tear-bag none; nose subcervine, with a marginal muffle; hoofs narrowed in front, false hoofs large; teats four (two, Harris). In the skull there is a slight suborbital fissure, but no pit, and the grinders have supplementary lobes.

*Horns straight.

1. ORYX GAZELLA. The KOOKAAM or GEMSBOC.

Horns straight, shelving backwards; throat with a bunch of black hairs; black streak on the face, conjoined under the chin; rump, face, spinal line, lateral streak, and very broad band on the thigh and cubitus black in summer. Young pale brown; hairs blackish at the

base.

Capra Gazella, Linn.--Antilope Oryx, Pallas; H. Smith.-4. bezoartica, Pallas.-A. recticornis, Erxl.; Pallas, Nov. Comm. Petrop. xiii. t. 10. f. 6.-Oryx Capensis, Ogilby; Harris, W. A. A. t. 9.O. Gazella, Gray, Knows. Menag. 17. t. 16. f. 2, young.

Inhabits S. Africa; Cape of Good Hope. Brit. Mus. Adult and young.

2. ORYX BEISA. The BEISA.

Horns straight; throat without any bunch of hairs; black facestreaks separate. Pale; face, belly and limbs white; front of face, two streaks on cheek, narrow line along throat, dorsal streak, streak on each side of abdomen, band round upper part, and streak in front of lower part of fore-leg and end of tail black."

Antilope Beisa, Rüppell, Atlas, t. 5.-Oryx Beisa, Sundevall.A. Dammah, Rüppell.

Inhabits Abyssinia. Mus. Frankfort.

There is a male and female in the Frankfort Museum; they are smaller than A. Gazella of the Cape, and both have the face-streaks separate there is a black streak on the throat, as in A. Gazella, but no bunch, nor is there any in the Frankfort specimen of A. Gazella: the mane of the nape of the male is small, indistinct, continued behind in a broader dark streak to the middle of the loins. In the male the mane is blackish, in the female like the back. They have no dark mark on the rump, found in A. Gazella.

** Horns arched, recurved.

3. ORYX LEUCORYX. The ORYX.

Horns slender, slightly arched: white, reddish varied; in winter greyish.

Antilope leucoryx, Pallas; Ehrenb. S. P. t. 3; Licht. Saugth. t. 1. --A. ensicornis, Ehrenb.-A. Algazella, Rüpp. t. .-A. Gazella, Pallas.-A. bezoartica, Erxl.; H. Smith.-Algazelle, F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. .-A. Eleotragus, Schreb. t. (not descrip.)-Oryx leucorya, Gray, Knows. Menag. 17. t. 16. f. 1, young; t. 17, adult. Inhabits N. and W. Africa; Nubia; Sennaar; Senegal. Brit. Mus. I have compared the Nubian and Senegal specimens, and cannot discover any difference between them.

D. Throat slightly maned, neck simple.

22. ADDAX; Oryx, part Blainv. and others; Gazella, part H. Smith.

Horns slender, elongate, ringed, slightly spirally twisted, nearly on a line with the face; neck with a slight gular, but no nuchal mane; nose ovine, hairy; hoofs semicircular, edged; tear-bag marked by a tuft of hair; forehead longly hairy.

White; forehead and front of face darker; grey in winter.

Antilope nasomaculatus, Blainv. Bull. Soc. Phil. 1816, 78; H. Smith.-A. Addax, Licht. Saugth. t. 2; Rüpp. Atlas, t. 7; Mam. Lith. t...-A. suturosa, Otto, N. A. Nat. Cur. xii. t. 48; Griffith, A. K. t. 180.-A. gibbosa, Savi.—A. Tao, H. Smith.-A. Mytilopes, H. Smith, G. A. K. t. 182, 183. f. 6.-Strepsiceros, Cajus.--Addax, F. Cuvier, Mam. Lith. t. (winter and summer); Ehrenberg, S. Phys. t. 4, male and female.-Capra Cervicapra, Linn. S. N. ed. 10. -Ant. Cervicapra, Children, Denham Trav.-Addax nasomaculatus, Gray, Knows. Men. 17. t. 18.

Inhabits N. Africa. Brit. Mus.

3. The GOAT-LIKE ANTELOPES have a very short flat tail, hairy above. They have heavy bodies, covered with rough, rigid or woolly fur, strong legs, large hoofs and false hoofs. The horns are conical and recurved.

A. Nose cervine, muffle moderate; horns short, inclined, recurved. 23. CAPRICORNIS, Ogilby; Nemorhedus, part H. Smith. Horns short, strong, conical, ringed, inclined and recurved, arising behind the orbits; nose cervine, muffle moderate, bald; tear-bag and interdigital pores large; skull with a more or less deep rounded pit, and no suborbital fissure; grinders without supplemental lobes. Asia.

