2. A MONOGRAPH OF MACROCHISMA, A GENUS OF GASTEROPODOUS MOLLUSCA BELONGING TO THE FAMILY FISSURELLIDE. BY ARTHUR ADAMS, R.N., F.L.S. MACROCHISMA, Swainson. Animal? Shell elongated, clypeiform, radiately ribbed, extremities elevated; foramen very large, elongated, placed near the hind part, with a groove posteriorly; the hind margin sinuated. 1. MACROCHISMA MAXIMA, A. Adams. M. testá oblongá, costis parum elevatis subrugosis, striisque concentricis obsoletis ornatá, fusco radiatim maculatá, dorso elevatá, lateribus planulatis, extremitate antica rotundatá; postica elevatá, subtruncatá; foramen dilatatum, posticè excavatum. Hab. ? 2. MACROCHISMA DILATATA, A. Adams. M. testá ovato-oblongá, radiatim costata, rubrá, albo variegata, utrinque rotundata, lateribus dilatatis; foramen oblongum, in medio angustatum. Hab. ? 3. MACROCHISMA HIATULA, Swainson, Manual of Malacology, p. 356. Fissurella macrochisma, Sow. M. testá ovato-oblongá, radiatim costellatá, fuscá, subdepressá, lateribus concavis, utrinque rotundatá; foramen magnum, oblongum, posticè dilatatum, extremitate posticá valdè elevatá; margine vix sinuato. Hab. ? 4. MACROCHISMA COMPRESSA, A. Adams. M. testá angustè oblonga, albidá, roseo radiatim pictá, costellis granulosis striisque concentricis decussatá, utrinque rotundatá, dorso convexá, lateribus compressis, in medio inflexis, extremitate posticá valdè elevatá; foramen magnum, lanceolatum, posticè dilatatum. Hab. ? 5. MACROCHISMA MEGATREMA, A. Adams. M. testá ovato-oblonga, albida, roseo radiatim pictá, costellis rugosis striisque concentricis sculptá, dorso subelevatá, lateribus planulatis; foramen ovato-lanceolatum, permagnum. Hab.? M. testá ovato-ob 6. MACROCHISMA CUSPIDATA, A. Adams. longa, anticè angustatâ, productá, acuminatá, posticè elevatá, rotundatá, margine valdè undulatá, fuscata, annulis fuscis concentricis ornata, lineis elevatis et concentricis cancellatá, circa foramen pallida, extremitate posticá valdè elevatá; foramen magnum, cuspidatum, posticè dilatatum. Hab. Cagayan, in insulis Philippinis; H. C. 7. MACROCHISMA PRODUCTA, A. Adams. (Mus. Cuming.) M. testá angusto oblongá, dorso elevatá, convexá, albidá, fusco pallide variegatá, lineis elevatis striisque concentricis obsoletè decussatá, anticè angustá, productá, lateribus planulatis, extremitate postica rotundatá, elevatá; margine valdè sinuatá; foramen perlongum, triangulare, posticè dilatatum. Hab. in littoribus Australia. (Mus. Cuming.) 8. MACROCHISMA ANGUSTATA, A. Adams. M. testá angustá, oblonga, dorso elevatá, utrinque rotundatá, albidá, lineis fuscis maculisque rufo-fuscis picta et tessellatá, costellis obtusis subrugosis, lineisque depressis, concentricis, subdistantibus, sculptá, extremitate postica elevatá, margine sinuato; foramen magnum, elongatum, subtriangulare, posticè dilatatum, excava 3. A MONOGRAPH OF MODULUS, A GENUS OF GASTEROPODOUS MOLLUSCA, OF THE FAMILY LITTORINIDÆ. BY ARTHUR ADAMS, R.N., F.L.S. MODULUS, Gray. Animal with the head proboscidiform, the tentacles tapering, with the eyes near their distal ends. Foot small, the sides simple, without lobes or filaments. Operculum thin, horny, orbicular, paucispiral. Shell globose or conical, whorls nodulous; aperture round, or quadrangular, not pearly within; columella anteriorly with a prominent lamelliform tooth; umbilicus more or less open. Modulus, Gray.-Turbo, sp. Adanson-Monodonta, sp. Lamck.Monodonta, Swains.-Morulus, Reeve. The aperture of the shell not being pearly within, and the animal being destitute of eye-peduncles, head- and foot-lobes or filaments, at once distinguishes this genus from Monodonta, and removes it from the family Trochida. 1. MODULUS LENTICULARIS, Chemnitz. Trochus lenticularis, Chem. Conch. 5. t. 171. f. 1665. Trochus modulus, Linn. Gmel. Hab. Mexico. (Mus. Cuming.) 