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3. How many boxes will it require to pack 71.5 pounds of butter, if you put 5.5 pounds in a box?

4. How many suits of clothes will 296 yards of cloth make, allowing 37 yards to a suit?

5. If a man can walk 30.25 miles per day, how long will it take him to walk 150-75 miles ?

6. How many loads will 134642:156 pounds of hay make, allowing 1622-2 pounds for a load?

7. If a team can plough 2:3 acres in a day, how long will it take to plough 63.75 acres ?

8. How many bales of cotton are there in 56343 75 pounds, allowing 375 pounds to a bale?

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9. Determine the quotient in the following examples in division of decimals by removing the point in such dividend to the left, and adding ciphers when necessary :

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Emménagement
Emménagements
Emménager
Emménagogue

Emmener

Emmenotter

Emmiellé
Emmieller
Emmitoufler
Emmitrer
Emmortaiser
Emmotté

Emmuseler

Anh-ma-re-nay

ENGLISH.

Hooded.
Sea-hardened.

To man a ship.

Anh-may-lay (2nd syll. long) To entangle.

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Furnishing a house.
Ship's conveniences.
To furnish a house.
Emmenagogue.
To take away.
To handcuff.
Sweetened with honey.
To sweeten with honey.

To wrap up.

To consecrate a bishop.

To mortise.

Banked with earth.

To muzzle.

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10. Multiply the following numbers together by removing the Enivrer (and all de- Anh-nee-vray

decimal points :

1. 85-4321 x 100.

2. 42930-213401 × 10.

3. 1067 2350123 × 100.

4. 608-34017 × 1000.

5. 30-467214067 × 10000.

6. 446-3214022 × 100000. 7. 21:3456782106 × 100000.

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:

ENGLISH. Intoxicating. Intoxication. To intoxicate.

To render proud.

SECTION XXV.-IDIOMATIC USES OF VERBS, ETC.

1. The verb aller is used, in French, in the same manner as the verb to go, in English, to indicate a proximate future. Allez-vous écrire ce matin ?

Je vais écrire mes lettres,

Are you going to write this morning?
I am going to write my letters.

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11. Multiply 863541 by 10983, retaining 5 decimal places. 12. Multiply 1.123674 by 1∙123674, retaining 6 decimal places. 13. Multiply 26736 by 28758, retaining 4 decimal places. 14. Multiply 1347866 by 288793, retaining 7 decimal places. 15. Multiply 681472 by 01286, retaining 5 decimal places. 16. Multiply 053407 by 047126, retaining 6 decimal places. 17. Multiply-3857461 by 0046401, retaining 6 decimal places.to, to come to, in connection with nouns or pronouns representing 3. Aller trouver, venir trouver, are used in the sense of to go

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I have just written my letters.
We have just received letters.

Go to the tinman.

I have a desire to go to him. Come to me ten o'clock. for, to go and fetch.

Go and fetch the physician.
I am going for coffee and sugar.

5. Envoyer chercher means to send for, to send and fetch. Envoyez chercher le marchand, J'envoie chercher des légumes,

Send for the merchant.
I send for vegetables.

6. The first and second persons of the plural of the imperative are, with few exceptions, the same as the corresponding persons of the present of the indicative. The pronouns nous, vous, are not used with the imperative.

7. PLURAL OF THE IMPERATIVE OF ALLER, ENVOYER, AND
VENIR.
Envoyons, let us send.
Envoyez, send.

Allons, let us go.
Allez, go.

Venons, let us come.
Venez, come.

8. Tous, m., toutes, f., followed by the article les and a plural noun, are used in French in the same sense as the word every in English.

Votre frère vient tous les jours,
Vous allez à l'école tous les matins,

Your brother comes every day.
You go to school every morning.

9. Tout, m., toute, f., followed by le or la and the noun in the singular, are used for the English expression the whole, coming before a noun.

Il reste ici toute la journée,

He remains here the whole day.

10. A day of the week or of the month, pointed out as the time of an appointment or of an occurrence, is not preceded by a preposition in French.

Venez Lundi ou Mardi,
Venez le quinze ou le seize Avril,

Come on Monday or Tuesday.
Come on the fifteenth or sixteenth of
April.

11. When the occurrence is a periodical or customary one, the article le is prefixed to the day of the week or the time of the day.

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He comes to us on Mondays.
He goes to your father in the

noon.

EXAMPLES.