1. CAPRICORNIS SUMATRENSIS. The CAMBING OUTAN. Black; chin and linear nuchal mane yellowish, especially near the withers; inside of the ears white. Young like the adult.

Antilope Sumatrensis, Shaw; H. Smith, G. A. K. t. 189 (cop. from); F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. -A. interscapularis, Licht.Capricornis Sumatrensis, Gray, Knows. Menag. 18.

Inhabits Sumatra. Mus. Leyden.

2. CAPRICORNIS BUBALINA. The THAAR OF THAR.

Grey brown, blackish washed; crown and dorsal line black; thighs and outside of legs rufous; nose, chin, inside of ear, lower part of mane and legs below the hocks whitish.

Antilope Bubalina, Hodgson, P. Z. S. 1832, 12.-A. Thar, Hodgson.-Nemorhedus proclivis, Hodgson.-Capricornis Bubalina, Gray, Knows. Menag. 18.

Inhabits India; Nepal. Mus. Brit.

A head was sent to the United Service Museum by Lieut.-Colonel Childers, of the 11th Dragoons, in 1820, under the name of Serow or Imo. "It is not speedy, as might be inferred from its make. Its flesh is very coarse and bad. It is usually killed with poisoned arrows."-Hodgson, 1. c. 14.

3. CAPRICORNIS? CRISPA.

The JAPANESE GOAT ANTElope.

Fur very fine, elongate, rather woolly, crisp; brown or brownish ; feet and ears darker; throat whitish: female paler; tear-bag a naked spot?

Antilope crispa, Temm. Faun. Japan. t. 18, 19.-Capricornis crispa, Gray, Knows. Menag. 18.

Inhabits Japan. Mus. Leyden.

** Nose ovine, hairy, without any muffle; horns short, conical, recurved, ringed.

24. NEMORHEDUS, part H. Smith; Kemas, Hodgson.

Horns short, conical, inclined and recurved, arising from behind the orbits; nose ovine, hairy; muffle none; tear-bag none; interdigital pores large; fur short.

1. NEMORHEDUS GORAL. The GORAL.

Grey brown, black punctulated; streak on lower part of back of neck blackish; cheeks, chin and upper part of throat white; front of fore-legs blackish; feet rufous. Young paler; dorsal line rather darker.

Antilope Goral, Hardw. Linn. Trans. xiv. t. 14; Calcutta J. N. H. i. t. 12. f. 2, 3.-A. Goural, Hodgson.-Bouquetin du Nepaul, F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. (copy from Hardw.)-A. Duvaucellii, H. Smith. -Nemorhedus Goral, H. Smith; Gray, Knows. Menag. 18.

Inhabits Nepal. Brit. Mus.

A. Duvaucelli (H. Smith) was described from a drawing traced from one of General Hardwicke's figures of this species, and badly coloured, which Duvaucel sent to Paris without any notes. It has

no connection with C. Sumatrensis, to which many naturalists have referred it. In the Bengal Journal two Antelopes, said to resemble the Goral, are mentioned as found in Affghanistan, one called Suja

and the other Goomast.

25. MAZAMA, Rafinesque; Aplocerus, H. Smith.

Horns small, conical, nearly erect, slightly inclined and recurved at the tip, ringed at the base; nose ovine, hairy; muffle none; tearbag none fur short, under fur woolly, outer very long, hairy and dependent.

1. MAZAMA AMERICANA. The MAZAMA or SPRINGBUCK. White; horns, hoof and edge of nostrils black.

Rupicapra Americana, Blainv.-Antilope Americana, Desm.Capra Americana, Rich. F. B. A. 268. t. 22.—Ovis montana, Ord.—

Capra montana, Harlan.-A. lanigera, H. Smith.—Mazama dorsata and M. sericea, Rafin.-A. Mazama and Apl. Femmamazama, H. Smith.-Capra? Columbiana, Desmoul.-Rock Mountain Sheep, Jameson, Mem. Wern. Soc. iii. 306.—Mazama Americana, Gray, K. M. 19.

Inhabits N. America; Rocky Mountains. Mus. Linn. Soc. and Zool. Soc.

26. RUPICAPRA, H. Smith; Capella, Keys. & Blas.; Kemas, Ogilby. Horns elongate, slender, erect, recurved at the tip; nose ovine, hairy; muffle none; fur soft; skull without any pit, and with a minute suborbital fissure; grinders without supplemental lobes, cutting-teeth equal-sized, erect.

1. RUPICAPRA TRAGUS. The CHAMOISE or GERUS.

Brown yellowish, with a dark dorsal streak in summer, blackish in winter.

