucester-it, as to the heart of Napoleon I. being with his shire with my friend and teacher Prof. Buckman, body in the tomb at the Invalides. and, though I have lively recollections of pleasant JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. days spent in the study of geology, I have forgotten Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. many of the names; but if this should meet my friend's eye, I think he would be able to add many more interesting examples to my short list of Gloucestershire names of fossils. Norton, Cheshire. ROBERT HOLLAND. POLYGAMY AMONG JEWS AND CHRISTIANS (5th S. vi. 428, 522.)-ORIENTALIS should consult 1st S. ix. 246, 329, 409; xii. 519; 3rd S. i. 131; vii. 477; 4th S. xii. 427, 500. DR. GATTY'S remarks (1st S. ix. 329) are especially suggestive, but your correspondent will, I think, find something in"HERB JOHN" (5th S. vi. 328, 456, 479.)-structive in most of the articles referred to. Allow me to assist in answering my own query. Since writing it I have found the term already noticed in "N. & Q.," and I would refer to 2nd S. vii. 456, and ix. 435, whence I infer it means a man of little importance, similar to a chip in porridge," for which phrase see 1st S. i. 382; viii. 208; ix. 45. W. T. M. Shinfield Grove. MARYLAND POINT (5th S. vi. 368, 434, 498, 544.)-Your querist is wrong in his topography. I know Norfolk pretty well, but never heard of a Stratford there. For the true place we must come nearer home, to "Stratford-atte-Bowe," near which Maryland Point is situated. It is about a quarter of a mile beyond Stratford on the main Colchester line, and has a railway station named Maryland Point. The origin of the name is as yet unknown to X. P. D. [May not Maryland Point and Maryland Road have some reference to our Lady of Stratford, in Langthorne Abbey ?] NAPOLEON'S HEART (5th S. vi. 308, 437, 495.) -Permit me to refer your correspondents who have written upon this subject to a most interesting account of "The Disinterment of Napoleon Bonaparte at St. Helena on October 15, 1840," which appeared in " N. & Q.," 3rd S. ix. 525. It is therein stated "His epaulets, and the several stars and orders on his breast, were tarnished. His jack-boots covered with mildew, which, when Dr. Guillard slightly rubbed it, came off, and the leather underneath was perfectly black and sound. His cocked hat lay across his thighs, and the silver vase with the imperial eagle, which contains his heart, stood in the hollow below his calves, but had assumed a bronzed hue. Count Chabot did not deem it requisite to make use of the two elegant silver vases which had been sent out from France for the purpose of receiving the Emperor's heart and stomach, but directed the old ones (sic) to remain untouched. "The body remained exposed to view from two to three minutes, when it was sprinkled by the surgeon with some charcoal composition, and the old tin as well as the old and new leaden coffins were carefully soldered up by MIDDLE TEMPLAR. The following extract may be thought to develope further my former answer to ORIENTALIS: "Marriage, indeed, was so serious, so sacred, in the eyes of the Rabbis that they declared the bridegroom purged of all sin by reason of his entering that holy state, thus giving to the ceremony the full effect of the prayer and fasting of the great atoning day. Monogamy, morality, which even as early as in the narrative of the only marriage which developes genuine and deep creation' is pronounced the real marriage of human nature, and which in Biblical Jewish times only temporarily made way for polygamy, that accident of climate,-monogamy was the almost universal Jewish rule in post-Biblical times; and Rabbi Gerschom, surworth the name when he issued his famous condemnatory named Light of the Exile, met with but little opposition decree against plural marriages."-Jewish Marriage in Post-Biblical Times, by Dr. Joseph Perles, translated from the German for the American Jewish Publication Society, New York. M. D. "THE MARTYR OF ERROMANGA” (5th S. vi. 368, 12mo., 1842, and a third edition, Svo., in 1843. 477.)-This book was issued in a second edition, I do not find the date of the first edition given. C. A. WARD. Mayfair. BARATARIA (5th S. vii. 6.)