LESSONS IN GEOGRAPHY.—VIII. DISCOVERIES OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. SIR JOHN Ross, who sailed in the Victory in 1829, on an exafter-pedition to the north, again explored Baffin Bay, Lancaster Sound, and Prince Regent Inlet; discovered land which he called Boothia Felix, from the name of his patron; and explored the coasts of this new country, until he was so hemmed in by the ice, that he could neither advance nor return. The expedi tion accordingly remained in this condition during the space of four years, the longest period on record of the detention of navigators in the northern regions. While thus detained the members employed their time in making excursions which enlarged our geographical and meteorological knowledge, and added to philosophy the fine discovery of the north magnetic pole. Besides the isthmus and peninsula of Boothia Felix, the Do you go to that lady's house on expedition discovered King William Land, and the western sea Monday?

I am going to speak to your father.
We have just received money.
What have you just done?
I have just torn my coat.
Does your brother go to his friend?
He goes to him every day.
He comes to me every Monday.
Do you go and fetch money?
I do not. (Sect. XXIII. 12.)

I intend to go there on Tuesday.

I generally go there on Wednesdays.
He goes to church on Sundays.

VOCABULARY.
Demain, to-morrow.
Dimanche, m., Sunday.
Ecossais, e, Scotch.
Ecri-re, 4, ir., to write.
Enseign-er, 1, to teach.

Commenc-er, 1, to com- Excepté, except.

mence.

Compagne, f., com.

panion.

Irlandais, -e, Irish.
Jeudi, m., Thursday.
Journée, f., day.

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called after the same sovereign. As to the north-west passage, he found that this did not exist in Prince Regent Inlet, nor to the south of latitude 70° N.; but Sir John Ross failed in discovering a free passage in the frozen seas of America, by which he could find his way to Behring Strait; in fact, the peninsula which separates Prince Regent Inlet from this northern sea, at the place where the expedition made its principal researches, is not only very narrow, but is chiefly covered with lakes which reduce the isthmus between the two seas to a breadth of three miles.

Other expeditions, no less dangerous, and equally difficult, if not more so, had been undertaken by land, with a view of exploring the northern regions of America, and the coast of the Polar Sea, in order to assist in the discovery of the passage so ardently sought for during so many ages. Samuel Hearn, employed by the Hudson Bay Company, in 1771 commenced his expedition at Prince of Wales Fort, and discovered the Coppermine River, which he traced to its embouchure in the Polar Sea. Franklin, in 1820-21, made an expedition by land along the same coast, between the Coppermine River and Cape Turnagain. This adventurous expedition, accomplished amidst a thousand dangers, among which famine was not the least formidable, was highly useful in a geographical point of view. Two years afterwards the same officer undertook another exMackenzie River and Cape Back; at the same time Dr. Richardson, one of the party, explored that part between the Mackenzie River and the Coppermine River. The part of the coast left unexplored between the limits of Captain Beechey and Captain Franklin's discoveries, extending to 150 miles, was nearly completed in this respect by Captain Back, and after him by Messrs. Dease and Simpson, so that the northern shores of North America are now geographically known almost throughout their whole extent.

1. Qu'allez-vous faire ? 2. Je vais apprendre mes leçons. 3. N'allez-vous pas écrire à vos connaissances? 4. Je ne vais écrire à personne. 5. Qui vient de vous parler? 6. L'Irlandais vient de nous parler. 7. Quand l'Écossaise va-t-elle vous enseigner la musique? 8. Elle va me l'enseigner l'année prochaine. 9. Va-t-elle commencer Mardi ou Mercredi ? 10. Elle ne va commencer ni Mardi ni Mercredi; elle a l'intention de commencer Jeudi, si elle a le temps. 11. Votre compagne va-t-pedition to the north, and explored the country between the elle à l'église tous les Dimanches ? 12. Elle y va tous les Dimanches et tous les Mercredis. 13. Qui allez-vous trouver ? 14. Je ne vais tver personne ? 15. N'avez-vous pas l'intention de venir trouver demain ? 16. J'ai l'intention d'aller trouver votre teinturier. 17. Envoyez-vous chercher le médecin? 18. Quand je suis malade, je l'envoie chercher. 19. Reste-t-il avec vous toute la journée ? 20. Il ne reste chez moi que quelques minutes. 21. Allez-vous à l'école le matin ? 22. J'y vais le matin et l'après-midi. 23. Y allez-vous tous les jours ? 24. J'y vais tous les jours, excepté le Lundi et le Dimanche. 25. Le Samedi je reste chez nous, et le Dimanche je vais à l'église.