Capra Rupicapra, Linn.--A. Rupicapra, Pallas; H. Smith, G.A.K. t. 90.-Rupicapra Tragus, Gray, K. M. 19.-R. Capella, Bonap.R. pyrenaica, Bonap.--Tragus Dorcas, Klein.-Chamoise, Buffon, H. N. xii. t. 16; F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t.

Inhabits S. Europe; Switzerland, Pyrenees, and Pindarus. Brit. Mus.

I have compared the Swiss, Pyrenean and Greek specimens, and cannot find any character to separate them.

27. ANTILOCAPRA, Ord; Dicranocerus, H. Smith;
Oreammos, Rafin.; Cervus, Blainv.

Horns erect, the base compressed with a flattened process in front, the end conical, recurved; nose ovine, hairy; muffle none; fur very close; hair stiff, coarse, flattened, wavy; tail very short; false hoofs none; tear-bag none; inguinal pores none; legs rather slenderer than the other Goat Antelopes; skull without any suborbital depression, but with a lengthened fissure; grinders without supplemental lobes, cutting-teeth equal-sized and shelving.

1. ANTILOCAPRA AMERICANA. The CABRIT or PRONGHORN. Pale fulvous; upper part of rump white.

Antilope Americana, Ord, 1815.-A. furcifer, A. palmata, H. Smith, Linn. Trans. xiv. t. 2, 3; G. A. K. t. 178. t. 199. f. 1–5; Richards. Z. B. A. t. 21.- Cervus hamatus, Blainv.-C. bifurcatus, Rafin.-Antilocapra Americana, Ord; Gray, K. M. 19.

Inhabits N. America; in the plains in summer and in the mountains in winter. Called the Goat. Mexico (Coulter). Brit. Mus. Dr. Coulter brought a head from Mexico which had the face dark brown, and the horns large, wide-spreading and much hooked at the tip, like the 4. palmata of H. Smith (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1826, 121). This is probably only a larger variety in the summer fur.

II. The ANTELOPES OF THE DESERT. Nostrils bearded within beneath, operculated, far apart; horns on the frontal ridge; nose subcervine, with a small muffle; legs rather stout; tail elongate; hoofs rather large.

4. The EQUINE ANTELOPES have a very depressed, spongy and bristly muzzle.

28. CATOBLEPAS, Gray; Connochates, Licht.; Bos, Forster.

Horns bent down on the sides, recurved at the tip; nose very broad, dilated, spongy, bristly; nostrils operculated; tail elongate, bushy, hairy from the base; hoofs compressed in front; teats four.

This genus has been placed with the Oxen by Forster, and in the Bovine group of genera by Sundevall, but it has all the characters of the true Antelopes in the proportion of its leg-bone.

* Nose with a crest of reversed hair; chest maned.

Catoblepas.

Brown or

1. CATOBLEPAS GNU. The GNU or KOKOON. Nose with a tuft of reversed hair; chest maned. blackish; the lower part of the mane and tail often paler or white. Young: pale fulvous; nasal, gular, and nuchal mane black.

Antilope Gnu, Sparm.; Zimmerm.-Bos Connochates, Forster.— Antilope taurina, Burchell.-C. Gnu, H. Smith.-C. taurina, H. Smith, not A. Smith.-Gnu, F. Cuvier, Mam. Lith. t.

; Harris,

W. A. A. t. 1.-Catoblepas Gnu, Gray, Knows. Menag. 19. t. 19. f. 1, young.

Var. Mane and tail black.

A. taurina, Burchell; A. Smith.
Inhabits S. Africa. Brit. Mus.

" and

Burchell

The A. Gnu of Burchell, H. Smith, F. Cuvier and Harris, the Kokong of Lichtenstein," has a white tail and mane. and H. Smith have given the name of A. taurina to the specimens, which have those parts black. When young they are fulvous, and become black as they reach maturity. The specimen of the Kokoon in the Museum of the London Missionary Society (Blomfield Street, Moorfields), named by Colonel H. Smith Kokoon (Cat. taurina, Griff. A. K. iv. 369, v. 368), is an adult common Gnu, C. Gnu (Var. mane and tail white; Kokong, Licht. Trav. Cape), and his description of Dr. Burchell's specimen in the British Museum agrees with the Gnu, in having the ridge of hair on the face. Indeed Dr. Burchell (Travels, ii. 278) appears to consider the difference between the Gnu and A. taurina, that the former has a white and the latter a black tail. Dr. Andrew Smith (Illust. Zool. S. A.) has regarded the C. taurina and C. Gorgon as the same species. Dr. Sundevall, in his Synopsis, has, by mistake, given the name of C. taurina to the Gorgon, or Brindled Gnu (C. Gorgon, H. Smith).