—In Black's Atlas of down in lat. 29° 30', long. 89° 90'. MR. PATTERSON North America, Barataria Bay (not Island) is laid simply inquired with regard to the American Barataria and that of Cervantes, "Was one of these places called after the other, and was the real Barataria so called after the fictitious one?" The Examiner of last Saturday describes your querist as inquiring "as to whether an island on the coast of North America, named Barataria, was called after the island which Sancho Panza governed for a brief space so well, and in a manner so uncommon; or whether that island is the real one, or the other island was the island from which the American island takes its name." This, probably by accident, misrepresents MR. PATTERSON'S query; although perhaps heard more in those games than and when the Examiner answers it by saying that any others. Marble-playing offers many facilities "Barataria was simply an invention of Cervantes- for cheating; hence fen assumes a protective the island existed only in his poetic brain," the power. When I was a boy, one of the terms in answer only says what your correspondent said-use was "fen smugging," by which it was hoped that the Barataria of Cervantes was a "fictitious that discontented losers would be restrained from one." The Examiner, however, adds, conse- making a rush to "smug" (steal or grab)_the quently any island of that name is a name only marbles lying in the ring. X. P. D. borrowed or stolen." But the American name is 66 applied to a bay, and it may be the corruption of some old Indian name. E. D. THE LINLEY FAMILY (4th S. ii. 323; 5th S. vii. 34.) I am much obliged to C. T. B. for his intended kindness; but, some time after I had asked the question in your columns, I obtained a clue which caused me to write to the Rev. Mr. Cheetham, the chaplain of Dulwich College, who, in addition to the information obtained by C. T. B., gave me the date of O. T. Linley's election, May 5, 1816, and the age at which he died--sixty-six. The madrigal," Let me, careless and unthoughtful lying," was published by Preston a few years after the death of the elder Linley, among a variety of vocal music by the father and the son, and is assigned to the former. The compiler of The Biographical Dictionary of Musicians states his belief that the upper part was intended to display the taste and feeling of Mrs. Sheridan, one of the daughters of the composer. Southport. B. ST. J. B. JOULE. W AND V (5th S. vii. 28.)-In the east of London, notably in Spitalfields and in the surrounding districts, where to the present day reside many descendants of French refugees, among the older folk the substitution of v for w, and vice versa, may still be met with. I have not found it elsewhere; but my grandfather, who died about six years ago at the age of eighty-nine, often told me that he perfectly remembered French being much spoken in the neighbourhood. He had a theory that the substitution referred to was a consequence of French descent, and a remnant of the language. D'ERFLA. FEN (OR FEND?) (5th S. vi. 348, 412.)-When I was at school in Essex, we had a word which we used in much the same sense as SCOTO-AMERICUS applies to fen, but which we pronounced as if spelt fain, e.g., if a monitor called his fags, and ordered one to get him something, they would say, "fain going," or 66 fain I," and the one who was last had to go. We had also a past participle formed from the word; thus, after using the expression, we should say, "I have fained." RIVUS. This is one of the words that emigrated to America. It is well known among boys in England, and is not confined to games with marbles, Americanism, that I believe that it has descended So far am I from thinking that this word is an to the English-speaking race from the time of the Norman Conquest. I am persuaded that it is an abbreviation of the words Je défends, "I forbid." When a boy, playing marbles, shoots one of his into a hole, the boy playing with him, if he wishes the marble to remain there, cries out, "Fen puds," puds being an abbreviation for "putting out." UNEDA. CHESS AMONG THE MALAYS: VARANGIAN (5th S. vi. 346, 454, 519.)-There are various authorities for what I wrote about the Varangians. One near my hand is The Book of the First American Chess Congress,* from which we learn that "The Væringar, or body guards of the Byzantine emperors, returning to their Northern homes, brought the entertaining amusement (chess) to Scandinavia, and introduced it into the flourishing republic of Iceland, whose berserkers loved its practice, and whose scalds sang its glories in Eddaic stanzas." Prof. Forbes, in his History of Chess,† remarks as follows on this subject : "Now we know from history that in the eighth and succeeding centuries numerous adventurers, both Frank and Scandinavian, resorted to Constantinople, where their military services were duly appreciated, and amply rewarded. These afterwards became celebrated as the Varangian Band, or