2. MODULUS TECTUM, Gmel. Trochus tectum, Gmel. p. 3569. no. 16. Monodonta retusa, Lamck. Encyclop. Hab. Siquejar, Philippines; H. C. (Mus. Cuming.) 3. MODULUS CARCHEDONICUS, Lamck. Monodonta carchedonicus, Lamck. Hist. An.s. Vert. tom. vii. p. 33; Chem. Conch. 10. t. 165. f. 1583, 1584. Monodonta Sayii, Nuttall. Hab. Atooi, California; Nuttall. (Mus. Cuming.) 4. MODULUS CIDARIS, Reeve. Morulus cidaris, Reeve, Elements of Conch. p. 141. pl. 13. f. 63. Hab. St. Estivan; H. C. (Mus. Cuming.) 5. MODULUS CERODES, A. Adams. M. testá turbinatá, umbilicatá, albida, fusco sparsim inquinatá, lævigatá; anfractibus rotundatis, supra planulatis, in medio cingulá bituberculatá, infernè cingulis nodulosis ornatis; apertura rotunda; labio purpureo tincto, labro intus lævigato; umbilico profundo, callo columellari subobtecto. Hab. ad Fretum Mosambicum. (Mus. Cuming.) 6. MODULUS DUPLICATUS, A. Adams. M. testá orbiculato-conicá, umbilicata, cærulescenti, fusco variegatá, spirá prominulá, acutá; anfractibus planulatis, transversim sulcatis, ad peripheriam cingulis duabus tuberculorum compressorum ornatis, tuberculis rufo-fusco maculatis, infimá fascia convexa, concentricè sulcatá; apertura intus violascenti; labro margine angulato, intus lirato; umbilico mediocri. Hab.? (Mus. Cuming.) 7. MODULUS OBLIQUUS, A. Adams. M. testá orbiculato-conicá, perobliquá, alba, umbilicata, spirá depressá; anfractibus subplanulatis, liris transversis, elevatis, supra radiatim nodosoplicatis, ultimo in medio angulato, cariná prominulá instructo, infra cingulis transversis elevatis numerosis ornato; aperturá rotundd; columellá roseo tinctá; labro intus lirato. Hab. Mare Rubrum. (Mus. Cuming.) EGLISIA CUMINGII, A. Adams. E. testá turritá, solidá, albidá, longitudinaliter fusco-flammulatá; anfractibus rotundatis, cingulis acutis, transversis (in anfractu ultimo sex), lineisque elevatis, transversis, interpositis, ornatis, interstitiis longitudinaliter tenuissimè striatis, varicibus tenuibus, longitudinalibus, inæquidistantibus, instructis; aperturá rotundatá, peristomate continuo, labio incrassato, anticè producto, calloso, et reflexo; labro simplici, acuto. Hab. Japonia. (Mus. Cuming.) The obscure longitudinal varices show the true position of this genus to be between Turritella and Scalaria. 4. A MONOGRAPH OF CYLLENE, A GENUS OF GASTEROPODOUS MOLLUSCA. BY ARTHUR ADAMS, R.N., F.L.S. ETC. CYLLENE, Gray. Animal unknown. Operculum thin, horny, unguiform, with terminal nucleus and imbricate elements. Shell ovate, volutiform; spire short; suture channeled; aperture oval; columella anteriorly with oblique grooves; outer lip thickened externally, notched in front, grooved within, and subreflected at the margin. 1. CYLLENE LYRATA, Lamarck. Buccinum lyratum, Lamk. Hist. An. s. Vert. tom. vii. p. 272; Kiener, Mon. Bucc. pl. 22. fig. 88. 2. CYLLENE GRAYI, Reeve. Cyllene Grayi, Reeve, Elements of Conch. pl. 3. fig. 12. 3. CYLLENE OWENII, Gray. Cyllene Owenii, Gray, MSS. Brit. Mus. 4. CYLLENE PULCHELLA, Adams and Reeve. Cyllene pulchella, Adams and Reeve, Zool. of Voy. of H.M.S. Samarang, tab. 10. fig. 11. 5. CYLLENE LUGUBRIS, Adams and Reeve. Cyllene lugubris, Adams and Reeve, Zool. Voy. Samarang, tab. 10. fig. 10. 6. CYLLENE CONCINNA, Soland. C. testá ovato-fusiformi; spirá productá, albá, maculis luteo-fuscis ornatá, longitudinaliter subsulcosa, transversim totá striatá; columellá anticè obliquè plicatá; labro extus lævi, incrassato. Hab. Guinea. Buccinum concinnum, Sol. 7. Cyllene Orientalis, A. Adams. C. testá ovato-fusiformi, albida, maculis luteo-fuscis ornatá, longitudinaliter plicata, transversim striata; spirá prominulá; columellá anticè perobliquè sulcatá, labro intus lævi. Hab. Singapore, 6 fathoms, mud; H. C. Malacca, 6 fathoms, coarse sand; H. C. 8. CYLLENE STRIATA, A. Adams. C. testá ovata, albá, maculis rufo-fuscis ad suturas picta, cingulis duabus maculorum luteofuscorum ornatá, longitudinaliter subplicata, transversim totá striata; columellá anticè obliquè sulcatá; labro tenui, intus lævi, anticè vix sinuato. Hab. Albrokkas Islands, under coral, low water; Mr. Dring. 