rubric of the rites of celebrating mass, the officiating priest is directed reverently to exhibit the host or consecrated wafer to the congregation, to be adored. We will now adduce three instances, out of many which might be given, of similar religious honours being paid to a sinful mortal, after his elevation to the pontifi

cate.

(1.) The Adoration of Pope Martin V. is proved by a medal, which is engraved in the Numismata Pontificum

Romanorum," published by the Jesuit Bonanni, (tom. i., plate 1.) It was struck by order of Martin, on his elevation to the pontificate; and it represents him sitting on a throne, while two persons are placing the tiara, or papal crown, on his head. In the foreground four persons are represented as kneeling, three on the right hand, and one on the left hand the last has his hands clasped in the attitude of devotion. The motto of this medal plainly indicates the event which it was designed to commemorate: "QUEM CREANT ADORANT." Whom they CREATE they ADORE.

(2.) Adoration of Pope Pius II."The Pope was conducted to the Church of St. Peter: and, after being elevated on the high altar, at the foot of the tombs of the holy apostles, he sat upon the throne which was prepared for him, and was there ADORED by the cardinals, afterwards by the bishops, and lastly by all the people, who crowded to kiss his feet."*

(3.) Adoration of Pope Pius VIII., who was elected March 31st, 1829. The following description of the "religious honours" paid to this man on his election to the Papacy, is from the pen of an eye-witness:

"We were resident at Rome during the present Pope's election. We were present at the Adoration of the Pope, which took place in the following manner:

"The day after the breaking up of the conclave, having left the pontifical palace, he proceeded to St. Peter's. Arriving at the front

entrance, he was carried on men's shoulders to the grand altar, situated in the section of the cross, in the form of which the upper end of

*Fleury, Histoire Ecclesiastique, avec la continuation. (Book iii., § lxix., tom. xxiii., p. 53, Paris, 1727, 4to.)

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Now, if yon will compare this with the Church of Rome-not as it was in the beginning, but as it is at present, and hath been for the space of nine [twelve] hundred years and odd-you shall well perceive the state thereof to be so far wide from the nature of the true church, that nothing can be more. For neither are they built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, retaining the sound and pure doctrine of Christ Jesus; neither yet do they order the sacraments, or else the ecclesiastical keys, in such sort as he did first institute and ordain them; but have so intermingled their own traditions and inventions, by chopping and changing, by adding and plucking away, that now they may seem to be converted into a new guise. Christ commended to his church a sacrament of his body and blood: they have changed it into a sacrifice for the quick and the dead.

* Extract of a letter, from a person who had just returned from Rome, in the Morning Herald newspaper, No. 15,319, published Oct. 28th, 1829, p. 2, col. 4.

Christ did minister to his apostles, and the apostles to other men indifferently, under both kinds: they have robbed the lay people of the cup, saying, that for them one kind is sufficient. Christ ordained no other element to be used in baptism, but only water; whereunto when the word is joined, it is made, as St. Augustine saith, a full and perfect sacrament: they, being wiser in their own conceit than Christ, think it is not well nor orderly done, unless they use conjuration, unless they hallow the water, unless there be oil, salt, spittle, tapers, and such other dumb ceremonies, serving to no use; contrary to the plain rule of St. Paul, who willeth all things to be done in the church to edification. (1 Cor. xiv. 26.) Christ ordained the authority of the keys to excommunicate notorious sinners, and to absolve them which are truly penitent; they abuse this power at their own pleasure, as well in cursing the godly with bell, book, and candle, as also in absolving the reprobate, which are known to be unworthy of any Christian society; whereof they that lust to see examples, let them search their lives. To be short, look what our Saviour Christ pronounced of the Scribes and Pharisees in the Gospel: the same may be boldly, and with safe conscience, pronounced of the BISHOPS OF ROME; namely, that they HAVE FORSAKEN, AND

