manor of Norbrith, Nonbrith, or Norbright, now a farm, about two miles south of the village, is mentioned as one of the manors settled by Sir J. Evelyn in 1653 on the marriage of his son with Mary Farmer. It has been some time the property of the Snow family, and is now in the occupation of Mr. Hall, farmer." Manning's Surrey, vol. ii. p. 330, states that "in 1337 (10 Edward III:) John de Latimer died seised of the manor of Norbrith." But these authorities are silent on one point, viz., the origin of the name and its first application to the estate under consideration. My impression is that its derivative roots are Saxon.. The word has evidently become corrupted from the original term. I wish very much to ascertain the meaning of the name. ARCHEOLOGIST.

New Testament, he said that the word used in the "THE MANOR OF NORBRITH."-At about two Greek for wine, ovos, was, like our own word miles from the village of Godstone, in Surrey, is "wine," a general term, and might mean either an situated the manor of Nobright. Brayley's Surrey, intoxicating or an unintoxicating beverage, accord-vol. iv. p. 137, tells me that "the manor or reputed ing to circumstances. For instance, as I understood him, had the narrative of the miracle wrought by our Lord at Cana, or of the Last Supper, or St. Paul's advice to Timothy to "take a little wine for his stomach's sake and his often infirmities," been written in Hebrew, the word used for wine in all these passages would have been tirosh; whereas in the apostolic warning, "Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess," it would have been shekar or yayin. Now, I have been a total abstainer myself for nearly twenty years, but being unconnected with any Temperance body I have no esprit de corps to keep up, and I confess that the above statements, so far as they refer to the prohibition of fermented, and the permission to drink unfermented, wine, appear to me in the highest degree improbable-indeed, almost absolute nonsense. As, however, I am entirely ignorant of Hebrew, I cannot take upon myself positively to assert this. The writer went so far as to say that he was ready, when called upon to do so, to prove that the wine made by our Lord at the marriage feast at Cana was unfermented, which seems to me rather a bold assertion.

A writer in "N. & Q." about fourteen years ago, signing himself "S. L., an Unpledged Total Abstainer," dealt with the subject of the wine of the Bible, which he maintained was certainly fermented, and consequently of an intoxicating nature; but he did not go into this question of the distinction between yayin and tirosh. Will some of your readers and contributors who are acquainted with Hebrew help me with their knowledge, and do what they can to clear up the difficulty of the various distinctions between yayin, shekar, tirosh, &c.? It is rather curious that Cruden, in his Concordance, states that the wines of Palestine, so far from being unfermented grapejuice, were "heady." I daresay, however, that teetotallers (I am speaking of extreme ones like the writer I have been quoting) are ready enough to grant this; only they maintain, I presume, that the good Jews did not use these heady wines, but limited themselves to the harmless tirosh. It is easy to understand the "pull" it would give the Good Templars and other Temperance men over their opponents if they could once for all prove that the Bible absolutely forbids the use of fermented wine just as much as the Koran does; but "Credat Judæus Apella, non ego."

I have stated that I am a total abstainer, and as I do not care to publish my personal habits to all and sundry, I will depart from my usual custom of appending my name to my articles, and will simply sign myself

AN OLD CONTRIBUTOR.

PHILIP STUBBS.-I am anxious to learn any particulars respecting the life of Philip Stubbs, the author of The Anatomie of Abuses, 1583, &c., his birthplace, father's name, where he died, &c. Wood, Athen. Oxon., says that he "was born of genteel parents, but where, one of his descendants of both his names, who is a Vintner, living in the Parish of St. Andrew's Undershaft, London, knows not." This latter Philip was son of "Richard Stubbs, Gent., of Chiselhurst, Kent, Clerk of the Check to Henrietta Maria, Consort of Charles I." Was this Richard son or grandson of the author of The Anatomie of Abuses?

Katherine, wife of Philip Stubbs, whose life and death are described in The Christall Glasse for Christian Women, died at Burton-on-Trent, when not quite twenty-one years of age, as related in her life, after having given birth to a son. Was the above Richard this son, or did Philip marry again?'

Wood also says that "near of kin, if not brother or father to this Philip, was Joh. Stubs, of Lincoln's Inn, Gent., a most rigid Puritan, author of A Discoverie of a Gaping Gulf for England by another French Marriage, &c." What was the exact relationship?

In the Shakespeare Soc. Papers, vol. iv., 1849;. Mr. James Purcell Reardon gives some specimens of Stubbs's writing, and promises 66 on a future occasion to furnish some particulars of his life which have hitherto escaped notice but are worth preserving." Were these ever published? Any information on these points will much oblige. HENRY STUBBS, B.A.