Cohort, and held a position at the Byzantine Court similar to that of the Scottish and Swiss guards employed by the kings of France in more recent times. In consequence of this arrangement, there arose a constant intercourse between the east and west of Europe, and it is quite possible that the game of chess may have found its way to the north-west at the same time." tation of chess into the north of Europe by the I rather think, but am not sure, that the imporin his able disquisition entitled "Historical ReVarangians is mentioned by Sir Frederic Madden marks on the Introduction of the Game of Chess into Europe," in vol. xxiv. of the Archæologia. HUGH A. KENNEDY. Waterloo Lodge, Reading. London, Sampson Low, 1859, p. 24. + London, W. H. Allen & Co., 1860, p. 214. THE "NIEBELUNGENLIED" (5th S. vi. 468, 542.) -The author of this work is not known with any | certainty, but the weight of probability points to Heinrich von Ofterdingen, of Wartburg fame; date about the end of the thirteenth century. An edition, in the original language, with glossary, was published by Von der Hagen, Breslau, 1816, and is frequently met in the catalogues of German Antiquariats-Buchhandlungen. Should H. W. be unable to obtain the work through the channel indicated, I shall be happy to lend him my copy, on hearing from him direct. CHARLES A. FEDERER. Bradford. "IN JESUM CRUCI AFFIXUM "" (1st S. vii. 283; 5th S. vi. 541.)- The Poemata which HIC ET UBIQUE wishes to obtain are by John Owen, Audoënus-not Andoënus. I bought a copy lately at an Oxford bookseller's, and have seen them recently at Slatter & Rose's, High Street, Oxford (old morocco), and in common old calf at Gee's, in the same street. He died A.D. 1622. ED. MARSHALL. "CLAM" (5th S. vi. 246, 296, 339.)—I may take the opportunity of saying that, since I sent the communication (5th S. vi. 339) on the word clam, I have discovered that llam is Welsh for a "step"; and Pughe gives "llam afon," stepping-stones over a stream. The word clam is found on Dartmoor and Exmoor, where remains of Celtic may be looked for. Such stones, however, on Dartmoor are called simply "steps," the term clam being restricted to the case of a foot-bridge. 66 C. O. BUDD. Vessels propelLED BY HORSES ON BOARD (5th S. vi. 388, 543.)-I well remember the horse packet between Yarmouth and Norwich, but your correspondent W. S. L. is wrong in supposing it was before the introduction of steam." Steam navigation between Yarmouth and Norwich commenced in 1813; and in 1817 a frightful explosion took place on board the packet, killing several persons, and injuring others very seriously. It was consequent on this catastrophe that the horse packet was started. P. LE NEVE FOSTER. EXEMPT (5th S. vi. 386, 476), in military affairs, means a Lifeguardsman freed or excused from doing his duty. In France it is an officer in the Guards who commands in the absence of the captain (Dyche's Dict.). ENILORAC. SIGNS OF SATISFACTION (5th S. vi. 361, 413, 498.)-A piece "left for Lady Manners" is what remains on a dish after all those who are at table are satisfied. I think I remember meeting with the expression many years ago in reading The Ladies of Bever Hollow, and I have often heard it used ST. SWITHIN. since. ANCIENT BIERS AND PALLS (5th S. vi. 148, 257, 469.)--There is a very ancient embroidered pall existing in a chapel, called the "Cappers' Chapel," in the church of St. Michael, Coventry. It is used once a year as a table-cover, when the present members of the Cappers' Company meet in the priest's room over the chapel to transact their business. A curious pall belonging to the Worcester Clothiers' Company, and anciently used at the burials of their deceased members, is in the possession of the high master. Its ground is of crimson velvet. The description appears in Green's History of Worcester. There is a legend that it was used at the burial of Prince Arthur in the cathedral. W. T. HYATT. If MR. PIGGOT refers to any kind of pall, the property of parishes, one of black velvet, edged with white sarcenet, given by Mrs. Alice Shaw in 1671, is noted in the vestry proceedings, St. Saviour's, Southwark. W. RENDLE. