ADDERLEY on Canada, 142. Object of his pamphlet, 147. Review of pamphlet, 150. On policy of old and new colonies, 160
of colonies, 114.
Trade with, 118 American Colonization, two centres of, Virginia and New Eng- land, 2
American Republic, errors of, 48– 52. As an aggressive power, 108. Balance of power on American continent, 110 Aristocracies in Europe, 140 Australia, responsible government conceded, 44. Free-trade and protection, 68-9. Trade of, 93- 4, 118, 122. Threatened, 130. Trade of, and its protection, 175. Defence of, 182-3. Volunteers in, 192. People of, 193. Con- vict question, 207. Marvellous development of, 215. Compared with United States, 217
BALANCE of power in America and Europe, 110 Blackstone's division of colonies, 9-11
British America, 36. Loyalty of, 36. Confederation of, 47-56. Meeting at Charlottetown, 47. At Quebec, 48 (Appendix A). Articles of Confederation, 48- 55. Compared with constitution
of United States, 48, 52. Evi- dences of compromises, 50. Cen- tral and local governments, 51, 53. Triple governments, local, federal, and Imperial, 52. Le- gislative Council or nominated Chamber, little influence of, 53– 4. Power of the Crown to dis- allow, 54-5. Composition of the two Houses, 55. Lower Canada, the pivot, 55. Trade of, 93-4. Vast results, 94
British North America, volunteers in, 192. Marine of, 200. Popu- lation, trade, revenue, debt, 215, 257. Immigration to, 261 Brodie, W., on the claims New Zealand has on England in na- tive wars, 137. Colonial militia better than English troops, 190. English Government manages native affairs, 190 Burgoyne, General Sir John. Basis of England's calculations, 177. Troops in Kingston, Quebec, and Halifax, 178. Vote for a citadel at Halifax, 178. Opinions on Mr. Godley's views, 178. Ene- mies opposed to old colonies, few, 178. Trifling expenses for Kings- ton and Quebec, 178 Burke, Edmund, 39
CANADA.-Capture of Quebec,
37. Responsible government, 37-46. Resolutions of 1841, 37.
Conceded, 44. Effect of, 44-6. The vacillating commercial policy of England, 66. Revenue laws of Canada, 68-75. Proportion of customs in Canada and England, 73. Customs in England and Canada, 75, 80. Could not adopt free-trade, 82. Call for protec- tion, 86. Its effect in peace and in war, 87. Trade of, 93, 118, 122. A source of weakness or strength to England, 95. Cha- racter of population, 96. Proofs of loyalty, 97. Defence of Ca- nada is defence of Br. America, 110,123. Colonel Jervois' Report, 123. Debate on, in the House of Commons, 123. Casus Belli, come from the sea, and not from colonies, 127. Position of con- trasted with England, 130. Why sending troops to, 134, 152, 173. Paying troops in, 137. During the American war, 141. Trent affair, 142, 201. Abolition of slavery in the States, what in- fluence on Canada, 145. Military spirit of, 148. Gladstone on, 149. Clergy, how paid, 154. Lord Herbert on military force in, 176. Position of, in war of 1812, 185. Earl Derby on, 201. Growth of, in comparison with United States, 217. Settlement, 37, 258. Defence, 255. Popu- lation, trade, revenue, debt, &c., 257
Canadian ministers, delegation to
the Home Government, 247. Cape Colony, wars of, 136, 138. Government responsible, 183. Capital and labour in colonies, 115
Cardwell, Right Hon. Edward,
Colonial Secretary, despatch of, on confederation and defence of British North America, 125, 247 Carthage, its colonies, 26. Com- mercial policy and government,
Casus Belli, whence they arise, 127
Charter governments, 10. Nature of first, 18, 33. Last of, 33 Chatham, Lord, on the right of Parliament to tax colonies, 63- 4-5. Profits to Britain from trade of colonies, 114 Church, first in New England, 6.
