CHAPTER XXXIX.

LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR GOODRICH.

Views of Northumberland, 28. Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, Lord Keeper, 28. His

Origin and Rise, 28. Made Lord Chancellor, 29. Commission to hear Causes

in Chancery, 29. Warrant for the Execution of Somerset, 29. A Parlia-

ment, 30. Unconstitutional Writs for the New Parliament, 30. Meeting of

the Parliament at Whitehall, 30. Parliament dissolved by Chancellor, 30.

Illness of Edward VI. Plan to change the Succession, 31. Edward's Will in

favour of Lady Jane Grey, 32 Conduct of the Chancellor, 32. Opinion of

Judges, 32. Plan declared illegal, 33. Meeting of Judges before the King, 33.

The Judges yield, 34. Instrument under Great Seal appointing Lady Jane

Grey to succeed, 34. Death of Edward VI., 35. Accession of Queen Jane, 35.

Goodrich her Chancellor, 35. Reign of Queen Jane, 35. Proceedings of the

Princess Mary, 36. Mary supported by the People, 36. Goodrich delivers up

Great Seal, 37. Queen Mary proclaimed, 37. Great Seal carried to Queen

Mary, 37. End of Reign of Queen Jane, 37. Retirement of Ex-chancellor

Goodrich, 37. His Death, 38. Reformation established, 38. Changes in

Criminal Law, 38. Propensities of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in the

Reign of Edward VI., 38. Proclamations, 28. Administration of Jus-

tice, 39.

CHAPTER XL.

LIFE OF STEPHEN GARDYNER, LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND, FROM HIS BIRTH

TILL THE END OF THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII.

Stephen Gardyner, Chancellor, 40.

His Extraction, 40. His Education, 40.

In service of Cardinal Wolsey, 41. Intimacy with the King, 41. King's

Divorce Cause, 41. Retained as Counsel for the King in the Divorce Cause, 42.

Is made Secretary of State, 43. Acknowledges the King's Supremacy, 43.

Opposes the Reformation, 43. "Six Articles," 44. Gardyner's anxiety about

Henry's marriage, 44. Queen Catherine Howard, 44. King announces his

Marriage with Catherine Par, 45. Gardyner marries them, 46. Intrigues

against Cranmer, 46. Conduct of Gardyner to Archbishop Cranmer, 46.

Gardyner's attempt against Queen Catherine Par, 47. Gardyner in disgrace, 48.

His Opposition to the Translation and Circulation of the Scriptures, 48. Inter-

view with Henry VIII. at Windsor, 48. King's Refusal to name him as

Executor in his Will, 49. On the Accession of Edward VI. Gardyner opposes

the Reformation, 50. Committed to the Fleet, 51. His Fortitude, 51.

gress of Reformation, 52. Proceedings against Gardyner, 52. Gardyner is

brought to Trial, 53. Kept close Prisoner in Tower, 53. Mary's triumphal

Procession to the Tower, 53. State Prisoners in the Tower, 53. Gardyner

released, is made Lord Chancellor and Prime Minister, 54.

Pro-

CHAPTER XLI.

LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR GARDYNER, FROM THE ACCESSION OF QUEEN MARY.

Good Measures of new Reign, 55. Queen crowned by Lord Chancellor, 55. His
Policy, 56. Roman Catholic Bishops restored, 56. Chancellor's Speech at
opening of Parliament, 57. Proceedings in Parliament, 57. Persecution of
Judge Hales, 57. His Dialogue with the Lord Chancellor, 58. Judge Hales
committed to Prison by Chancellor, 60. Suicide of Judge Hales, 60. Execu-
tion of Lady Jane Grey and her Husband, 60. Gardyner's cruel Administra-
tion, 60. Mary's Marriage, 61. Chancellor's Speech to Parliament, 62. Arrival

New

of Philip of Spain, 62. Reconciliation with Rome, 62. Chancellor's Speech,

introducing Cardinal Pole, 63. England reconciled to Rome, 64. Lord Chan-

cellor Gardyner preaches at Paul's Cross, 64. Estimate of his past Conduct, 64.

His Plan of extinguishing Lutheranism in England by Persecution, 65.