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Charles Kingsley, his Letters and Memories of his Life. Edited by his Wife. 2 vols. (H. S. King & Co.) IT is stoutly held by some persons that a priest should should ever be as grave as the gravity of his commission. never depart from the character of a priest, and that he Others are inclined to believe that he would be more likely to succeed in the great object for which a priest is ordained if he left his spiritual soldiership out of view thing and everybody around him. Now, Charles Kingsnow and then, and heartily entered into the spirit of every ley acted up to both opinions. He certainly never forgot the seriousness of his vocation, and at the same time was cised. He participated in all the joys of life as sincerely never without sympathies for all others honestly exeras he shared and solaced its sorrows. He was nothing the less a Christian for belonging to muscular Christianity: as our old bishops could play bowls without losing dignity, so Charles Kingsley could play at anything manly and innocent without losing that or his usefulness. This was so much and so undeniably the case that the layman never ceased to be, and to think, and to do, beneath his surplice or his academical gown. Indeed, we believe the Dean of Westminster spoke of him as "a layman in disguise." He was the most highly gifted of his father's sons. His own special endowments were of a lofty character. He excelled his brother Henry as a writer of stories with a particular purpose and moral, and in his own district he seems to have been as wise, perhaps a wiser physician than his other brother, "the Doctor," who accompanied "the Earl" to the Antipodes, and shared with him the honours of writing that merry and somewhat naughty book called South Sea Bubbles. man's best monument, when he is such a man as Charles him best. His wife (very lovingly and significantly is Kingsley was, is perhaps in the bosom of her who loved the word widow avoided) has furnished the world with a book, something over long, it may be, but containing within it one of the most charming and instructive bioIt is full of sweet and deep graphies ever written. thoughts. It is not without contradictions, changing of opinions, occasional excess of enthusiasm, occasional similar excess of depression, and now and then wi A superabundant demonstration of homage to the great ones of the earth, as earlier there was of almost Quixotic reverence for the working classes; but from end to end the book is the record of a true man. Whatever his opinions were, he gave them fearless expression. Though he died comparatively young, he had accomplished his mission, and these volumes of his life will win for him the reverential love of every sympathizing reader. His wife could not have raised a nobler monument to his memory. Notes on the Churches of Derbyshire. By J. Charles Cox. Vol. II. The Hundreds of the High Peak and Wirksworth. (Chesterfield, Palmer & Edmunds; London, Bemrose & Sons.) MR. Cox has now completed half the labour which he set himself to accomplish when he first began to make notes on the Derbyshire churches. If he continues to the end to exercise the same zeal, good taste, and judg ment which mark these first two noble volumes, he will furnish a record of local medieval church history such as Derbyshire may be proud of, and such as every other shire would envy. The present volume shows even more than the first how thoroughly well Mr. Cox can condense materials, and in their essence give all that it is desirable to know. It is pleasant to see how the clergy have cooperated with Mr. Cox. His account, too, of the muniments and registers of Lichfield especially is of great interest to the ecclesiologist. The author hopes to have his third volume ready during the present year. We heartily wish him well through the whole of this laborious work. But the honour gained will be as great as the labour expended. MR. MURRAY'S works in the press include, among others, A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects, and Doctrines; The Bampton Lectures, 1876; The Witness of the Psalms to Christ and Christianity, by W. Alexander, D.D.; Discoveries on the Site of Ancient Mycena, by Dr. Schliemann; A New Life of Albert Dürer, by Moritz Thausing; Scepticism in Geology, and the Reasons for It, by Verifier; Notes on the Churches of Kent, by the late Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart.; Student's Manual of Ecclesiastical History, by Philip Smith, B.A.; The Cradle of the Blue Nile, a Journey through the Mountains of Abyssinia and the Plains of Soudan and Residence at the Court of King John of Ethiopia, by E. A. De Cosson, F.R.G.S.; History of Egypt from the Earliest Period, by Dr. H. Brugsch Bey of Göttingen, translated by H. Danby Seymour, F.R.G.S.; Poetical Works of Alexander Pope, edited by Whitwell Elwin, B.A., vol. iii., the Satires, &c.; A Sketch of the Life of the First Lord Abinger, by his Son, the Hon. P. Campbell Scarlett, C.B.; Handbook for Travellers in England and Wales, Alphabetically Arranged in One Volume; and Notices of the Historic Interments in the Church of St. Peter ad Vincula, in the Tower of London, with an Account of the Dis covery of the Remains of Queen Anne Boleyn, by Doyne C. Bell. MR. J. H. I. OAKLEY.