DAILY DO FORSAKE, THE COMMANDMENTS OF GOD, TO ERECT AND SET UP THEIR OWN CONSTITUTIONS. Which thing being true, as all they which have any light of God's word must needs confess, we may well conclude that the BISHOPS OF ROME AND THEIR ADHERENTS ARE NOT THE TRUE CHURCH OF CHRIST; much less, then, to be taken as chief heads and rulers of the same."

they be of God or no,' (1 John iv. 1.) Many shall come in my name (saith Christ), and shall transform themselves into angels of light, deceiving, if it be possible, the very elect' (Matt. xxiv. 24). They shall come unto you in sheep's clothing, being inwardly cruel and ravening wolves. They shall have an outward show of great holiness and innocency of life, so that ye shall hardly or not at all discern them. But the rule that ye must follow is this, to judge them by their fruits, (Mat. vii. 15-20; Luke vi. 4345.) Which if they be wicked and naught, then it is impossible that the tree of whom they proceed should be good. Such were the popes and prelates of Rome for the most part, as doth well appear in the story of their lives; and, therefore, they are worthily accounted among the number of false prophets and false Christs, which deceived the world a long while. The Lord of Heaven and earth defend us from their tyranny and pride that they never enter into his vineyard again, to the disturbance of his silly poor flock; but that they may be utterly confounded and put to flight in all parts of the world. And he, of his great mercy, so work in all men's hearts, by the mighty power of the Holy Ghost, that the comfortable Gospel of his Son Christ may be truly preached, truly received, and truly followed in all places; to the beating down of sin, death, the pope, the devil, and all the kingdom of Antichrist; that the scattered and dispersed sheep being at length gathered into one fold, we may in the end rest all together in the bosom of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; there to be partakers of eternal and everlasting life, through the merits and death of Jesus Christ our Saviour. Amen."

NOTE. This article was originally published in the Church of England Quarterly Review, for January and April, 1841, under the title of "Mariolatry."

PUBLIC TESTIMONY.—THE Church of ENGLAND.

THE ARTICLES of the Church are almost one series of testimonies against papal doctrines. IN THE HOMILIES, sanctioned by these Articles, the following testimonies appear respecting the Pope as antichrist, Babylon, and the Man of

Sin.

In the Homily of Obedience, Part iii., "The Bishop of Rome teaches, that they that are under him are free from all burdens and charges of the commonwealth, and obedience towards their prince; most clearly against Christ's doctrine and St. Peter's. HE OUGHT THEREFORE RATHER TO BE CALLED ANTICHRIST, and the successor of the scribes and pharisees, than Christ's vicar, or St. Peter's successor; SEEING THAT, not only on this point, but also in other weighty matters of Christian religion, in matters of remission and forgiveness of sins, and of salvation, HE TEACHETH SO DIRECTLY AGAINST BOTH ST. PETER, AND AGAINST OUR SAVIOUR CHRIST."

In the Homily against Peril of Idolatry, Part iii., speaking of the worship of images, and the miracles of the papists, the Homily says

"The scriptures have for a warning hereof showed, that THE KINGDOM OF ANTICHRIST shall be mighty in miracles and wonders to the strong illusion of all the reprobates." And again, "Such Such sumptuous decking of images with gold, silver, and precious stones, be a token of ANTICHRIST's kingdom, who, as the prophet foreshows, shall worship God with such gorgeous things."

Sermon against Wilful Rebellion, Part v.-"After this ambition, [to be head of all the church, and lord of all kingdoms,] the Bishop of Rome became at once THE SPOILER AND DESTROYER both oF THE CHURCH, which is the kingdom of our Saviour Christ, and of the Christian empire, and all Christian kingdoms, as an universal tyrant over all."

"In king John's time, the Bishop of VOL. I.-8

Rome, understanding the brute blindness, ignorance of God's word, and superstition of Englishmen, and how much they were inclined to worship THE BABYLONIAN BEAST OF ROME, and to fear all his abused them thus, and by their rebellion threatenings and causeless cursings, he brought this noble realm of England under his most cruel tyranny."

THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.