Oath of supremacy in, attempts to establish church, 21 Colonial governments, ancient and modern, 18-35. Greek, 25. Ty- rian, 25. Carthagenian, 26. Roman, 27. Around shores of Mediterranean, in Europe, in America, 22-35. Contrast be- tween ancient and modern, 28- 9. Portugal, 27. Spain, 30. Holland, 30. France, 31. The earth divided between Portugal and Spain, 29-30. Disputes with the Crown and Parliament, 33- 35. Parliamentary governments in colonies, 36-46. Interference with by Russell's ministry, 43. 'Times on direct and indirect tax- ation, 83. On political and moral effects of income-tax, 84 Colonies, so numerous and varied that no rigid rule can be laid down for all, 56-7. Duty of, in defence, volunteers, 58. No British colonies conquered, none involved England in war, 58-9. Will England go to war on co- lonial questions? 58-9. Character of colonial population, 59. Vo- lunteer system, 59-60. Classifi- cation of, 89. Source of weakness or strength, 95. Expenditure on colonial account, 98. For what purposes, 99. What advantages to colonies to remain part of the empire, 111. What to mother country, 113. Field for emi- Colonies gration, 115, 121. England's best customers, 118, Trade with, 120, 122. What binds them to England ?—
is it interest, 129. Sons of enter army and navy, 131. Teachers of constitutional government, 132. Do they draw England into war, 133. Why Democratic, 140. Modern colonies differ from the old in their policy, 147. Imperial policy and colonial
opinions, 155. Imperial interests, how represented in colonies and colonial in England, 156. Policy of old and new, 160. Why old colonies refused English troops, 160. Demanded troops to be placed under their own control, any why, 163. Feared Parlia- ment, and never submitted to it, 164. Troops in, 99, 173, 176. Colonies often denuded of troops, 177. Moral and social tie with, the valuable one, 180. Obligation to defend, 186. Barracks in, 182. Position of old different from the new, 183. Never attacked by great armies of civilized Powers, 184. French troops in Canada, few, 184. England's foreign po- licy and defence of colonies, 193. Effect of sending soldiers to, 193. Future of, 195-222. As allies, 196. As maritime States, 200. Loyalty of old colonies, 203–7. British America and Australia, 207. Basis of union with Eng- land, 208. Trade of, 215. In- dependence of, 216. Growth of, 217. As fields for surplus popu- lation of England, 214. Relation of old colonies to England sug- gests basis of union, 221. In- fluence of commerce in home and foreign policy, 222. To England would belong chief advantage of such union, 222. Immigration, 261
Commerce, influence in the policy of the nation, 222 Commercial policy, Carthage, 26 Commercial monopoly of Por- tugal, 29. Of Holland, 31, 61.
Of England, 34. Navigation Acts of 1651 and 1763, 62–65. Effect of, 65. Modifications of, 66. Free-trade in England, 67, 72, 75. Earl Grey on free-trade in colonies, 70. Instructions to Governor of New Brunswick, 71. England and Canada, 75. Eng- land raises two-thirds of reve- nue by indirect taxation, and not one-sixth by direct, 76. Foreign produce pays £24,000,000 at British ports before admitted to British markets, 76. Gladstone on free-trade and revenue, 77–9. New countries without manu- factures, in war, 87. Protection and free-trade in Australia, 68-9. In Canada, 86 Commonwealth of England founded the restrictive commercial policy, 62 Confederation of British America; its population, area, resources, 212-15. Trade of, 215 Confederation of old colonies, from 1643-1790, 12-18. Objects and nature of, 12. Assumed the functions of an independent go- vernment, 13. General Congress in 1765, 13. Continental Con- gress, 14. Second Congress from all the States, 15. Articles of, ratified, 16. Defects, 16, 17. New constitution of United States, 17 (Appendix B). Con- federation of British America, 47-56
Cost of colonies, 89-128. Report of Committee of House of Com- mons, 89. For navy, 94. 'Times' on, 150. Cost of defence, how to be borne, 157. Mr. Merivale on, 158. Duke of Newcastle on, 159. Earl Grey, 159.
