2. A past or pluperfect tense in the principal statement must be followed by either a past or a pluperfect tense in the clause; as, (1) He waited until I S came. had come. (2) He had left before I came. The Compound Sentence 217. The compound sentence consists of two or more simple or complex sentences connected by coordinate conjunctions. In analyzing, determine the simple or complex sentences, and proceed to analyze according to the rules given for such sentences. The compound sentence presents no new facts. EXERCISE 36 Write the following direct statements as indirect quotations (1) after "He says that"; (2) after "We heard that": 1. I went to school. 2. You had left. 3. They live in the country. 6. We came as we had agreed. 10. I shall report promptly. EXERCISE 37 Analyze each sentence: MODEL: I shall obey because my country calls. The sentence is complex and declarative. I shall obey is the principal statement. I is the subject, without modifiers; shall obey is the simple predicate, modified by the adverbial clause because my country calls. Country is the simple subject of the clause, modified by the adjective my. Calls is the predicate of the clause, and has no modifiers. Because is the subordinate conjunction, connecting the clause with the principal statement and expressing cause. 1. They that have done this deed are honorable. 2. I am no orator as Brutus is. 3. I tell you that which you yourselves do know. 4. The most important recommendations are those which refer to the tariff. 5. It was Mrs. Spectator who suggested the plan of going to Bermuda. 6. What follows we learned by experience and are trying to put into practice. 7. That postal savings banks are to be established is ap parent. 8. Speak the speech as I pronounce it unto you. 9. This proves clearly that men can fly. 10. It is enough for us now that the leaves are green. 11. They said the doctor would come at once. 12. Do you know that the speaker will not disappoint you? CHAPTER XXVI SENTENCE ANALYSIS 218. The purpose in analyzing sentences should be to acquire a keen eye and ear for thought analysis. It is pleasant and profitable to be able to take in at a glance, to grasp instantly, the meaning of a written or spoken sentence. This ability comes from analyzing many kinds of sentences. Such analysis is a preparation for the enjoyment of reading and gives facility in writing and speaking accurately. It is desirable therefore to analyze many sentences in order that thought analysis may be unconscious but accurate. Only by the unconscious but accurate analysis of thought can reading be a pleasure and writing or speaking an unrestrained, rapid, and forceful process. 219. In analyzing sentences determine (1) the subject; (2) the modifiers of the subject; (3) the predicate; (4) the modifiers of the predicate. If the sentence is complex, the clauses should be treated first as modifiers of subject or predicate, and then analyzed for subject and predicate of their own. In compound sentences, the independent sentences should be determined and analyzed separately, in accordance with 1-4 above. See Appendix B for analysis by diagram. EXAMPLE OF ANALYSIS 1. Beyond the other side of the garden I hear and see something much less pleasing—the training of a little geisha. This is a simple, declarative sentence. The subject is I, without modifiers. The predicate is compound, hear and see, connected by the coördinate conjunction and. Something is an object complement, and is itself modified by the participle pleasing, used as an adjective. Pleasing is modified by the adverb less, which in turn is modified by the adverb much. Training is a gerund, in apposition with something, and is modified by the adjective the, and by the prepositional phrase of a little geisha used as an adjective. Geisha is the objeet of the preposition of, and is modified by the adjectives a and little. The prédicate verbs are modified by the prepositional phrase beyond the other side, used adverbially. Side is the object of the preposition beyond and is modified by the adjectives the and other, and also by the prepositional phrase of the garden, used adjectively. Garden is the object of the preposition of, and is modified by the adjective the. EXERCISE 38 Analyze the following sentences: 1. Therewith she dived beneath the heaving sea. 2. In the Acadian land, on the shores of the Basin of Minas, Distant, secluded, still, the little village of Grand Pré Lay in the fruitful valley. 3. Homeward serenely she walked with God's benediction upon her. 4. Shall we not then be glad and rejoice in the joy of our children? 5. The tide and wind were so favorable that the ship was enabled to come at once to the pier. 6. Homer is said to have begged his bread in seven cities. 7. On the sea and at the Hague, sixteen hundred ninety-two, Did the English fight the French. 8. It was a fine sunny morning when the thrilling cry of di "Land!" was given from the masthead. 9. Whoever has made a voyage up the Hudson must re member the Kaatskill Mountains. 10. The children of the village, too, would shout with joy 11. The story of Rip Van Winkle has endeared the name of 13. Rip's story was soon told, for the whole twenty years had 14. Meanwhile, amid the gloom, by the church Evangeline 15. Are not these woods more free from peril than the envi ous court? 16. Sweet are the uses of adversity. 17. This our life exempt from public haunt Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, 18. Now is your opportunity. 19. Fond wishing is idle business. 20. The first grey of morning filled the east. 21. The spirit of my father grows strong in me, and I will no longer endure it. 22. All night long he had lain wakeful, tossing on his bed. 23. The men of former times had crowned the top with a clay fort. 24. O Sohrab, an unquiet heart is thine. 25. But choose a champion from the Persian lords To fight our champion Sohrab, man to man. |