9. CYLLENE FUSCATA, A. Adams. C. testá ovatá, rufo-fusca, fasciis transversis obscuris articulatis ornatá, longitudinaliter plicata, plicis numerosis, subconfertis, supernè et infernè transversim valdè striatá; columellá anticè valdè corrugato-plicata, labro anticè valdè sinuato. Hab. W. Africa. 10. CYLLENE pallida, A. Adams. C. testá ovatá, albidá, longitudinaliter subsulcatâ, obscurè nodoso-plicatá, glabratá, supernè et infernè transversim striatá; columellá anticè plicis obliquis, labro anticè valdè sinuato. Hab. West Africa. 11. Cyllene GRANA, Lamarck. Buccinum grana, Lamk.; Kiener, Mon. pl. 16. fig. 58. 12. CYLLENE GLABRATA, A. Adams. C. testá ovato-fusiformi, glabratá, cinered, fasciis albis tribus transversis rufo-articulatis ornatá, longitudinaliter subplicatá, plicis infernè eranidis, supernè et infernè transversim striata; aperturá angustá; columellá anticè obliquè plicatá, labro anticè subsinuato. Hab. Pasicao, 9 fathoms, fine sand; H. C. 5. ON THE UMBRELLA BIRD (CEPHALOPTERUS ORNatus), "UERAMIMBÉ," L. G. BY ALFRED R. WALLACE. COMMUNICATED BY MR. S. STEVENS. Having had the opportunity of observing this singular bird in its native country, a few remarks on its characters and habits may not perhaps be uninteresting, at a time when a consignment from me will have arrived in England. The Umbrella Bird is about the size of a crow, averaging about 18 inches in length. Its colour is entirely black, but varied with metallic blue tints on the outer margin of the feathers. The colour of the iris is greyish white. It is a powerful bird, the bill being very large and strong, the feet short, and the claws acute. Were it not for its crest and neck plume, it would appear to an ordinary observer nothing more than a short-legged crow. The crest is perhaps the most fully developed and beautiful of any bird known. It is composed of long slender feathers, rising from a contractile skin on the top of the head. The shafts are white and the plume glossy blue, hair-like, and curved outward at the tip. When the crest is laid back the shafts form a compact white mass, sloping up from the top of the head, and surmounted by the dense hairy plumes. Even in this position it is not an inelegant crest, but it is when it is fully opened that its peculiar character is developed. The shafts then radiate on all sides from the tip of the head, reaching in front beyond and below the top of the beak, which is completely hid from view. The top then forms a perfect, slightly elongated dome, of a beautiful shining blue colour, having a point of divergence rather behind the centre, like that in the human head. The length of this dome from front to back is about 5 inches, the breadth 4 to 4 inches. The other singular appendage of this bird is the neck plume. This is a long cylindrical plume of feathers depending from the middle of the neck, and either carried close to the breast or puffed out and hanging down in front. The feathers lap over each other, scale-like, and are bordered with fine metallic blue. On examining the structure of this plume, it is found not to be composed of feathers only, growing from the neck, as seems to have been hitherto supposed. The skin of the neck is very loose; looser and larger, in fact, than in any bird I know of. From the lower part grows a cylindrical fleshy process about as thick as a goosequill and an inch and a half long. From this grow the feathers to the very point, thus producing the beautiful cylindrical plume quite detached from the breast, and forming an ornament as unique and elegant as the crest itself. |