EXERCISE 46.

1. What is the Irishman going to do? 2. He is going to teach music. 3. Has he just commenced his work? 4. He has just commenced it. 5. Who has just written to you? 6. The dyer has just written to me. 7. Does your little boy go to church every day? 8. No, Sir, he goes to church on Sundays, and he goes to school every day. 9. Do you go for the physician? 10. I send for him because my sister is sick. 11. Do you go to my physician or to yours? 12. I go to mine, yours is not at home. 13. Where is he? 14. He is at your father's or at your brother's. 15. Do you intend to send for the physician? 16. I intend to send for him. 17. Am I right to send for the Scotchman ? 18. You are wrong to send for him. 19. Do you go to your father in the afternoon ? 20. I go to him in the morning. 21. Does your brother go to your uncle's every Monday? 22. He goes there every Sunday. 23. Are you going to learn music? 24. My niece is going to learn it, if she has time. 25. Am I going to read or to write? 26. You are going to read to-morrow. 27. Does he go to your house every day? 28. He comes to us every Wednesday. 29. At what hour? 30. At a quarter before nine. 31. Does he come early or late? 32. He comes at a quarter after nine. 33. What do you go for? 34. We go for vegetables, meat, and sugar. 35. We want sugar every morning.

Our geographical knowledge of the interior of the continent of North America was greatly increased by some other important expeditions. Lewis and Clarke travelled to the sources of the Missouri among the 'Rocky Mountains, and reached the Pacific Ocean by desconding along the course of the Columbia River. Pike, in exploring the sources of the Mississippi, discovered those of the Arkansas and the Red River. Major Long, James Peak, Messrs. Cass and Schoolcraft, travelled over this vast region, so remarkably studded with lakes and rivers, and belonging partly to Britain and partly to the United States Mackenzie, in 1789, went from Montreal, and travelling to the north-west, descended along the course of the river which bears his name, and found that its source was in the Slave Lake, and its termination in the Arctic Ocean; he then crossed the chain of the Rocky Mountains, and reached the Pacific. In South America, Baron von Humboldt began his explorations, and accompanied by M. Aimé Bonpland, the celebrated botanist, visited Columbia, now divided into the republics of Venezuela and Ecuador, and the Granadian Confederation, studying during his travels all the phenomena of nature, tracing the geography of the country, measuring the heights of the Andes, examining the craters of volcanoes, delineating on maps the courses of rivers, and, in short, exploring the greater part of this magnificent country. On the river Amazon, he made observations equally curious and important. He proceeded from Peru to Mexico, and made similar observations in the latter country; and he has described his scientific discoveries in these regions in a style both effective

and interesting; so that in no portion of the globe have greater advances been made in the knowledge of physics and geography, and of all the sciences connected with them. Botanical geography may, in fact, be said to have originated with Baron von Humboldt. If to this we add that the author of the "Tableaux de la Nature" studied the countries in which he travelled both in an economical and political point of view, his merit as a scientific traveller stands unrivalled.

The travels of La Condamine in Peru and on the river Amazon; of Smith and Maw, on the same river; of Messrs. Spix, Martins, and Auguste St. Hilaire, in Brazil; of Don Felix Azara, in Paraguay; of Captains King and Fitzroy, in Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego; of M. Stephenson, in Chili and Peru; of M. Gay, in Chili; and of M. Schomberg, in Guiana, have all contributed to the perfection of our knowledge of the geography, the productions, the geology, and the population of South America. Among these later travellers must be mentioned M. A. d'Orbigny, a learned French geologist, who, in 1826, after a sojourn of seven months at Buenos Ayres, ascended the Parana

stone, some of which weigh eighty tons. The great gates are each composed of one single mass; and there are colossal images rudely sculptured, showing that at a very early period there must have been some communication between the Old World and the New. The traveller above mentioned then visited in succession the cities of Cochabamba and of Santa Cruz de la Sierra; courageously penetrated into the province of the Chiquitos, which he surveyed in every direction to the river Paraguay and the Brazilian province of Matto-Grosso; noted the manners of the Guarayos, a tribe still entirely savage; traversed the province of the Moxos, to the north-east of Upper Peru; passed some time in the forests inhabited by the Yuracares Indians; discovered the points of discharge of the Rio Beni and Rio Mamoré, tributaries to the Amazon; returned to Santa Cruz; visited Potosi, the city of inexhaustible mines; and finally sailed for France from the coast of Peru. This remarkable expedition lasted for the space of eight years, and produced valuable results for the geographer, the natural historian, and the geologist.

