The Coffer-dam Process for Piers: Practical Examples from Actual Work |
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The Coffer-Dam Process for Piers: Practical Examples from Actual Work Charles Evan Fowler No preview available - 2012 |
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abutments allowed Arthur Kill Bridge boiler bolts bracing bridge broken stone built cableway caisson canvas cent centrifugal pump Charlestown Bridge clean coffer COFFER-DAM PROCESS concrete contractor cost crib cylinders deposited depth derrick described discharge dredging driven excavation feet below low filled footing course Fort Monroe foundations four feet frame grillage guide piles hammer hardpan Harlem Ship Canal high water hoisting engine inches in diameter inside iron joints laid layer leakage leaks length Lidgerwood load low water masonry material metal method mortar ordinary pier pile driver pivot pier plank Portland cement pounds pressure PROCESS FOR PIERS puddle chamber pulsometer rammed removed riprap river rock bottom sand sheet piling shells shown in Fig sides space span spiked steam suction pipe surface tight timber tion tongue and groove tube vertical wales walls watertight weight yards YORK STATE CANALS ΙΟ
Popular passages
Page 146 - ... and putting in place. All timber must be sound, straight-grained, and free from sap, loose or rotten knots, wind shakes, or any other defect that would impair its strength or durability. It must be sawed (or hewed) perfectly straight and to exact dimensions, with full corners and square edges. All framing must be done in a thorough, workmanlike manner.
Page 120 - U ar to judge of the proper location of said bridge, and shall furnish such other information as may be required for a full and satisfactory understanding of the subject; and until the said changes. plans and locations are approved by the Secretary of War...
Page 145 - ... chief engineer, be reasonably plowed on account of its own inherent hardness. Loose Rock. Loose rock will include all stone and detached rock, found in separate masses, containing not less than one cubic foot, nor more than one-half cubic yard, and all slate or other rock, soft or loose enough to be removed without blasting, although blasting may occasionally be resorted to. Solid Rock. Solid rock will include all rock in place, and boulders measuring one-half cubic yard and upwards, in removing...
Page 142 - The cement shall be a true Portland cement, made by calcining a proper mixture of calcareous and clayey earths; and if required the contractor shall furnish a certified statement of the chemical composition of the cement and the raw materials from which it is manufactured. " The fineness of the cement shall be such that at least 99 per cent, will pass through a sieve of 50 meshes...
Page 142 - ... or 12 per cent. of water by weight shall be used. " Specimens prepared from neat cement shall after seven days develop a tensile strength of not less than 450 pounds per square inch.
Page 143 - Portland cement and two parts sand; for the next seven (7) inches, one part Portland cement, two parts sand, and four parts broken stone of hazelnut size.
Page 142 - ... days not less than 200 pounds per square inch. Specimens prepared from a mixture of one part cement and three parts sand (parts by weight) and immersed, after twenty-four hours, in water...
Page 146 - It shall be allowed at least twelve (12) hours to set before any work is laid on it. Foundations. Excavations. Foundations for masonry shall be excavated to such depths as may be necessary to secure a solid bearing for the masonry, —of which the engineer shall be the judge. The materials excavated will be •classified and paid for, as provided for in the Specificaiions for Grading.
Page 1 - ... of the underground work of the piers and abutments, must naturally claim, in a very eminent degree, the attention of the engineer or bridge architect. The most refined elegance of taste, as applied in the architectural embellishment of the structure — the most scientific arrangement of the arches, and disposition generally of the superior parts of the work — and the most judicious and workmanlike selection, and subsequent combination of the whole materials composing the edifice, are evidently...
Page 68 - As the surface was settling the driving was becoming harder all the time. In the north half, which embraces the navigable pass, there was some settlement, but it was not as noticeable as in the south half. The surface had probably settled by the jarring of the hammers while the first half was being driven. The penetration of the piles is also greater than it is usually in sand foundations in the bed of streams. The piles were all of Norway pine and well seasoned. Two...