loss. The lading of the convoy was for the supply of the French army in Spain.

A few circumstances remain to be added to the account of European transactions.

Napoleon's annexation of the papal territories to his kingdom of Italy was mentioned in the narrative of the last year. It produced a protest against this act of spoliation, and a sentence of excommunication against the author and instruments of it, from the Pope, dated on June 10th. These measures occasioned the pontiff to be brought as a prisoner to Avignon, where he was stripped of his external dignity, and deprived of all communication with the cardinals, and all means of issuing bulls or convoking a council of the church. The French Emperor proceeded to settle a new government in the ecclesiastical states, by which the court of inquisition was abolished, the temporal jurisdiction of the clergy, regular and secular, was abrogated, the right of asylum was done away, and a variety of other regulations judicial and political were established. Rome was declared the second city in the empire, with a right of sending seven members to the legislative body. In November a deputation of Roman Dukes and Princes arrived at Paris, to present an address of homage to Napoleon on the late happy revolution, to which he made a gracious reply, entirely in the style of an Emperor of the West. Near the close of the year, at a full meeting of the Buonaparte family with their relatives, after representing the necessity of providing an heir to the throne on which providence had seated him, for which purpose his present marriage must be dissolved, the Empress Josephine testified her consent, both parties expressing the highest mutual regard and friendship. A note was then made of the transaction, signed by all present, which being laid before the senate, that body concurred in the divorce, and decreed the continuance of the imperial title to Josephine, with an an"nual revenue of two millions of francs.

War was renewed in this year between Russia and Turkey. At the congress of Yassi between the two

powers, Russia demanded, as a preliminary, the cession of the Turkish provinces on the left bank of the Danube, which being rejected, the congress broke up. Russia then declared war, upon the sole pretext of the peace concluded with England by Turkey. In the military operations which followed, the Russians kept their ground in Moldavia and Wallachia, and pushed forward into Bulgaria. At length, after several actions, particularly a very bloody battle at Silistria, they were obliged to recross the Danube.

In the United States of America, Mr. Madison was elected to succeed Mr. Jefferson as president. The embargo having become very unpopular, an act was passed by the legislature which repealed that measure, and substituted a prohibition of intercourse with France and England, with the proviso, that if either nation should cease to violate the neutral commerce of the States, the suspended trade with such nation might be renewed. A treaty was at length signed with the United States for the restoration of amity and commerce, by Mr. David Erskine, envoy and plenipotentiary from the Court of Great Britain, in consequence of which, a number of American ships sailed for the British ports, but it unfortunately happened that the two governments misunderstood each other; for the English government disavowed what had been agreed on, upon the ground that Mr. Erskine had exceeded his - powers. It was however provided that no loss should accrue to those Americans who had proceeded to Eng land in confidence of the treaty, till after a certain interval.

The ill success of many of the measures adopted by the English ministry in this year, as it produced great dissatisfaction in the nation, also naturally occasioned variance among themselves; and the public were apprized of a dissention subsisting between two of the secretaries of state, Lord Castlereagh and Mr. Canning, by a duel between them on September 22d, which terminated in a wound received by the latter. The cause of the quarrel is stated to have been an attempt by

Mr. Canning to effect the removal of Lord Castlereagh, if not entirely from the ministry, at least from the post which he held, on the ground of incapacity for fulfilling its duties. Both of them, before the duel, resigned their offices. The Duke of Portland dying soon after, an offer was made by the remaining ministers of a coalition with Lords Grey and Grenville, which was rejected. The Marquis of Wellesley was then recalled from his embassy in Spain to take the place of secretary of foreign affairs before held by Mr. Canning. At the same time, that of secretary for the war department, held by Lord Castlereagh, was transferred to the Earl of Liverpool (late Lord Hawkesbury) whose home secretaryship was assigned to the Honourable Richard Ryder. Mr. Perceval joined the office of first lord of the treasury to that of chancellor of the exchequer.