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as far as 1,000 miles from its mouth, travelled over the province of Corrientes, and other parts of the Argentine Confederation, visited the hordes of savages which people the Grand-Chaco, and returned to a civilised territory, passing through the provinces of Entre-Rios and Santa-Fe. He then travelled into Patagonia, ascended the Rio Negro, and sojourned eight months in that country amongst the stalwart savages, whose Herculean forms and size had been described with so much exaggeration by Pigaletta, Drake, Sarmiento, Lemaire, Byron, Bougainville, and many other navigators. This intrepid naturalist then proceeded to Chili, having doubled Cape Horn and reached Bolivia, sometimes called Upper Peru, of which he explored the western region, rendered so remarkable by the labours of the ancient Quichuas. He ascended the summits of the Andes, and on his reaching the opposite sides of these amazing heights, beheld a magnificent panorama of snowy peaks, and of immense chains of mountains. He at last reached the vast table-land on which is situated the great Lake of Titicaca, 150 miles long, rendered so famous by the Temple of the Sun, built by the Incas, on an island in its centre. At the village of Tiahuanacu, near the banks of this lake, are also to be seen the remains of the stupendous palace erected by the ancient Peruvians. The interior courts, 360 feet square, are built of enormous blocks of

From the extremity of South America let us pass on to the regions which surround the Antarctic pole. There we see navigators of all nations braving the storms and the icebergs of those seas which are covered with everlasting mists, in order to enrich geography with important observations and discoveries. After the immortal name of Cook, came those of William Smith (1818), of Lieutenant Barnsfield, of the Russian officers Bellinghausen and Lazareff (1819), of Botwell (1820), of Weddell and Palmer (1822), of Biscoe (1830), and of Balleny (1839). It is to these navigators, some commissioned by the government of the nations to which they belonged, and others who were simply whalers or seal-catchers, that we owe the successive discoveries of New South Shetland, the South Orkneys, Palmer Land, Trinity Land, the islands of Peter and Alexander, Enderby Land, Adelié Land, Graham Land, and the islands of Biscoe and Balleny. Three voyages in the southern circumpolar seas-those of Dumont d'Urville, of Captain James Clarke Ross, and of the American Commodore Wilkes-deserve particular notice. French expedition, under the command of Captain Dumont d'Urville, after a careful exploration of the Strait of Magellan, proceeded in 1838 towards the icy regions, and was stopped by an iceberg in latitude 64° S. The two vessels endeavoured to overcome the obstacles which opposed their progress, but they

The

were blockaded by the ice during five successive days, and only secured their safety by a sudden change of the wind to the south, and the immediate efforts of the crews, who cleared their way through the immense blocks of ice with which they were surrounded. Sailing in a different direction, they discovered Louis Philippe Land; and returning northward, Captain D'Urville visited, agreeably to his instructions, the island of Juan Fernandez, the Marquesas Islands, Otaheite or Tahiti-which has gained the name of the "Gem of the Pacific" from the exquisite beauty of its scenery-Samoa, Vavaoo, Hapaee, and the Feejee Islands. He then touched at Banks Island, the Vanikoro, Solomon, and Caroline Islands, and others, and arrived at the hospitable port of Guam. He then sailed through the great Asiatic Archipelago, and explored the banks of New Guinea, Australia, and the isles of Sunda; he made the tour of Borneo, and stayed a short time at Hobart Town, in Tasmania. In January, 1840, the vessels of the same expedition, L'Astrolabe and La Zélée, sailed again towards the icy regions of the south, and swept over the immense space from 120° to 170° E., which had not hitherto been fully explored by navigators. Having discovered some land and coasts which they supposed to belong to the yet undiscovered Antarctic continent, they returned to New Zealand, and explored its coasts, and those of the islands of the Louisiade Archipelago and New Guinea, including the dangerous reefs of Torres Strait.

