United States Alien Immigration Statistics. UNITED STATES ALIEN IMMIGRATION STATISTICS.—Continued. FROM POLAND. Tabulated separately from "countries not specified" only in these years. 157 51.0611895.. 35,443 1897. FROM PORTUGAL. FROM ROUMANIA. 90 66 59 76,203 FROM RUSSIA. 158 United States Immigration Statistics. UNITED STATES ALIEN IMMIGRATION STATISTICS-Continued. FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM (GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND). "Countries not specified includes Poland, 1886-1898. Immigration in the year ended June 30, 1918, included: From China, 1,795; India, 130; Australasia, 925; Central America, 2,220; South America, 3,343; Spain, 4,295. Organized in Washington, D. C., October 8, 1917. Purpose: To create a medium through which the loyal Americans of all classes, sections, creeds, and parties can give expression to the fundamental purpose of the United States to carry on to a successful conclusion this new war for the independence of America and the preservation of democratic institutions and the vindication of the basic principles of humanity. The officers: Honorary Chairmen-His Eminence James Cardinal Gibbons, Frank Mason North, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ of America. Chairman Theodore N. Vall, President American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Vice-Chairmen-Samuel Gompers, President American Federation of Labor; Charles S. Barrett, President Farmers' Educational and Co-operative Union of America. Chairman Literary Bureau-Talcott Williams, Director School of Journalism, Columbla University, New York. Chairman Next of Kin Division-Wheeler P. Bloodgood, Member Executive Counell, Wisconsin Loyalty Legion, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Director-Ralph M. Easley, Chairman National Civic Federation. Secretary-D. L. Cease, editor The Railroad Trainman.' Treasurer-Otto H. Kahn, Kuhn, Loeb & Co. United States Immigration Statistics. TOTAL IMMIGRATION, BY SEX AND AGE. 159 The second deported column, after 1910. includes persons deported without time limit: 1911, 71; 1912, 54; 1913, 79; 1914, 215; 1915, 196: 1916, 249. For the years prior to 1895 the figures in the last two columns are for persons over 16 years: for 1895 to date for persons 14 years of age and over. "Under 14 years" includes those under 15 until 1899; "14 to 45" means 15 to 50 until 1899; "45 and over" means 40 and over until 1899. IMMIGRANT ALIENS ADMITTED INTO THE UNITED STATES, BY MONTHS, 1913 TO 1917. MONTH IMMIGRATION, BY CHIEF PORTS, SINCE 1905. 160 United States Immigration Statistics. UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION STATISTICS—Continued. INWARD PASSENGER MOVEMENT, YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1918. 71.352 81,500 244,877 397,729 23,233 17,183 30,960 71,376 110,618 101,235] 72,867 7,297 292,017 Total.. 94,585 98,6831 275,837) 469,105 NOTE-Arriving aliens whose permanent residence has been outside the United States, who intend to reside permanently in the United States, are classed as immigrant aliens. Departing aliens whose permanent residence has been in the United States, who intend to reside permanently outside, are classed as emigrant aliens. All alien residents of the United States making a temporary trip abroad and all aliens residing abroad making a temporary trip to the United States are classed as non-immigrant aliens on the inward journey and non-emigrant on the outward. (Year Ended June 30, 1918.) IMMIGRANTS, BY CHIEF OCCUPATIONS, were: Actors, 214; clergy, 404; electricians, 222; professional engineers, 520; musicians, 190; Government officials, 874; physicians, 182; teachers, 849; bakers, 260; barbers, 221; blacksmiths, 288; carpenters, 1,670; clerks, 3,908; dressmakers, 774; engineers, 527; iron and steel workers, 194; machinists, 815; mariners, 4,632; masons, 287; mechanics, 561; miners, 649; painters, 246; seamstresses, 1,268; shoemakers, 332; stokers, 744; tailors, 584; weavers, 212; farm laborers, 4,538: farmers, 2,583; fishermen, 378; laborers, 14,659; merchants, 2,659. (1917)-July, 8,594; August, 7,659; September, 7,227; (1918)—January, 6,661; February, 14,935; March, ADMISSIONS, IMMIGRANT ALIENS, BY MONTHS: (1917)-July, 9,367; August, 10,047; September, 9,228; October, 9,284: November, 6,446; December, 6,987. (1918)-January, 6,356; February, 7,388; March, 6,510; April, 9,541; May, 15,217; June, 14,247. DEPARTURES, EMIGRANT ALIENS, BY MONTHS: October, 4,861; November, 8,136; December, 5,602. 