Court for Trial of Heretics, 66. Bishop Hooper and others tried before the

Chancellor, and sentenced to the Flames, 66. Inquisition established, 67. Con-

duct of the Chancellor on Mary's supposed Pregnancy, 67. A new Session of

Parliament, 68. Eloquence of the Lord Chancellor, 68. His sudden Death, 68.

His last Moments, 69. His Conduct as a Judge, 69. As a Statesman, 70.

His Mode of Living, 70. Funeral, 71. His Writings, 71.

CHAPTER XLII.

LIFE OF LORD CHANCELLOR HEATH,

Ap-

His

Mary's difficulty in appointing a Chancellor on the Death of Gardyner, 72.

pointment of Nicholas Heath, Archbishop of York, as Chancellor, 73. His

Birth and Education, 73. His Rise, 74. Opposes Reformation, 74.

Conduct during Protectorate of Somerset, 74. Committed to Prison, 75. De-

prived of his Bishopric, 75. On Accession of Mary, liberated and made Arch-

bishop of York, 75. Succeeds Gardyner as Chancellor, 75. His Incompetency

as a Judge, 76. A Parliament, 76. Question of Parliamentary Privilege

decided by the Chancellor, 76. Last Illness of Mary, 77. Parliament opened

by the Chancellor, 77. Proclamation against seditious Books, 78. The Lord

Chancellor's Visit to the House of Commons to press for a Subsidy, 78. The

Lord Chancellor announces to the two Houses the Death of Queen Mary, 79.

Elizabeth proclaimed, 79
Chancellor's Address to her at Hatfield, 79. Her
Answer, 79. Surrender of Great Seal to her, 80. Ex-chancellor Heath retained

as Councillor, 80.
Queen Elizabeth's choice of Religion, 81. Honourable

Conduct of Heath, 81. He concurs with Bishops in refusing to assist at Queen's

Coronation, 81. Heath's Speech in House of Lords against the Reformed

Religion, 82.
Conference between Roman Catholic and Protestant Divines, 84.

Heath refuses to acknowledge Queen's Supremacy, 84. He is deprived of his

Archbishopric, 84.
His Retirement, 84. Is visited by Queen Elizabeth, 85.

His Death, 85.
State of the Law and Conduct of Chancellors during the Reign

of Queen Mary, 85.

CHAPTER XLIII.

LIFE OF LORD KEEPER SIR NICHOLAS BACON.

State of Business in the Court of Chancery, 87. Great Seal delivered to Sir Ni-

cholas Bacon as Lord Keeper, 87. His previous Career, 88. His Birth, 88.

Education, 88.
Subordinate Offices held by him, 89.

University in London, 89. Brother-in-law of Cecil,

the Catholic Religion in the Reign of Queen Mary, 90.

Recommendation of Cecil, 90. New Great Seal, 91.

His Plan for founding a

89. His Conformity to

Made Lord Keeper on

Lord Keeper's Speech on

opening Parliament, 91. His Advice on Queen's Title, 92. Lord Keeper

Moderator in Disputation between Roman Catholic and Protestant Divines, 92.

His Partiiality, 92.
Catholic Disputants committed to Prison, 93. Lord

Keeper excellent Equity Judge, 93. Doubts respecting his Authority as Lord

Keeper, 93.
Act of Parliament to declare his Authority, 94. A new Par-

liament, 94.
Procession to Westminster, 95. Lord Keeper's Speech to the two

Houses, 95. Lord Keeper's Speech at the Prorogation, 96. Elizabeth's Decla-

ration about her Marriage, 96.
Queen's Suitors, 96. Address delivered by Lord

Keeper inviting Queen to marry, 97. Queen's Answer, 98. Ceremony at the

Close of the Session, 99.
Speech of Speaker of House of Commons, 99. Lord

Keeper's Answer, 99. Queen stops him, and herself addresses the Commons, 99.

Parliament dissolved, 99. Controversy respecting Right of Succession to the

Throne, 100. Pamphlet in favour of House of Suffolk, 100. Discovery that

this was written by the Lord Keeper, 100. Lord Keeper dismissed from Privy

Council, and ordered to confine himself to Business of Court of Chancery, 100.