Confession of Faith:-" There is no other Head of the Church than the Lord Jesus Christ, nor can the Pope of Rome be in any sense the head thereof; but is that antichrist, that man of sin and son of perdition, that exalteth himself in the church against Christ, and all that is called God." Ch. xxv. s. 6.

THE CHURCH OF IRELAND.

Articles of the Irish Church:-"80. The Bishop of Rome is so far from being the supreme Head of the Universal Church of Christ, that his works and that Man of Sin foretold in the Holy doctrine do plainly discover him to be Scriptures, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and abolish with the brightness of his coming."

THE GOVERNMENT OF BRITAIN.

Declaration against Popery: made by the King, in the presence of the Houses of Parliament:-"I do solemnly and sincerely, in the presence of God, testify and declare, that I do believe, that in the sacrament of the Lord's Supper, there is not any transubstantiation of the elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ, or after the consecration thereof by any person whatsoever. And that the invocation and adoration of the Virgin Mary, or any other saint, and the sacrifice of the Mass, as they are now used in the Church of Rome, are superstitious and IDOLATROUS. And I do solemnly, in the presence of God, profess, testify, and declare, that I do make this declaration, and

every part thereof, in the plain and ordinary sense of the words read unto me as they are commonly understood by English Protestants, without any evasion, equivocation, or mental reservation whatsoever, and without any dispensation already granted me for this purpose by the Pope, or any other person or authority whatsoever; or without any hope of any such dispensation from any person or authority whatsoever; or without think ing that I am or can be acquitted before God or man, or absolved of this declaration, or any part thereof, although the Pope, or any other person or persons, or power whatsoever, shall dispense with or annul the same, or declare that it was null. and void from the beginning."

The various clauses of this declaration are very instructive, as manifesting the shifts and sophistries by which papists, with all deceivableness (ararη deceitfulness) of unrighteousness have sought to evade the simple, plain truth, and corrupt the honesty of an upright mind.

PRIVATE OF INDIVIDUAL TESTIMONY.

Cranmer, in his book on the Sacrament, after showing that Christ "made a sacrifice and oblation of his own body upon the cross, which was a full redemption and satisfaction for the sins of the whole world," he adds, "But the Romish Antichrist, to deface this great benefit of Christ, has taught that his sacrifice upon the cross is not sufficient hereunto, with out another sacrifice devised by him, and made by the priest; or else without indulgences, beads, pardons, pilgrimages, and such other pelfray, to supply Christ's imperfection. "O heinous blasphemy and most detestable injury against Christ! O wicked abominations in the temple of God! O pride intolerable of Antichrist, and most manifest token of the son of perdition, extolling himself above God, and with Lucifer exalting his seat and power above the throne of God! For he that taketh upon him to supply that thing which he pretend to be imperfect in Christ must needs make himself above Christ, and so very Antichrist."

*

*

*

pope, I refuse him as Christ's enemy and the Antichrist, with all his false doctrine." Latimer, in prison, before his martyrdom-"What fellowship hath Christ with Antichrist? Therefore it is not lawful to bear the yoke with the papists. Come forth from among them, and separate yourselves from them, saith the Lord."

Ridley, in his farewell letter, before he suffered "The see of Rome is the seat of Satan, and the bishop of the same, that maintaineth the abominations thereof, is Antichrist himself indeed. And for the same causes, this see at this day is the same which St. John calls, in his Revelation, Babylon, or the whore of Babylon, and spiritually, Sodom and Egypt, the mother of fornications and abominations upon earth."

Again, in his Lamentation for the Change of Religion, he says " What city is there in the whole world that, when John wrote, ruled over the kings of the earth? or what city can be read of, in any time, that, of the city itself, challenged the empire over the kings of the earth, but only the city of Rome, and that since the usurpation of that see, has grown to her full strength?"

Bradford, in a letter to Lady Vane"The usurped authority of the supremacy of the Bishop of Rome is undoubt edly that great Antichrist, of whom the apostles do so much admonish us."