Danby, Ballyshannon.

MEDALLIC ARTISTS.-Can any one give me the best authorities on the lives and works of the following medallic artists: Bain, Faulkner, Hilliard,. Kirk, Milton, Pidgeon, Pingo, Stothard, Webb,,

Wolff, Wyon, Yeo? Also, who was I. V. N., whose
initials appear on a medal of the Duke of Cum-
berland?
P. C.
ADDISON'S HYMNS BY MARVELL.-A writer
says, in the New Church Quarterly (art. "Magazine
Literature"), "Many persons are amazed to hear
that 'The spacious firmament on high' and' When
all thy mercies, O my God,' are not Addison's,
but Andrew Marvell's." What is the authority
for this, or in what edition of Marvell are the
hymns? They are not in the only one I can con-
sult, which purports to be complete-one published
1870 by Murray, of Queen Square.

Bexhill.

C. F. S. WARREN, M.A.

[In addition to what has been already said on this subject in "N. & Q." (1st S. v. 439, 513, 548, 597; ix. 373, 424, and especially 4th S. ii. 356, where BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. demolishes the theory that Marvell wrote Addison's hymns), we add the following, from Mr. Miller's Singers and Songs of the Church (third edit., p. 124, Longmans, 1869): "The claim to two of Addison's hymns [the two named above] for Andrew Marvell, put forth by Captain Thompson in an edition of Marvell's Works, 1776, having been recently revived, we have examined the correspondence on the subject in the Gentleman's Magazine at that time, and are convinced that the external evidence is not sufficient to maintain his claim, and that the internal evidence is entirely against it."]

PORTRAITS OF CHARLES II. AND CROMWELL.

and altogether omits the highest known waterfall
in the world, the Great Yosemite Fall in California.
Such cyclopædias, too, as I have seen do not treat
the subject as it deserves. I learn that the latest
work is Herbinius's Dissertationes de Cataractis,
1678; can you or any of your readers inform me
where I can obtain or inspect a copy? I also hear
that a similar work is now being compiled. Can
you tell me the name of the publisher?
A. G. G.

"Cos."-What is the origin of the prefix cos as
applied to cos lettuces? It may be accredited with
such lore as that these kinds, or species, were first
introduced from the island of Cos, a name now, by
the way, obsolete, I believe. I should like some
data whereon to establish the fact, however, pro or
con.
WILLIAM EARLEY.

CROSS KEYS ON ST. PETER'S CHURCH, CAMBRIDGE.-Above the east window on the gable end of this church are two large iron keys welded together cross-ways, the handles forming rests on the gable, and the wards pointing upwards transversely. St. Peter's is said to be more than 700 years old. Is there any other known instance of the keys being thus placed? J. E. T. Cambridge.

NATURALIZATION.-Can any of your readers At Boscobel House, which was, as I suppose every-official register was kept of foreigners who were inform me if, during the seventeenth century, an body knows, the scene of Charles II.'s escape from naturalized as English citizens? I wish to trace his pursuers in the oak tree and in various secret the pedigree of a family settled in Worcestershire. hiding-places, there is, over the fireplace in the large dining-room, a very fine portrait of Charles F.R.S.A. (Scot.). II., evidently taken whilst he was in the prime of life. It is a half-length, and the monarch has on his regal robes. In the oratory, which leads out of the dining-room, there is a picture of Cromwell, very much inferior, in point of execution, to that of the king. This also is a half-length, and in it the Protector wears a coat of mail. Can any reader tell me, or give me any information by which I may find out for myself, who were the respective painters of these pictures? I do not think there is a doubt that the portrait of the king is an original, but I am inclined to think the Cromwell a copy.

Wolverhampton.

J. PENDEREL BRODHURST.

THE GREAT WATERFALLS OF THE WORLD.-I shall be much obliged if you can give me any information, either through the medium of your columns or by reference, respecting the most celebrated waterfalls, of which I am collecting descriptions and statistics. Most geographical writers appear to have dealt with the subject very superficially, and the table of thirty celebrated waterfalls in the Universal Geography (Relig. Tract Soc., 1876) is very inaccurate in its statistics,

GEORGE GARROW: MRS. SELINA UPTON.-I have before me a MS. vol. of poems, said to be written by George Garrow, never printed, and to be copied in part by Mrs. Selina Upton. They were written about thirty years ago in India, and contain many allusions to the manners, &c., of that country. The MS. is in two different handwritings. I desire to obtain information concerning both author and scribe. FRAXINUS.