Lord Keeper restored to Privy Council and Queen's Confidence, 100. Mary,

Queen of Scots, 101. Lord Keeper a Commissioner to examine into the Charge

of her having murdered her Husband, 101. Queen Elizabeth goes to Parlia-

ment in a Coach, 102. Lord Keeper's Speech to the two Houses, 102. Choice of

Speaker, 103. Lord Keeper procceds in Council against Members of the House

of Commons, 103. Lord Keeper reprimands the Commons, 103. Solicitation

of the Speaker of the House of Commons to Elizabeth in her advanced years to

marry and have children, 103. The Lord Keeper's Answer, 104. Influence of

the Lord Keeper, 104. Trial of Duke of Norfolk, 105. Elizabeth's Kindness to

the Lord Keeper, 105. His Corpulency, 106. His Death, 106. Funeral, 106.

Epitaph, 107. Character by Camden, 107. By his Son, 107. By Hayward,

107. His Scholarship, 108. His Oratory, 108. His high Qualifications as a

Judge, 108. His Writings, 108. His Jests, 109. Lord Keeper questioned at

the Gate of Heaven respecting a Decree, 110. His Fortune, 111. His Chil-

dren, 111. His Son Francis, 112.

CHAPTER XLIV.

LIFE OF SIR THOMAS BROMLEY, LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND.

Great Seal Two Months in personal Custody of the Queen, 113. Her mode of

using it, 113. Clamour for the Appointment of a Chancellor, 114. Queen's

Perplexity, 114. Sir Thomas Bromley, the Solicitor General, appointed Lord

Chancellor, 114. His Birth, 115. Bred to the Law, 115. Made Solicitor Ge-

neral, 115. His Conduct on Trial of Duke of Norfolk, 115.
Evidences to sup-

124.

port the Charge, 117. Found guilty, and executed, 118. Grief of Mary, 118.

Bromley, the Solicitor General, sent to her, 119. His interview with her, 119.

Determination to bring Mary to the Scaffold, 119. Bromley while Solicitor

General more trusted by the Government than the Attorney General, 120. Ap-

pointed Lord Chancellor, 120. His Speech to the Queen on his Appointment,

120. Good Equity Judge, 122. A Parliament, 122. Death of Speaker in

Vacation, 123. Chancellor's Admonition to new Speaker, 123. Lord Chancellor

rebukes Members of the House of Commons, 123. Apprehensions of Elizabeth's

Ministers from the Queen of Scots being next Heir to the Crown, 123.
Sug-

gestion of taking her off by Poison, 124. Act of Parliament preferred, 124.

Lord Chancellor's Speech on opening of Parliament, 124. Bill for Trial of Mary,

Joy of Elizabeth, 124. She thanks the two Houses, 125. Just Convic-

tion of Babington, 125. Commission for the Trial of Mary, 125. Bromley

President, 125. Commissioners meet at Fotheringay, 125. Mary denies the

Jurisdiction of the Court, 125. Mary's preliminary Interview with Bromley and

other Commissioners, 126. Bromley baffled, 126. Attempt of Sir Christopher

Hatton, 127. Mary submits to the Jurisdiction of the Court, 127.
Her trial,

127. Lord President Bromley's Address to her, 127. Her Answer, 127. Her

Protest entered, 128. Evidence against her, 128. Her Defence, 128. Burgh-

ley conducts the Prosecution, 129. His dread of an Acquittal, 129. Court ad-

journed to Westminster, 129. Verdict of gulty against her in her Absence, 129.

Measures for carrying Sentence into Execution, 129. Parliament assembled, 129.

Lord Chancellor's Speech to hasten Execution, 130. Lord Chancellor's second

Speech against Mary, 130. Unanimous Address of both Houses, praying for her

Execution, 130. Elizabeth's Sarcasms on the Lawyers, 131.
Elizabeth signs

Warrant for Mary's Execution, 131 Great Seal affixed to it, 132. It is sent

off by the Council, 132. Mary's Execution, 132. Her Conduct in her last

Moments, 132. Sudden Illness of the Lord Chancellor, 132.
His Death, 133.

Lamentations over him, 133. His Character, 133. Friend to Toleration, 134.

His Descendants, 134.

CHAPTER XLV.

LIFE OF SIR CHRISTOPHER HATTON, LORD CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND.