-A note from Wyverley Rectory brings to us the sad intelligence of the lamented death of Mr. J. H. I. Oakley, M.A, late of Trinity College, Cambridge, who for many years was a contributor to "N. & Q." He departed this life January 9, aged thirtysix years, much beloved. "LYRA HIBERMICA SACRA."-I have been for some time past engage in the compilation of a volume whose itle will sufficiently characterize the nature of its contents, namely, "Lyra Hibernica Sacra." As the volume is now likely soon to go to press, I am anxious that no writers, identified with this department of literature, of standard merits and of Irish race, should be excluded. If, therefore, any reader of " N. & Q." can kindly furnish me with even one such name hitherto unknown, I shall esteem it a particular favour. WILLIAM MAC ILWAINE, D.D. Belfast. is, it is said, about to be broken up. For many years "THE Royal Escape, in which James II. fled to France, past she has been used as a government lighter at Sheerness, and occasionally as a landing-stage for the Great Eastern steamship."-Guardian. Notices to Correspondents. ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. LANCASTRIENSIS. "... As dull as grammar on the eve of holiday," is part of a line in Elizabeth Barrett Browning's exquisite poem, The Lost Bower, verse x. As many of our correspondents have been illustrating the meaning of the word clip, we add to the various interpretations one in Mrs. Browning's poem. Speaking of "a sound, a sense of music, which was rather felt than heard," the poetess says: "Softly, finely, it inwound me From the world it shut me in- Which with silver waters thin Clips a little marble Naiad, sitting smilingly within." L. N.-1. The two Kings of Brentford are in Buckingham's burlesque tragedy, The Rehearsal. 2. "Dick's Hatband." See Southey's Doctor. 3. "Ca ira!""Ca ira! ça ira! Les aristocrats à la lanterne ; Les aristocrats on les pendra !" GOLGOTHA, on referring to "N. & Q.," 1st S. v. 275, 301, 354, 382; xi. 496; xii. 75; 2nd S. vii. 495; viii. 97, 158, 218; xii. 221, 278; 3rd S. v. 119, 178, 264, 305; vi. 497; 5th S. li. 205, 240, 466; iii. 27, 52, 126, 273, 357, will find not only that the whole subject of Cromwell's head has been thoroughly gone into, but also very much to in terest him. Winnington's MS. volume in "N. & Q." for October 5 and 12, 1861. REV. J. WOODWARD will find an account of Sir Thomas THURSTAN C. PETER ("Tonis ad resto mare.")-See "N. & Q.," 5th S. iii. 93; v. 272. R. W. H. NASH, B.A.-His talents and virtues procured him the title. J. R. HAIG.-Answered in last week's notice to correspondents. C. H. A. MASON (Rome.)-Forwarded to ARGENT. ERRATUM.-P. 4, col. i. l. 8, for "uncourteous" read "unconscious." NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1877. CONTENTS. - N° 161. NOTES:-"The Dutch drawn to the Life," 61-The University of Dublin and Electioneering Tactics in Former Days, 62-Thomas Davidson, 63-Folk-Lore-Beef-eater-Rhymed Will-"Siege of Belgrade," 64-Charles I.'s Diamond Seal The Regicides-Haydon's Correspondence, 65-The Wadsley Tombstone-Short-day Money-Owned"-RecognizedNeologism: "Budget "-Curious Epitaph-Christian Names -Ornithological Note, 66. QUERIES:-"Et tu, Brute "-Dr. Faustus-C. Drury-Sir C. Lucas-Nash's "History of Worcestershire"-Anne Gilbert, nee Taylor, 67-Asheton Family-Heraldic-Shakspeare Fawkes the Conjuror-Carlyle's Essays-Nottingham-Historic Sites in England-Wm. Cobbett, 68-"John Jones, Phisition "-"Muscular Christianity -"Romanes "Nine-murder "-The Merry Meal-H. Walrond-Authors and Quotations Wanted, 69. REPLIES:-The Stewarts of Appin, 70-" Hudibras," 71S. Wale, R.A.-The Site of Calvary, 72-"Such as should be saved," &c.-The Long-tailed Titmouse, 73-QuarteringsHalkett's "Dictionary of Anonymous Literature"-" His toire des Troubles," &c." The Crimes of the Clergy"-The Roe or Row Famlly, 74-The Bath Waters-"W" and "V" Bust of Byron-Ancient Egyptian Linen-Macgowan's "Dia was printed in Amsterdam, which would account for the word "shops" and some other strange things. Next we have the word "platform" used much in the same manner as at present in the United States of America. Thus he writes of the Dutch Church, in which there were different classes: "Having at once shaken off the yoke of Spain and Rome, as they unhappily fell into a commonwealth on the one hand, so they settled in a classical way on the other for the ministers that promoted their Reformation, being addicted to Mr. Calvin and his platform of Geneva, established that among them, rather as that which suited with their interest and constitution, than as what corresponded with truth: they cannot have the Primitive Church Government if they would, and our men that pretend to a conformity with them, as the reason of their non-conformity with us, will not have it thought they could-where every Burgess is a King, its fit every minister should be a Bishop." 