THOMAS HARRIS, 1739-1820.-I should be much obliged if any correspondent could kindly enlighten me as to the parentage of Thomas Harris (born 1739, died 1820), the celebrated lessee of Covent Garden Theatre. C. S. HARRIS.

BANKS FAMILY.-Can any of my English cousins throw light on the ancestry of Richard Banks, who was at York, Me., in 1649? The smallest hint will be acceptable, and aid me greatly in a history of the Banks family of America, for which I am gathering material. It is thought that he came from Warwickshire. I should be pleased to correspond with some one on the matter.

CHARLES E. BANKS. 111, Lincoln Street, Portland, Me., U.S.A.

"I know naught but that heart's faith shall not part muniment room of Lincoln Cathedral, I am in

rouse the heart and lead the will By a bright ladder to the world above." For my own part, notwithstanding his excellent intentions, I should be inclined to class the man who could gravely propose to sweep out the archives from Lincoln Cathedral (even with the intention of docketing them in iron pigeon-holes in "a comfortable room" in Fetter Lane) with those who, two centuries ago, stripped the same building of its brasses. There would, of course, be a considerable difference in the two actions, but it would only be a difference of degree. Now, however, when the policy of dispersing our centralized fine art collections throughout the proviuces is making such rapid progress, I cannot conceive that the centralization of archives will meet with much favour.

grants be made by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, or by the Treasury, towards their efficient arrangement, making all due provision for public access?

of it is as contrary to its present condition as words could possibly make it. Enormous labour has been expended by the Rev. Canon J. F. Wickenden in the classification, &c., of all the early documents and charters of this peculiarly rich collection. I have some experience of the condition of chapter and other corporate archives, and I have no hesitation in saying that the arrangements at Lincoln are the most admirable and perfect of their kind. The suggestion that the Oxford pre-Reformation records could be easily separated and removed from those at Lincoln seems to me more than doubtful, and could not have been made by any one acquainted with the nature of many of these documents. To do so would involve the complete mutilation of numerous early chartularies that are engrossed on each side of the parchment. But perhaps your corre- By all means let every care be taken to see that spondent may refer to the episcopal registers of those who have the custody of important docuthe ancient see of Lincoln, which I have not con- ments do their duty. Could not the powers of sulted; yet, if these were kept like those of various the existing Historic MSS. Commission be exother sees, such a separation would be still more tended, so as to include a report on all capitular, impossible, for the institutions and other episcopal episcopal, corporation, and county archives? And acts relative to particular benefices are not, as athen, in cases where it was necessary, might not rule, so classified as to make the abduction of a portion feasible without destroying the whole. It seems probable that Derbyshire will this year obtain a bishop of its own, but that portion of the Lichfield episcopal registers (which are nearly per- With regard to parish registers, an extensive fect from the close of the thirteenth century down-acquaintance with them in Derbyshire and other wards) pertaining to this county could not be counties obliges me to admit that much of what is separated by any other process than transcribing. said of their custody is true. I believe that, in the The importance of preserving and giving con- majority of cases, no more admirable or jealous ditional access to historic documents, both secular custodians could be found than the parish clergy, and ecclesiastical, appears now to be for the most but then in this, as in all cases, provision should part fully recognized by those in whose charge be made against the heedless minority. During they remain. I may mention that the ancient the present century the old register of Hartington, capitular archives of Lichfield are passing through Derbyshire, from 1554 to 1610, has been lost, and the capable hands of Bishop Hobhouse, and the in two other parishes in the county, to my own county records of Derbyshire are being most knowledge, the old registers have been grievously thoroughly and laboriously classified by C. R. mutilated within the last ten years. Only last Colvile, Esq., the ex-High-Sheriff. As a pro- year I saw two instances of the value put upon revincial antiquary, I desire to enter a most earnest gisters in certain parishes (I give the editor the protest against the centralization of all documents names of all I mention). In one case, I found the in London. The warehousing of all registers and registers-dating back to 1538-in the clerk's other local documents, in one central storehouse, house, and the particular volume to which I wished would entail additional trouble and expense on to refer on a small table close to the fire in his nine out of ten persons desirous of consulting such cottage, the leaves being propped open by a halfdocuments for any practical or useful purpose. consumed pot of beer and a short pipe, the ashes Moreover, the true spirit of archæology, apart from in which were still warm, as the clerk had been professional book-making, would be sadly thwarted suddenly called off from the copying of an entry. by the adoption of any such proposal. The student The place in which the registers were kept was a who might have to look for some ancient church small cupboard, destitute of a lock, and not two document in a narrow lane of the City, instead of feet distant from the fireplace. In the other case within the very building to which it pertained, as the registers were kept in the vestry; but the vestry in the muniment room over the Galilee porch of was and is used as a day school, and not only as a Lincoln Cathedral, would miss all the collateral day school, but as a mid-day refreshment room for associations that give life and reality to the faded those scholars who come from a distance. On one parchment before him, to say nothing of those occasion I saw a lad of a cleanly disposition, preinstincts that paratory to attacking an apple, wipe his knife, with