If the administration were injured in their popularity by the late train of events, no part of this displeasure fell upon the King, who seems to have gained ground upon the affections of his subjects in proportion as advanced years and infirmities (for he had now nearly suffered a privation of sight) excited the feelings of commiseration in his behalf. The 25th of October, being the fiftieth celebration of his accession to the throne, was distinguished throughout the United Kingdom as a jubilee, and was marked by every demonstration of loyal attachment and reverence.

A. D. 1810.

YEAR OF GEORGE III. 50 & 51.

PARLIAMENT 3 & 4.

Riots.

Royal Speech, and Debates. - Enquiry into the Expedition to the Scheldt. Censure and Resignation of Lord Chatham. Mr. Yorke's Motion for excluding Strangers from the House of Commons on the above Enquiry.-Its Consequences relative to Gale Jones and Sir Francis Burdett. The latter conveyed to the Tower. Popular Honours paid to him.- Budget. - Bill moved for rendering perpetual the Prohibition of granting Offices in Reversion. Progress of the French in the South of Spain. - Malaga and Seville taken, and Cadiz besieged. Other events in the East and North-east. Campaign on the borders of Portugal.- Ciudad Rodrigo and Almeida reduced by the French. They enter Portugal. Lord Wellington's Plan of Retreat. - Position of the two Armies near Lisbon. The Cortes assembled, and their Proceedings. Marriage of Napoleon to the Archduchess Louisa

Maria. The Seven Dutch Provinces annexed to the French Empire. Other Annexations in the North of Germany. - Despotism prevalent in France. - Affairs of Sweden.-Marshal Bernadotte elected Crown Prince. Danes: Isle of Anholt taken by the English. Attempts of the King of Naples against Sicily defeated. Campaign between the Turks and Russians.- Wahabees. Santa Maura taken by the English. Guadaloupe surrendered. - Islands of Bourbon and France reduced. Amboyna and Banda taken. Failure of an Expedition against the Harbour of Sud-Est. Differences between Great Britain and the States of America still unsettled. Commencement of the Revolt of the Spanish Colonies in South America from the Mother Country. -- Confederation of Venezuela.- Death of the Princess Amelia.- Relapse of the King, and Proceedings towards establishing a Regency. - Distresses of Manufacturers, and Depreciation of the Loan. Discontents in Ireland.

ON the opening of the parliamentary session, January 23d, it was obviously an embarrassing task for minis ters so to frame a royal speech, as that it might not

The

give scope to severe attacks from the opposition, who had such a theme for censure as the failures and misfortunes of the preceding year. There was little room for congratulation, and confession or apology could scarcely be ventured; the necessary topics, however, were touched upon in the following manner. commissioners in his Majesty's name expressed his deep regret at the disadvantageous termination of the Emperor of Austria's efforts to resist the ambition and violence of France, and observed, that although the war was undertaken without encouragement from his Majesty, yet that every practicable assistance had been afforded to Austria. This was said to have been one purpose of the expedition to the Scheldt, from which, though its principal ends had not been attained, it was hoped that material advantage would result in the future prosecution of the war, through the demolition of the docks and arsenals at Flushing. Directions had been given to lay before parliament the papers relative to this expedition. With respect to Sweden, it was said that his Majesty's wish had been uniformly notified to that power, that upon the question of peace or war with France, she should be guided by considerations resulting from her own situation and interests. The affairs of Portugal and Spain were then alluded to, and notice was taken of the expulsion of the French from the former country by Lord Wellington, and of his glorious victory at Talavera. The approaching assembly of the Cortes in the name and under the authority of King Ferdinand, was mentioned as affording a prospect of energy in the cause of Spanish independence, and an inducement to contribute the power and resources of this country in its support. The unexpected interruption of the intercourse between his Majesty's minister in America and the government of the United States, was then regretted; but it was said that the American minister at this court had given the strongest assurances of the wish of the States to maintain a friendly relation between the two countries. It was, in fine, observed, that the accounts of the trade