In his sermon on the Lord's Supper"It is a plain sign of Antichrist to deny the substance of bread and wine to be in the Lord's Supper after consecration; for in so doing, and in granting transubstantiation, the property of the human nature of Christ is denied; for it is not of the human nature, but of the divine nature, to be in many places at once. grant transubstantiation, and then Christ's natural body must needs be in many places, which is nothing else but to con found the two natures in Christ, or to deny Christ's human nature, which is the self same thing, St. John says, to deny Christ to be come in the flesh.”

Now

diction to the pope, dwelling especially on his pretences of belonging to Christ, and serving Christ."

Hooper, in his Declaration of Christ "The very properties of Antichrist, I mean of Christ's great and principal enemy, are so openly known to all men that are not blinded with the smoke of Rome, that they know him to be the beast that John describes in the Apocalypse, as well as the logicians know that 'man is distinguished from other animals by the faculty of laughter.'"

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Bishop Hooper has many cautions and colemn warnings against a peculiar temp tation in Mary's reign, for those, in principle Protestants, to conform to popery in practice, and attend the mass. He compares it to a wife's adultery. He says, Beware of foolish and deceitful collusion to think a man may serve God in spirit secretly to his conscience, although outwardly, with his body and bodily presence, he cleave, for civil order, to such rites and ceremonies as now be used contrary to God and his word. Be assured that whatsoever he be that giveth this counsel, shall be before God able to do you no more profit than the fig-leaves did unto Adam."

Bishop Hooper also frequently gives the name of Antichrist to popery, speak ing of "the synagogue of Antichrist," Antichrist's tyranny," and "Antichrist and his damnable religion," "the pope the capital enemy of Christ and his religion."

Frith, annexed to a work called "The Revelation of Antichrist," an antithesis contrasting the acts of Christ and the pope, in seventy-seven particulars.

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Tyndale The Jews look for Christ, and he is come fifteen hundred years ago, and they not aware: we also have looked for Antichrist, and he has reigned as long, and we not aware: and that because either of us looked carnally for him, and not in the place where we ought to have sought. The Jews had found Christ verily, if they had sought him in the law and the prophets, whither Christ sendeth them to seek. John v. We also had spied out Antichrist long ago, if we had looked into the doctrine of Christ and his apos

tles, where, because the beast sees himself now to be sought for, he roars."

Fulke Paul, (2 Thess. ii.) speaking purposely of Antichrist, says expressly, that he shall sit in the temple of God, which is the church of Christ. Now the pope sits in the midst of the temple of God, and boasts himself to be God, challenging unto himself such authority as is proper only unto God, and usurping such honour as is peculiar unto God. There fore not in heathen emperors, nor in Mahomedans, is the prophecy accomplished."

TESTIMONIES before the REFORMATION.

of Reinerius Saccho, in 1254,) asserted The Waldenses (from the testimony "that the Romish church is not the church of Jesus Christ, but a church of malignants, and that it apostatized under Sylvester-and that the church of Rome is the harlot in the Apocalypse."

The Albigenses (from the testimony of the Book of Sentences, or Register of the Proceedings of the Inquisition from 1307 to 1323, from the sentence of Peter Auterius, an eminent Albigensian.)— "The Roman church you impudently call the mother of fornication, the church of the devil, the synagogue of Satan, which is in fact the mother and mistress of all the faithful; all whose decrees and orders, and its laws and statutes, you malign by your impertinent falsehoods. And on the other hand, you call all those who hold its faith heretics and misled persons, and wickedly and impiously teach, that none can be saved in the faith of the Roman church."

I am indebted to Mr. Maitland's Facts and Documents for these extracts.

The Reformers referred to the Fathers, as strengthening their testimony: thus

Musculus, referring to Bernard's calling a pope the "Man of Sin," says, "No man can charge us that we be the first that have referred the same unto the head of the most corrupt clergy, I mean Simon of Rome."

Martyr also states-"Pope Gregory says whosoever will arrogate this title of Universal Bishop, or Head of the Church, to himself, is Antichrist. But the pope challenges unto himself this title, where