The object of the expedition under Captain, afterwards Sir James Ross, was to investigate the problem of the Artarctic continent of which D'Urville was considered to have seen the shores. He sailed for this purpose, with the Erebus and Terror under his command, and early in 1840 he discovered land in latitude 70° 47' S., and longitude 174° 56′ E., consisting of a collection of peaked mountains, varying from 9,000 to 12,000 feet in height, covered with snow, and surrounded with immense masses of ice which jutted into the ocean like huge promontories. An island discovered in the vicinity of this land was called Victoria. In latitude 76° 8' S., and longitude 170° 32' E., they discovered another island; and next day they beheld a mountain 12,400 feet high belching forth, at an immense elevation, flames and smoke; to this volcano they gave the name of Mount Erebus. Having reached latitude 78° 4' S., the farthest south point yet reached in the Antarctic Ocean, the expedition proceeded on its way in a retrograde direction, coasting, as it were, the land first discovered, it being impossible to get on shore on account of the ice in which it was enveloped. It was thus ascertained that this land extended in latitude from 70° S. to 79° S.; and it was named Victoria Land. A second voyage of Captain Ross was fruitless, and a third ended in the discovery of a small volcanic island in latitude 64° 12' S., and in longitude 54° 29′ W. The expedition of Wilkes, the American navigator already mentioned, was practically useless; as it was proved that his claim to the discovery of the Antarctic continent could not be supported even by the testimony of his own officers. Recent attempts to penetrate into the land around the south pole have proved unsuccessful.

LESSONS IN GERMAN.-XIV. SECTION XXV.-THE INFINITIVE, ETC. WHEN not governed by an auxiliary verb of mood, the infinitive takes the preposition zu (§ 146) before it, as :-Ich habe Zeit zu fejen, I have time to read. Er geht in tie Schule, um zu lernen, he goes to school, in order to learn. Er geht auf ten Markt, um Fleisch zu kaufen, he goes to market, in order to buy meat. Ulm, in order, is, as in English, often omitted, as:-Er geht auf den Markt, Fleisch za faufen, he goes to market to buy meat.

1. Können often signifies to know, to have learned a thing, and may be followed by a noun in the accusative, as :-Können Sie Deutsch? Do you know (understand) German? Followed by a verb, fönnen signifies either to be able (see Sect. XXIV. 1), or to know how, as:-Kann er schreiben? Can he write? or, does he know how to write, has he learned to write?

2. Wissen, to know, is frequently placed before an infinitive with u, and corresponds to our phrase "to know how," as:Er weiß zu schreiben, he knows (how) to write. Er weiß zu leben, he knows (how) to live. Er weiß sich zu helfen, he knows (how) to get on.

3. Kennen also signifies to know, but only in the sense of to

be acquainted with, as :-Kennen Sie diese Leute? Do you know these people? Ich kenne sie, I know them, I am acquainted with them.

4. The indefinite pronoun man has no exact correspondent in English. It is variously translated, according to its position; thus, Man sollte immer ehrlich handeln, one should always act honourably. Man läuft, they are running. Man schreit, they are crying. Ertragen muß man, was der Himmel sendet; what (the) Heaven sends, must we endure (§ 59. 1, 2). Man is often nominative to an active verb, which latter is best rendered by a passive one, as:— Man weiß, wo er ist. it is known where he is. Man hat den Dieb gefangen, the thief has been caught.

The above use obtains especially in the phrase, man sagt " (French on dit), which, though more literally "one says," is often better rendered by "it is said, rumoured, reported," etc.

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1. Ich muß auf die Wiese gehen, Heu zu holen. 2. Was soll Ihr Bru ter in der Schule thun? 3. Er foll in die Schule gehen, um die lateinische ($ 5, 8) Sprache zu lernen. 4. Der Mensch muß ehrlich oder elend sein. 5. Was soll ich thun? 6. Sie können thun, was Sie wollen, und sollten thun, was Sie können 7. Warum sind Sie nicht gestern zu uns (Sect. XXIII.) gefemmen? 8. Ich wollte, aber ich konnte nicht; ich mußte zu Hause bleiben und lesen 9. Wird der Schneider mir einen Rock machen wellen? 10. Er wird Ihnen einen machen wollen, aber er wird es nicht thun können. 11. Warum wird er es nicht thun können? 12. Er wird morgen auf das Land gehen müssen, seinen kranken Bruter zu besuchen. 13. Was will ter Knabe mit seinem Messer? 14. Er will Bree und Käfe schneiten. 15. Haben Sie Zeit, in ten Stall zu gehen? 16. Ich habe 3ett, aber ich will nicht gehen, ich will zu Hause bleiben. 17. Was haben te zu Hause zu thun? 18. Ich habe Briefe zu lesen und zu schreiben. 19. Müssen Sie sie beute schreiben? 20. 3ch muß sie heute schreiben, weil ich morgen nach Heidelberg gehen will. 21. Man muß in der Wahl seiner Freunte vorsichtig sein. 22. Dieser Knabe hat heute gar nichts gelernt. 23. Haben Sie auch nichts gelernt? 24. Ich habe etwas gelernt, aber nicht viel.