66 And, alluding to the maintenance of the ministers, They maintain them with pensions, not exceed-Chaucer's "Prologue "-Shooting Stars-Thorwaldsen's ing an 100l. a year, whereby they keep them in logues of Devils," 75-The Earliest Known Book-Plates-compass and dependance, yet providing for their Pauca macula" in Scott's Novels-Yonty Fequest-wives maintenance and their childrens education." Heraldic-St. Andrew's Day-Book-Plates, 76-Mrs. Macaulay-Graham-Voltaire's Portraits-Black Ink-A Folk-Lore Among the various duties of the ministers he Society—“Incidit in Scyllam"-Joannes de Sacro Bosco, 78 mentions one that seems strange in a nation so "Lemur"-Shelley's" (Edipus"-Axel Oxenstjerna-Miss fond of liberty as the Dutch. He says, “Upon Kitty Cuthbertson-J. G. Bell's Tracts on Topography, &c, 78-Rev. W. Reading-Sokotra-Fish Counters-The invitation he shall go and visit the sick and advise Smallest Books in the World-Clergy Lists-Authors and how to settle his estate in this world, and prepare Quotations Wanted, 79. himself for another." Next we have a tit-bit for our teetotalers : Notes. "THE DUTCH DRAWN TO THE LIFE." This curious little book appears to have been published with the object of inducing Parliament to grant large supplies to Charles II. for a war with the Dutch, and to render that popular. Some of the information seems to have been derived from official sources, but it is too varied to give much here. There are, however, a few scraps which may perhaps find a fitting place in "N. & Q." Facing the title-page is a portrait of the Prince of "Aurange "our William III. when young-and behind him two other portraits, probably those of the brothers De Witt. Below them are four vessels and the old church at the Briel. The author tells us, alluding to Holland, "It is competently populous, containing wel-nigh 3 millions of men wel-proportioned, great lovers of our English Beer." Next we have "wood scarce (in Zealand), the defect is supplied with Holland turfes and Scotch Coales." Then "Betuwe, between the Rhine and Wael, so fruitful that there was a Guelderland bull sold in Antwerp anno 1570 that weighed 3200 pounds." The following is rather puzzling. Alluding to the Palace at the Hague, he says:"Within this building is a Hall of Irish wood, hung with Booksellers, and Painters shops, with Silver-coat armour, Trumpets, &c., won at Turne, Hout, and Flanders." Perhaps the book "By their Excise, which riseth with their charge, the more mony they pay, the more they receive again, in that insensible but profitable way: what is exhaled up in clouds falls back again in showers: what the Souldier receives in pay he payes in Drink: their very enemies, though they hate the state, yet love their liquor, and pay excise the most idle, slothful, and most improvident, that selleth his blood for drink, and his flesh for bread, serves at his own charge, for every pay day he payeth his sutler, and he the common purse." It seems however, by what follows, that this did not prevent the Dutch from taxing heavily foreign beer, or, as regarded the soldier, taxing him indirectly, for "they put forty dayes in the Souldiers moneth for pay, and so save a great deal of money, and (? but) pay exactly, which prevents a great deal of disorder incident to more needy armies." Speaking of the fundamental constitution of the State, the author gives article seven, "That none sell his Possession without publick consent." Surely he must have written "profession." Of the Dutch he says: "They are the Jewes of the New Testament, that have changed onely the Law for the Gospel." "The Dutch mans building is not large, but neat; handsome on the outside, on the inside hung with pictures not tapistry, he that hath not bread to eat hath a picture." "Their habitations are kept handsomer then their bodies, and their bodies then their soules: at first sight you find the and-Irons shut up in net work, next the warming pan muffled in Italian work, next that the sconce clad in Cambrick, and like a crown advanced in the middle of the house." |