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State of the Eastern empire in the tenth century.--Extent and divi-
sion.-Wealth and revenue.-Palace of Constantinople.-Titles and
offices.-Pride and Power of the emperors.-Tactics of the Greeks,
Arabs, and Franks.- Loss of the Latin tongue.-Studies and soli-
tude of the Greeks.
CHAP. LIV.
Origin and doctrine of the Paulicians.-Their_persecution by the
Greek emperors.-Revolt in Armenia, &c.—Transplantation into
Thrace.-Propagation in the West.-The seeds, character, and
consequences, of the reformation.
A.D.
Supine superstition of the Greek church
660 Origin of the Paulieians, or disciples of St. Paul
Their bible
The simplicity of their belief and worship
They hold the two principles of the Magians and
Manichæans
PAGE.
165
167
168
170
171
The establishment of the Paulicians in Armenia
Pontus, &c.
172
Persecution of the Greek emperors
.174
855-880. Revolt of the Paulicians
176
They fortify Tephrice
177
And pillage Asia Minor
178
Their decline
180
Their transplantation from Armenia to Thrace Their introduction into Italy and France
ib.
184
1200 Persecution of the Albigeois
187
186
Character and consequences of the reformation
CHAP. LV
The Bulgarians.-Origin, migrations, and settlement, of the Hun-
garians.-Their inroads in the East and West.-The monarchy of
Russia.-Geography and trade.-Wars of the Russians against
the Greek empire.-Conversion of the Barbarians.
A. D.
950 Geography and trade of Russia
Naval expeditions of the Russians against Con-
stantinople
222
226
865 The first
228
The Saracens, Franks, and Greeks, in Italy.-First adventures and
settlements of the Normans.-Character and conquests of Robert
Guiscard, duke of Apulia.-Deliverance of Sicily by his brother
Roger.-Victories of Robert over the emperors of the East and
West.-Roger, king of Sicily, invades Africa and Greece.-The
emperor Manuel Comnenus.-Wars of the Greeks and Normans.—
Extinction of the Normans.
840-1017 Conflict of the Saracens, Latins, and Greeks,
in Italy
871 Conquest of Bari
890 New province of the Greeks in Italy
983 Defeat of Otho III.
1049-1054 League of the pope and the two empires
1053 Expedition of pope Leo IX. against the Normans
His defeat and captivity
Origin of the papal investitures to the Normans
1020-1085 Birth and character of Robert Guiscard
1054-1080 His ambition and success
1060 Duke of Apulia
His Italian conquests
School of Salerno
244
246
247
249
250
254
257
258
260
261
262
264
265
266
267
268
272
273
274
276
Return of Robert, and actions of Bohemond
1081 The emperor Henry III. invited by the Greeks
1081-1084 Besieges Rome
1155 He reduces Apulia and Calabria
1155-1174 His desire of acquiring Italy and the Wes-
tern empire
Failure of his designs
1104 Conquest of the kingdom of Sicily by the emperor
Henry VI.
1204 Final extinction of the Normans
277
278
282
285
288
291
294
295
297
299
300
301
304
305
307
308
309
312
313
314
315
317
319
321
322
323
324
326
329
CHAP. LVII.
The Turks of the house of Seljuk.-Their revolt against Mahmud,
conqueror of Hindostan.-Togrul subdues Persia, and protects the
caliphs.-Defeat and captivity of the emperor Romanus Drogenes
by Alp Arslan-Power and magnificence of Malek Shah.-Con-
quest of Asia Minor and Syria.-State and oppression of Jerusa-
lem.-Pilgrimages to the holy sepulchre.