4,082; April, 9,437; May, 12,517; June, 4,964. DESTINATION, BY STATES, OF IMMIGRANT ALIENS-Ala., 182; Alaska, 151; Ariz., 2,430; Ark., 74: Cal., 12,098; Col., 573; Conn., 1,795; Del., 64; Dist. of Col., 858; Fla., 1,459; Ga., 146; Hawaii, 3,100; Idaho, 425; Ill., 2,748; Ind., 433; Iowa, 530; Kan., 249; Ky., 65; La., 1,742; Maine, 1,733; Md., 588; Mass., 9,638; Mich., 5,895; Minn., 1,627; Miss., 74; Mo., 489; Mont., 725; Neb., 304; Nev., 160; N. H., 1,008; N. J., 2,637; N. M., 644; N. Y., 27,384; N. C., 69; N. D., 510; Ohio, 1,755; Okla., 111; Ore., 962; Pa., 3,514; Philippine Isls., 27; Porto Rico, 327; R. I., 1,027; S. C., 50; S. D., 143; Tenn., 93; Tex., 12,288; Utah, 513; Vt., 1,001; Va., 1,554; Virgin Isls., 7; Wash., 3,652; W. Va., 292; Wis., 571; Wyo., 124; total, 110,618. IMMIGRANT ALIENS, BY CHIEF RACES African (black), 5,706; Armenian, 221; Bohemian and Moravian, 74; Bulgarian, Serbian, Montenegrin, 150; Chinese, 1,576; Croatian and Slovenian, 33; Cuban, 1,179; Dalmatian, Bosnian, Herzegovinian, 15; Dutch and Flemish, 2,200; East Indian, 61; English, 12,980; Finnish, 1,867; French, 6,840; German, 1,992; Greek, 2,602; Hebrew, 3,672; Irish, 4,657; Italian (north), 1,074; Italian (south), 5,234; Japanese, 10,168: Korean, 149; Lithuanian, 135; Magyar, 32; Mexican, 17,602; Pacific Islander, 17; Polish, 668; Portuguese, 2,319; Roumanian, 155; Russian, 1,513; Ruthenian (Russniak), 49; Scandinavian, 8,741; Scotch, 5,204; Slovak, 35; Spanish, 7,909; Spanish-American, 2,231; Syrian, 210; Turkish, 24; Welsh, 278; West Indian (except Cuban), 732; other peoples, 314; total, 110,618. DEBARRED, BY CHIEF CAUSES-Pauper, 2,810; unable to read (over sixteen years), 1,598; loathsome or dangerous contagious diseases, 469; contract laborers, 474; chronic alcoholism, 305; under sixteen years, unaccompanied, 205; Chinese, 261; stowaways, 161; criminals, 160; disorderly women, 161. DEBARRED, BY CHIEF RACES-African, 476; Chinese, 308; English, 859; French, 750; German, 257; Hebrew, 222; Irish, 390; Italian, 316; Japanese, 201; Mexican, 1,687; Polish, 183; Russian, 170; Scandinavian, 139; Scotch, 309; Spanish, 315. ADMISSIONS, BY PORTS. (Year ended June 30, 1918.) Admitted Admitted The Single Tax. IMMIGRATION 1820-60 BY COUNTRIES. 161 THE United States Census Bureau estimated in 1860 that 3,250,000 natives of Great Britain and Ireland had settled in the United States since 1814, of whom 55,000 came between 1815 and 1819. From -1776 to 1820 the total immigration is now estimated at 250,000. Thousands, in former days, entered the United States by way of Canada, and so were not included in the custom-house returns. The official returns in 1860 were as follows: 1851 to 1851 to 1860. 247.125 || Mexico.. 3,078 748,740 10,660 38.331 41,397 6,319 43 297,578 297,578 15 Tot. Unit. Kingdom 81,827 283.191 1,047,763 1,338,093 19 5 186 12.149 43,887 THE following is from a statement of the single tax principle, by Henry George. We assert as our fundamental principle the self-evident truth enunciated in the Declaration of American Independence, that all men are created equal and are endowed by their Creator with certain Inalienable rights. We hold that all men are equally entitled to the use and enjoyment of what God " has created and of what is gained by the general growth and improvement of the community of which they are a part. Therefore, no one should be permitted to hold natural opportunities