Gismund," 138.

Great Seal in Custody of Queen, 135. Speculations as to the Appointment of the

new Chancellor, 135. Astonishment on Appointment of Sir Christopher Hatton,

136. Elizabeth's Selection of her Lovers for high Offices, 136. Family of

Hatton, 136. Early Vanity of Sir Christopher, 137. Gentleman Commoner at

Oxford, 137. His Idleness at College, 137. His Profligacy at the Inns of

Court, 137. His Skill in dancing, 137. His Fondness for the Stage, 137.

Joined in writing a Tragedy acted before Queen, 137. Tragedy of " Tancred and

Scene written by Sir Christopher Hatton, 138. He captivates

Queen Elizabeth, 139. Taken into her Service, 139. Queen takes Security for

Money advanced to him, 139. His rapid Promotion at Court, 139. He is re-

turned to Parliament, and becomes Leader of the Honse of Commons, 140.

Opposes Elizabeth's Marriage with the Duke of Anjou, 140. Suspicion of being

concerned in Murder of Earl of Northumberland, 140. Part taken by him against

Mary Queen of Scots, 141. His Prayer in the House of Commons, 142. Sits

on Trial of Babington, &c., 142. His Examination of Nau and Curle, Mary's

Secretaries, 144. His Conduct on Mary's Trial, 144. His Speech against her in

the House of Commons, 144. Carries Resolution in the House of Commons for

Execution of Mary, 145. Active in sending off Death-warrant, 145. Pretended
Anger of Elizabeth, 145. He is made Lord Chancellor, 146. Description of

the Ceremony, 146.

competency, 147.

his Installation, 147.

as a Judge, 149.

152.

153.

Hatton's In-

Procession on

His Conduct

Sudden Death of

Consternation at Westminster Hall, 147.

Bar resolve not to practise before him, 147.

His Reception in Court of Chancery, 148.

Approach of the Armada, 150. Chancellor attends Queen to

Tilbury, 150. A Parliament, 150. Lord Chancellor's Speech to the two

Houses, 150.
He is made Knight of the Garter, 151. He declines in favour,

He resists illegal Patent to the Earl of Leicester, 152.

Earl of Leicester, 152. Rise of young Earl of Essex, 153. Chancellor slighted,
Sir Walter Raleigh taken into favour, 153. And Charles Blount, 153.

Queen demands Debt due to her from Hatton, 154. His last Sickness, 154.

Elizabeth visits him while ill in Bed, 154. His Death, 155. His Funeral, 155.

His Character, 155. His Decisions, 155. A Jest by him in the Court of

Chancery, 156. His Severity in the Star Chamber, 156. His continued Love of

dancing when Chancellor, 156. Sonnet addressed to him by Spenser, 157. To-

lerant in Religion, 157. His Liaison with Elizabeth, 157.

Talbot to the Earl of Shrewsbury, 157. Never married, 158.

Mary to Queen Elizabeth, 158. Collared by the Queen, 159. His Letter to the

Earl of Essex, 160. Grants to him from Queen, 160. Entertainment by him to

the Queen at Stoke Pogis, 161. His collateral Relations, 161.

CHAPTER XLVI.

Letter of Gilbert

Letter of Queen

LIFE OF SIR JOHN PUCKERING, LORD KEEPER OF THE GREAT SEAL.

On Death of Sir Christopher Hatton, Great Seal delivered to the Queen, 162.

Her Reluctance to Appointment of Puckering on account of his uncouth Man-

ners, 162. Two Commissions for Business of Great Seal, 162. Difficulties

from this Arrangement, 163. Puckering, Lord Keeper, 163. His Origin, 163,
Education, 163.
A great Black-letter Lawyer, 163. Called Serjeant, 163.

