6. Of the nature of bad or unjust actions. 8. Essential character of unjust actions. virture, read virtue. exclamtion, read exclamation. ivalidating, read invalidating. hapiness, read happiness. CHAPTER I. DEFINITION OF TERMS. THE Mind is a spiritual substance, and means the same as soul. The Understanding is the passive power of the mind by which it receives impressions, and perceives the same; it is the recipient of all impressions, and knowledge. The Will is the active power of the Mind. The Memory is a power to retain what comes within the view of the Understanding. Sensation is the feeling of the Mind, when acted upon, and means the same as perception. Impression denotes a change in the mind at the time of its sensation-the mind is possive in all its impressions; or, not active any farther than its volitions extend to place the mind in a situation to 2 be impressed. The term impression includes all impressions, whether made on the mind by its own acts, or by external objects operating on the mind through the bodily senses. Idea is the mind's thinking of an impression. If I were to fix my eyes upon the sun, I should have an impression, called vision or seeing; then were I to shut my eyes and think of that luminary, I should have an idea of the impression; the idea exists in thought. In what way matter impresses the mind I do not know; but, I know, I have impressions, and ideas. Volition, or willing, is an action of the mind, which tends to the production of an effect, or actually produces one; or, it is an act of the Will operating in the same way. Voluntary Action is an effect of volition, or willing, such as the motion of some part, or the whole of the body. Liberty or Freedom is the Mind beginning, regulating, continuing, and ending its volition without. any thing to act on the mind so as therein to produce, or prevent volition; also there being nothing to hinder, or impede the intended external effect of velaion. Reflection is the mind calling up to its view an impression, which was partly, or wholly out of sight when reflection began-to do this the mind. has to look back to the impression. Comparison is the mind placing two or more impressions; or two or more ideas, or impressions, and ideas, so in its view, as to see their likeness, or difference. Attention is the mind continuing for some time to be impressed by the same object, or keeping the idea of the impression some time in its view. Examen is the mind viewing an object in its different situations, and relations. Reasoning are the several steps taken by the mind to attain a knowledge of truth. Truth may be taken in two significations; either for the nature, state and mutual relations of things; or for impressions, perceived by the mind, agreeing with their nature, state, and relations. Evidence is a knowledge of truth. Knowledge is the impression of the likeness, or difference, or relations of things, perceived by the Understanding-All other impressions are the ma-. terials from which knowledge is derived. Judgment is the determination of the mind, concerning what is true, and what is false. Instincts are sentiments excited in the mind by the wants of the body, such as hunger, thirst, &c. The greater or greatest apparent good is the mind having two or more things in its view, and one being more pleasing or agreeable to the mind than another, or others. Choice means the same as the greater or greatest apparent good, and makes sure of existence in the Understanding by the mind comparing two or more things together, and seeing their difference. If we take from the understanding this apparent difference in things, they would be alike, or equal in the mind's view; consequently the understanding could see no difference, and have no choice in them. The Strongest Motive is always that thing in the comparison, which is chosen by the Understanding. The Weaker Motive is the thing not chosen. Preference is synonymous with choice. Habit is an aptitude, or readiness one has ac quired by practice to do a certain, thing, |