without a fair return to all for any special privilege thus accorded to him, and that value which the growth and improvement of the community attaches to land should be taken for the use of the community; that each is entitled to all that his labor produces; therefore, no tax should be levied on the products of labor. To carry out these principles, we are in favor of raising all public revenues for national, State, county, and municipal purposes by a single tax upon land values, irrespective of improvements. In assessments under the single tax all values created by Individual use or improvement would be excluded, and the only value taken into consideration would be the value attaching to the bare land by reason of neighborhood, etc., to be determined by impartial periodical assessments. Thus the farmer would have no more taxes to pay than the speculator who held a similar plece of land idle, and the man who on a city lot erected a valuable building would be taxed no more than the man who held a similar lot vacant. The single tax in short would call upon men to contribute to the public revenues not In proportion to what they produce or accumulate, but in proportion to the value of the natural opportunities they hold. It would compel them to pay just as much for holding land idle as for putting it to its fullest use. The single tax, therefore, would 1st. Take the weight of taxation off the agricultural districts, where land has little or no value, Irrespective of Improvements, and put it on towns and cities, where bare land rises to a value of millions of dollars per acre. 2d. Dispense with a multiplicity of taxes and a horde of tax-gatherers, simplify government, and greatly reduce its cost. 3d. Do away with the fraud, corruption, and gross inequality inseparable from our present methods of taxation, which allow the rich to escape while they grind the poor. Land cannot be hid or carried off, and its value can be ascertained with greater ease and certainty than any other. 4th. Give us with all the world as perfect freedom of trade as now exists between the States of the Union, thus enabling our people to share through free exchanges in all the advantages which nature has given to other countries, or which the pecullar skill of other peoples has enabled them to attain. It would destroy the trusts, monopolles, and corruptions which are the outgrowths of the tariff. It would do away with the fines and penalties now levied on any one who Improves a farm, erects a house, bullds a machine, or in any way adds to the general stock of wealth. It would leave every one free to apply labor or expend capital in production or exchange without fine or restriction. 5th. It would, on the other hand, by taking for public use that value which attaches to land by reason of the growth and improvement of the community, make the holding of land unprofitable to the mere owner and profitable only to the user. It would thus make it impossible for speculators and monopolists to hold natural opportunities unused or only half used, and would throw open to labor the_illimitable field of employment which the earth offers to man. It would thus solve the labor problem, do away with involuntary poverty, raise wages in all occupations to the full earnings of labor, make overproduction Impossible until all human wants are satisfied, render labor-saving inventions a blessing to all, and cause such an enormous production and such an equitable distribution of wealth as would give to all comfort, lelsure, and participation in the advantages of an advancing civilization, in securing to each individual equal right to the use of the earth. It is also a proper function of society to maintain and control all public ways for the transportation of percons and property, and the transmission of Intelligence; and also to maintain and control all public ways in elties for furnishing water, gas, and all other things that necessarily require use of common ways. |