DECLARATION of rights, 13,
14, 15 Democracy in the first colonies, 4, 7, 8, 22
Derby, Earl, on attitude of Canada, when British flag was insulted, 201
Disraeli on the defence of Canada, 126
Dufferin, Lord, on the loyalty of Canada, 202
ELLIOT, F., importance of Halifax, garrisoned for Im- perial purposes, 191 England, colonial policy of, 56-61, Responsible for foreign relations, 57-8. Fears cost, and com- merce, 59. England, agricul- tural and manufacturing, 87. Which has the chief influence in causing war, England or her colonies, 133. English and French policy, as a peace po- licy, 135. Has tried to tablish her institutions, civil and ecclesiastical, in colonies, 139. Relations to slave-holding States, 146. England and France, 149. Colonial policy, 151. The power of England and her colo- nies united, 198. If not united, whose fault; 200. Basis of union, 208, 221. Position of old colo- nies, 221
Erskine, Rear-Admiral, evidence of, on maintaining garrisons, 192
FRANCE, colonies of, 31. Policy of, in Europe and America, 134. As a peace policy, 135. Navy of, 199 Franchise, extension of in England,
and its effects upon her colonial policy, 211. The class that would dictate policy of the em- pire, 211. In England and the colonies, how it differs, 209. Seventy per cent. of population in colonies owners of the land they vote on, 209. In England the reverse, 209-10. Demand in colonies to raise the qualifica-
tion, 211. In England to lower it, 210. Complaints as to the class that dictate the policy of the empire, 211
Franklin, Dr., 16. In House of Commons, 34, 63
Free-trade in England, 67. (See Commercial Policy.) In the ab- stract, 76, 81. Gladstone on, 77-9. A policy and not a truth, 84-5
GARRISONS, 90. Defence of,
182. Halifax same as Malta and Gibraltar, 182, 191. Cost of troops in, 185. Effect on colonies, 185. Admiral Erskine's evidence on, 192 Gladstone, Hon. W. E., obligation of mother country, 178. What system best, 179. Old colonies and Canada, 179. Military spirit in Canada, 179. In old colonies, 180. Ignorance of colonial affairs, 180. Moral and social tie the valuable one, 180. Colonies safe
while England is supreme at sea, 181. Old colonies and new, 181 Gladstone on free-trade and re- venue, 77-9. Who pays malt- tax and customs, 79. False po- sition, 81 Glenelg's, Lord, despatch to Sir Francis Head, on rights of local governments, 1839, 43, 72 Governments, 4, 5, 9, 10. Repre- sentative, 2, 3. Provincial, pro- prietary, and charter, 9-11. Co- lonial governments, municipal only, 10-11. Difference in Mas- sachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, 12. First general, in colonies, origin of, 14, 15. First American, independent of Parliament, 18. ́ Relation to the Crown, 18. Repealed common and statute law, 19, 20. Repu- diated Acts of Parliament, 20. Disputed authority of King's Commissioners, 20. Represen-
Self-government in Europe, 25. Colonial govern- ments, nature of, 25-35. Re- sponsible government conceded, 44. Effects of, 44-6. United States and British America, 48- 52. Republics of America, 49. Blunders in government of old colonies, 56. No one rigid rule applicable to all, 56–7 Godley, J. R., evidence of, on duties of Imperial and colonial Governments, 187-8. Recom-
mends Sir W. Denison's plan and Earl Grey's policy, 187, 189 Grenville, Lord, 64 Greek colonies, 25
Grey, Earl, on paying troops in Canada, 137. On wars at the Cape and in New Zealand, 138, 182. Obligation to defend colo- nies, 181. Grounds of such de- fence, 182. Barracks and garri- sons in colonies, 182. Australian colonies, 182. Responsibility of England for wars at the Cape and New Zealand, 183. Old colonies, 831. Effect of withdrawing troops Old from New Zealand, 184. colonies never attacked by armies of civilized Powers, 184. Troops cost little more in colonies, 185, Canada in 1812, 185. In a war created by our colonial relations, 185. Profits of Dutch colonies, 186
HARTINGTON, Marquis of, on
the defence of Canada, 123 Herbert, Lord, on keeping a mili- tary force in Canada, 176. Op- posed to Mr. Lowe on keeping troops in colonies, 176. Troops in colonies in time of 176. peace, Colonies often denuded of troops, 177
Holland, profits from colonies, 186.
MANSFIELD, Lord, on right of franchise, 65
Maryland, first province of the em- pire, 32. Its acts not subject to Confers veto by Crown, 32. titles of honour, 32 Merivale,Herman (Under-Secretary for colonies for twelve years), on responsible government, 45. On effect of navigation laws, 65. Defence of commerce, 93. Colo- nial expenditure, 91, 98. On uniform rule as to defence of Different colonies, 172, 174. position of several colonies, 172– 3. For what purposes troops are kept in colonies, 173. Case of Canada, 173. Confederation of North American_provinces, 173. Occupation of Vancouver's an Imperial object, 174. An evil of administration, 174. No conclu- sion to be drawn from one colony as a guide to another, 175. Na- tive affairs should be controlled by colony, 175. Trade of Aus- tralia and its protection, 175 Mills, Select Committee of 1861, 89 Monck, Viscount, Governor-General of British North America, des- patch of, 245
NAVIGATION ACTS, 20. Of 1651 and 1763, 34
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