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5.

1. 3u wem geben Sie? 2. Ich gehe zu meinem Bruder. 3. Mit wem geht tiefer Knabe? 4. Er geht mit seinem Vater nach der Start Bon wem haben Sie diese Neuigkeiten gehört? 6. Ich habe sie von meinem alten Freunde gehört. 7. Mit wem gehen Sie nach dem Derfe? 8. 3ch gehe nicht nach dem Derfe, ich gehe mit meinem Vater nach der großen Stadt. 9. Wann gehen Sie aus ter Stadt zu unsern Freunden? 10. Wir gehen nicht zu Ihren Freunden, wir kommen morgen wieder nach Hause. 11. Ich gehe heute weter zu meinem Freunde, noch nach dem Dorfe, noch aus dem Hause. 12. Der Graf hat ein großes Schloß mit kleinen Fenstern. 13. Der Fluß kommt aus ven Bergen. 14. Hat Ihr Vater etwas von

Gebet', n. prayer. Gebirge, n. chain of mountains.

Grünspan, m. verdigris.

feinem Bruder gehört? 15. Ja, dieser Mann ist aus Ungarn, und hat meinem Vater eine Schachtel von meinem Oheim gebracht. 16. Geht er nach Wien? 17. Nein, er geht nach Warschau, und von Warschau nach Krafau. 18. Der Baier, der Böhme und der Hesse kommen aus Deutsch. land. 19. Der Jäger mit seiner Flinte kommt aus dem Walte. 20. Der Knecht geht nach der Stadt. 21. Ich habe von meinen Brüdern gehört, | Klause, f. cell. fie gingen zu ihrem Freunde. 22. Das Dienstmädchen kommt vom Brun- | Kunde, m. customer. nen, und der Hausknecht geht zum Fleischer. Licht, n. light. Liebe, f. love. Magnet',

EXERCISE 41.

1. If we desire to be happy, we must not deviate from the path of virtue. 2. I know that he is not your friend, but I krow likewise [auch] that he is a man of probity [Redlichkeit]. 3. Let them know that this news is only a rumour [Gerücht]. 4. They must not say everything they know. 5. You must be very careful in the choice of your friends. 6. We ought to know to whom we apply. 7. Will you tell the tailor, when he has finished your coat, to call on me? 8. Have you time to go with me to the city? 9. If he had not been able to perform [acht hätte zu Stande bringen können] the work he would not . Have undertaken [unternommen haben] it. 10. Have you time to read this letter? 11. He goes to school, in order to learn the Latin language.

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The particles ab, an, auf, aus, bei, mit, nieter, um, voraus, etc. (§ 89, 1, § 90, § 92), are often compounded with verbs, and, as they may stand apart from the verb, they are called separable particles.

1. In principal sentences (§ 160) the particle is separated from the verb and placed at the end. In subordinate sentences, however, the particle and the verb remain always in union, as :Er wirft ten Wagen um, he overturns the wagon. Der Wagen, den er um wirft, the wagon which he overturns. Ich hob den Stein auf I lifted the stone up. Der Stein, welchen ich aufhbob, the stone which I lifted up. Der Mann geht aus, the man goes out. Mann, welcher ausgeht, the man who goes out. Er schrieb den Brief ab, he copied the letter. Der Brief, den er ab schrieb, the letter which he copied. Er brach die Blumen ab, he broke off the flowers. Sie it traurig, weil er die Blumen abbrach, she is sad, because he broke off the flowers.

Der

In the above words, "overturn and uplift," it will be seen that the usage of the two languages is similar. In nearly all other English compounds, however, this resemblance to the German does not exist; thus, for, ich kann den Wagen umwerfen," we may say, I can overturn the wagon, or, I can turn the wagon over. The sentence, Er fann ausgehen, however, we can only translate by placing the particle at the end of the sentence; as, he

can go out.