Lord Romilly's laudable plan of bringing all the old registers to London. But there is not the least appearance of this being done, and therefore I offered my suggestions for their publication. I think, too, even if the registers were in London, as proposed, and accessible at fixed hours to those with whom such researches are a profession and not merely an enchanting relaxation from daily business, that the annual issue of two or three register volumes would be none the less desirable and welcome.

For

which he had been cutting his bread and bacon, between the parchment leaves of one of the old parish registers that was lying uncared for on the absent master's desk. Something, then, should be done to ensure the due care of these registers. I should be very loath to see them removed from their own parishes, and cannot help thinking that a penalty attaching to neglect to keep them within a fire-proof safe would be sufficient. But if this should not suffice, surely it would be far preferable for the early registers of each archdeaconry, county, or possibly diocese, to be gathered together, rather SIR JOHN MACLEAN speaks, alas! too truly, than have them deposited in any central pan- when he says that "in many parish registers technicon, liable to the destruction of a single there is not one entry in a hundred that one person conflagration, and only accessible to travelled or in a hundred thousand, or one genealogist in a moneyed antiquaries. I believe, however, that a hundred, would care an iota about. Still, I would very brief Bill, which would be amply sufficient to chance it that each register would contain many secure the careful guardianship of our parish re-entries interesting to every genealogist. gisters, could easily be drafted, and readily made myself, I may remark that I never yet examined a law. Until such a scheme has been tried and register in which I did not find some entry which proved a failure, I sincerely hope that local archæo-would have been worth ten shillings to me-about logists will vigorously resist all efforts to deprive the price each volume will cost us if we issue two our village churches of those parish annals which a year. it is now the rule and not the exception to value and cherish. MR. LODOWICK says that strong proof will be obtained from early church documents "that those who possessed large territories voluntarily granted in perpetuity lands and tithes to the ministers of religion who ministered in holy things to the people of their estates." This is somewhat beside the question, and involves a topic perhaps too polemical for "N. & Q.," but I am sure I shall be permitted to say in reply that, though I have a large acquaintance with the earliest extant church charters, I have never seen or heard of a single one that would corroborate such an assertion, so far as tithes are concerned. Landed proprietors did not give tithes to the churches on their estates, for that would have been a work of supererogation, as the law of the land compelled them or their tenants to pay them. But they possessed the power of alienating the greater part of these tithes to distant monastic and other establishments. Hence the people of their estates" frequently suffered great spiritual privations, and this was so seriously the case in the Peak in the thirteenth century that it gave rise to the interference of the Metropolitan. The gift of lands was in almost all cases coupled with services that could not be performed by the Reformed Church, and hence the alienation into secular hands of the chantry and other like endowments. J. CHARLES COX.

I gather from the many private letters I have received (and I here return my hearty thanks for the offers of support they all contain) that the general opinion is that I propose a scheme of great magnitude and attended with many difficulties. SIR JOHN MACLEAN, MR. LODOWICK, and MR. BOWER have pointed to, as more practicable,

I certainly would not confine the provincial publications to one district or county. Nevertheless, with SIR JOHN MACLEAN, I think it would be most desirable to first print, as far as possible, the London registers. In a receipt for dressing hare, Mrs. Glasse's cookery-book, tradition tells us, wisely said, "first catch your hare." Similarly, having obtained the sanction of the clergyman, I propose we should commence with one of what I may term the great "marrying" churches, so as to make our first volume generally interesting. But still more important and necessary would it be for us to pay the parties in whose charge they are for the loan of all existing Gretna Green registers, making clear to their owners that certified copies would still be required as hitherto, and therefore no loss would be entailed by their publication. As for the provincial registers, I suggest that those of the cathedrals of England, which will surely be of general interest, be first given to the world. The Deans and Chapters of Westminster, York, and Durham have already, with that disinterestedness and intelligence which should distinguish the most learned and important bodies in the world, permitted their registers to be published. Why not follow with St. Paul's and Canterbury?

Of course, I never contemplated printing every register in England and Wales. I merely think that half a loaf is better than no bread. My plan, I am assured, would induce many private persons to print registers by subscription, or even at their own cost. Since I first mooted this among my friends, one of them already has undertaken to print the entire registers of one of the largest parishes in the very important county from which I write. I observe, too, advertised every month