Member of the House of Commons, 164. Elected Speaker, 164. His Address

to the Queen, 164.
Counsel for the Crown, 164. Speaker the second Time,

165. Urges the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots, 165. Answer of Eliza-

beth, 166. Puckering prosecutes Secretary Davison, 166. Queen's Serjeant,

166. His Conduct on Trial of Earl of Arundel, 166. Conducts Prosecution

of Sir John Perrot, 167. Puckering is knighted, and receives the Great Seal,

168. His Installation as Lord Keeper, 169.

His Merits and Defects as a

Judge, 169. A Parliament, 169. Lord Keeper's Address, 170. Sir Edward

Coke elected Speaker, 170. Allowed by the Lord Keeper, 170. Lord Keeper's

Definition of "Liberty of Speech," 171. Members of House of Commons com-

mitted to Prison, 171. Ideas of Lord Keeper and Speaker respecting Privilege

of Parliament, 171. Death of Lord Keeper Puckering, 172. His Character,

172. Steady Government of Queen Elizabeth, 173.

CHAPTER XLVII.

LIFE OF LORD ELLESMERE FROM HIS BIRTH TILL THE EXECUTION OF THE EARL OF ESSEX.

Queen keeps Great Seal in her own Custody, 174. Great Seal delivered to Sir

Thomas Egerton, 174. Natural Son of Sir Richard Egerton, 174. His Edu-

cation, 175. His Study of Law, 175. Anecdote of his interfering, while a

Student, as Amicus Curiæ, 175. He becomes a great Jurist, 176.
Called to

Bar, 176. Made Queen's Counsel, 176. His Mode of conducting Suits, 177.

Made Solicitor General, 178. His Mode of conducting State Trials, 179. He

frames the Indictment against Mary Queen of Scots, 179. Counsel against Earl

of Arundel, 180. Egerton, Attorney General, 180. Prays Judgment on Sir

John Perrot, 180. Knighted, 181. Chamberlain of Chester, 181. Master of

the Rolls, 181. Mode of appointing him Lord Keeper, 182. While Lord

Keeper, he continues Master of the Rolls, 183. General Joy on his Appoint-

ment as Lord Keeper, 183. He proves a consummate Judge, 183. His De-

cisions, 184. Offends Common-law Judges, by granting Injunctions, 185. Is

defeated in Attempts to enforce Decrees in Equity by imposing Fines, 185. A

Parliament, 186. Lord Keeper's Speech, 186. Lord Keeper's Admonition to

the Speaker, 187. Question of Precedence, 187. Bill against Monopolies, 187.

Lord Keeper negotiates Treaty with Dutch, 187. Treaty with Denmark, 188.

Egerton's Conduct to Earl of Essex, 188. Queen Elizabeth's Box on Ear to

Earl of Essex, 188. Egerton's Letter to him, 189. Essex induced to apolo-

gise, 190. Essex in Ireland, 190. Returns without leave, 190. Committed

to the Custody of the Lord Keeper, 191. Lord Keeper's Kindness to his Pri-

Letter from the Lord Keeper to Essex, 191. Proceeding against

Essex in Star Chamber, 191. Lord Keeper's Speech, 192. Essex released

from the Custody of Lord Keeper, 193. Trial of Essex before Lord Keeper

and other Commissioners, 194. His Defence, 194. Lord Keeper's Admonition

to him, 194. The Sentence, 195. Essex's Rebellion, 195. Lord Keeper sent

to Essex House to quell it, 196. The Lord Keeper made Prisoner, 196. The

Lord Keeper liberated, 197. Surrender of Essex, 198. His Trial for High

soner, 191.

Treason, 198.

Lord Keeper's Interview with him in the Tower, 199. Death

of Lord Ellesmere's second Wife, and of his eldest Son, 200. His third Mar-

riage, 200.

CHAPTER XLVIII.

CONTINUATION OF LIFE OF LORD ELLESMERE TILL THE END OF THE REIGN OF

ELIZABETH.

Lord Keeper's Controversy with Serjeant Heele, 201.

His Memorial against

Ser-

He is coughed down,

Queen faints away, and

Serjeant Heele, 201. Serjeant Heele's Letter to the Lord Keeper, 202.

jeant Heele's Speech in the House of Commons, 204.

204. Opening of Elizabeth's last Parliament, 204.

Commons excluded, 204. Lord Keeper's Speech to the two Houses, 204.

Queen piously interrupts the Lord Keeper, 205.

against Abuse of Freedom of Speech, 205.

Privilege, 205. Parliament dissolved, 206.

Admonition to Commons

Commons complain of Breach of

Queen Elizabeth's Visit to the