2. In the infinitive mood, the particle is never separated from the verb, except by zu, which, when used, stands between the two, as-Er will ausgehen, he will go out. Kann sie abschreiben? can she copy? Er ist bereit den Wagen um zuwerfen, he is ready to overturn the wagon.

3. In the past participle, the augment, ge, comes between the particle and the radical; the particle of course being always prefized, as :-Er hat ren Brief ab ge schrieben, he has copied the letter. Er hat ten Wagen um geworfen, he has overturned the wagon. 3ch babe ten Brief, welchen er abgeschrieben hat, I have the letter which he has copied.

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stone.

Mit gehen, to go with. Müte, tired, weary. Norten, m. North. Pest, f. plague, pestilence. Rach'süchtig, revenge

ful. Reichlich, rich. Reiter, m. rider.

m. load- Retten, to save, res

cue.

Magnet'natel, f. mag- Sanft, mild, soft. Sonne, f. sun. Sprichwort, n. adage.

netic needle. Mehr, more.

RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES.

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Das Gewissen ist die Stimme der The conscience is the voice of Seele; die Lei'renschaften sind die the soul, the passions are the Stimmen des Körpers; auf welche voices of the body; to which von beiden Stimmen soll man of these (both) voices shall hören? one listen ?

und sie gingen Jonathan nach, als And they went after Jonathan
er hinaus zog zu David
as he drew (forth) toward
David.

Das geht mich nicht an (Sect. That does not concern me.
LXXVIII. 6).

Die Sonne geht um fünf Uhr auf.

Die Sonne ist schon aufgegangen.

an.

The sun rises (goes up) at five o'clock.

The sun has already risen.

EXERCISE 42.

1. Die Reiter trieben bei dieser Nachricht ihre Pferde zu größerer Eile 2. Der schöne Zeisig ist dem (§ 129. 3) Knaben weggeflogen. 3. Die tussicht einer reichlichen Belohnung spernte sie an, das Kind des reichen Grelmannes zu retten. 4. Der Bauer hat seine Feldfrüchte eingesammelt, ausgebroschen und aufgefreichert. 5. Der Rachsüchtige wentet gern (Sect. XLIII. 1) das Sprichwort an: „aufgeschoben ist nicht aufgehoben." 6. Ab geschieden von den Menschen lebt der Eremit in seiner Klause. 7. Der Krieg hat viele Menschen weggerafft, aber doch noch mehr die Pest. 8. Die Sonne ist untergegangen. 9. Der König hat nach Beendigung des Krieges vicle Soldaten entlassen. 10. Der Magnet zicht das Eisen und den Bliz an. 11. Die Magnetnavel zeigt dem Steuermann Nord und Süd an. 12. Die Drohungen sowohl als die Verheißungen in der Bibel deuten die Liebe Gottes an. 13. Der kupferne Kessel hat Grünspan angezogen. 14. Der Müller hat sein Mehl abgesezt. 15. Der Vater hat den Hund in sein Zimmer eingeschlossen. 16. Der Kaufmann preist das Tuch seinen Kunden 17. Das Gebet richtet ein gerrücktes Herz auf. 18. Der Mond steigt hinter dem Gebirge auf und erfüllt die Erde mit seinem sansten Lichte. 19. 3ch fteige in den Wagen, Sie steigen aus dem Wagen, und er steigt auf das Pferd. 20. Die müden Reiter steigen von ihren Pferden ab. 21. Wollen Sie mich mitnehmen, wenn Sie nach Deutschland reisen? 22. Ich glaube nicht, daß Sie mitgehen wollen.

an.

EXERCISE 43.

1. After the termination of the war, the soldiers will be paid off. 2. I shall go with your brother to the hermit, who lives separated from the world. 3. The farmer has collected the corn in the field. 4. The citizens are shut up in the town from the enemy. 5. The war and the plague have destroyed a great many people. 7. 6. The weary rider dismounts his horse. The merchant has disposed of his stock. 8. The sun rises in the east. 9. The sun rises at twenty minutes past five o'clock, and sets at half-past six. 10. You must incite your scholars to be more studious. 11. Will you defer your visit for to-morrow? 12. The magnetic needle points to the north. 13. The scholar has copied his lessons.

OUR HOLIDAY.

GYMNASTICS.-V.

THE PARALLEL BARS.

THE parallel bars afford advantages similar to those of the horizontal bar, which was the subject of our last paper; and also give scope for a still higher and more attractive series of exercises which are highly beneficial in strengthening the muscles of the arms, chest, and back. The form and construction

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