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Production of Alcoholic Beverages in the U. S.-1896-1917. 237

WHAT AMERICANS DRINK.

SOURCE-The production of domestic wines has been estimated by the Department of Agriculture. by J. W. Schopp of Bonfortis Wine and Spirit Circular (Inc.), New York, and others. The production of domestic spirituous and malt liquors has been derived from the reports of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue. The table does not include for any year withdrawals of distilled spirits for scientific purposes and for use of the United States, or since 1906 withdrawals for denaturation, free of tax. For 1916 these amounts were 2,745,790 and 84,532,253 tax gallons, respectively.]

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Foreign

Spirits.

Proof Gals.

5,065,390

6,064,393

1,405,510

1,643,416

73,521,253 1,530,376

88,960,330 1,348,097

67,743,431 1,541,504

69,653,106 2,230,711

915,985

1,306.218 84,739,631 1,387,593 22,835.587

1,705,468

1,941,189

104,140,707 2,182,230 44,743,815 5,020.105

113,715,776 2,439,106

1,637,331 116,794,496 2,655,560

116,544,802 2,729.826

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1,781,643 122,961,612 3,108,328 39,847,044 6,638,179

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1,993,688 134,308,693 3,782,055

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1,670,031 119,951,185 3,758,098 44,421,269 7,700,377

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1,850,700 114,913,702 4,365,634

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2,204,184 126,593,951 4,340,549

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2,434,045 132,315,123 3,836,821

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2,449,331 133,502,079 3,544,921

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140,521,880 4121.981

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136,521,805 4,220,670 44,973,643 7,444,787

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2,952,448 27,255,690 5,656,219
3,721,138 42,229,206 5,357,939

3,059,588 137,640,495 | 5,082,881

Consumption per capita in gallons: Distilled spirits (1850) 2.24; (1900) 1.28; (1917) 1.60. Wines, (1850) 0.27; (1900) 0.39; (1917) 0.41. Malt liquors (1850) 1.58; (1900) 16.09; (1917) 17.94. Total for all kinds (1850) 4.08; (1900) 17.76; (1917) 19.95.

According to Section 3,249, United States Revised Statutes, "proof spirits shall be held to be that alcoholic liquor which contains one-half its volume of alcohol of a specific gravity of 0.7939 at 60° Fahrenhelt." The official gallon prescribed is one containing 231 cubic inches, or 58,372.2 grains, equal tο 8.3309 pounds of distilled water at its maximum density, weighed in air of temperature of 62° Fahrenheit and barometric pressure of 30 inches. The taxable gallon differs from the proof gallon by reason of the fact that in computing taxable gallons under Section 3,251, Revised Statutes, all fractional parts of a gallon less than one-tenth are excluded.

PRODUCTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES IN THE U. S.-1896-1918.

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238

Garden Planting Map for Eastern United States.

GARDEN PLANTING MAP FOR EASTERN UNITED STATES. (By the United States Department of Agriculture.)

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The dates given for planting in the seven zones into which the eastern part of the United States ha been divided are considered to be the best for planting. Earlier and later plantings often can be made, however, with fair chances of success.

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* For the crops grown. f Season too short for this group. Group 1 (may be planted two weeks before

last killing frost).--Early cabbage plants from hot bed or seed box, radishes, collards. onion sets, catty smooth peas, kale, carly potatoes, turnips, and mustard. Group 2 (may be planted about the date of the last killing frost) - Beets, parsnips, carrots, lettuce, salstiy, spinach, wrinkled peas, cauliflower plants, celery seed, onion seed, parsley, sweet corn, and Chinese cabbage, Group 3 (should be planted two weeks after last killing frost-Snap beans, okra, and tomato plants. Group 4 (cannot be planted until ground is well warmed up, about a month after last hard frosts) - Lima beans, pepper plents, eggplant, cucumbers, melons, squash, and sweet potatoes.

Because of the greatly varying altitudes in the Western States this portion of the country cronot be divided into dennite zones. The best planting dates can be indicated only by the average date of the last killing frost in each section, as is done on the accompanying map. Planting of the vegetable groups given below should be governed by the frost dates indicated. dicated, Group 1 (may be planted two weeks before last killing frost)-Early cabbage plants from hot bed or seed box, radishes, collards, onion sets, early smooth peas, kale, early potatoes, turnips, and mustard. Group 2 (may be planted about the date of the last killing frost)-Beets, parsnips, carrots, lettuce, salsify, spinach, wrinkled peas, cauliflower plants, celery seed, onion seed, parsley, sweet corn, and Chinese cabbage. Group 3 (should be planted two weeks after last killing frost)-Snap beans, okra, and tomato plants. Group 4 (cannot be planted until ground is well warmed up, about a month after last hard frosts) - Lima beans, pepper plants, eggplant, cucumbers, melons, squash, and sweet potatoes.

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Baptist Young People's Union of America.

239

EARLIEST SAFE DATES FOR PLANTING IN THE OPEN, IN THE

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The dates given on this sheet are general averages. The nearest station of the United States Weather Bureau will be glad to give more specific information regarding the frost-free date in any particular community.

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

May 15-June 1

WHEAT HARVEST SEASONS OF THE WORLD.
(Compiled by the Chicago Board of Trade.)

January-Australia, New Zealand and Chili.

February and March-East India, Upper Egypt.
April-Lower Egypt, Syria, Cyprus, Persia, Asia
Minor, India, Mexico and Cuba.
May-Algeria, Central Asia, China, Japan, Morocco,
Texas and Florida.

June-Turkey, Greece, Italy, Spain, Portugal, South
of France, California, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia, Carolinas, Tennessee, Virginia,
Kentucky, Kansas, Arkansas, Utah, Missouri.
July-Roumania, Bulgaria, Austria-Hungary, South
of Russia, Germany, Switzerland, France, South
of England, Oregon, Nebraska, Minnesota, Wis-
consin, Colorado, Washington, Iowa, Illinois,
Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, New York, New England
and Upper Canada.

August-Belgium, Holland, Great Britain, Denmark,
Poland, Lower Canada, Columbia, Manitoba,
North and South Dakota.

September and October-Scotland, Sweden, Norway
and North of Russia.
November-Peru, South Africa and Argentina.
December--Burmah and Argentina.

CORN HARVEST TIME.

January-New South Wales.
March and April-Argentina.

September and October-All European countries. October-The crop of the United States is harvested principally in this month.

BAPTIST YOUNG PEOPLE'S UNION OF AMERICA.

HEADQUARTERS, 125 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago. President-Dr. John Wellington Hoag, Detroit. First Vice-President-W. F. Reynolds, Brockville, Ontario. Second Vice-Presider Ice-President-M. M. MeGorrill, Portland, Me. Third Vice-President-J. S. Newell. St. Louis. Recording Secretary-J. C. Dance, Fairmont. W. Va. General Secretary-James Asa White. Chicago. Treasurer-O. O. Montague, Chicago.

240

Garden Planting Map for Western United States.

GARDEN PLANTING MAP FOR WESTERN UNITED STATES. (By the United States Department of Agriculture. Based on average dates of last killing frost in spring.)

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TOBACCO HINTS BY GOVERNMENT EXPERTS.

With respect to date of planting tobacco seed beds, April 1 is about right for New England, while the normal season extends through March and April in the Middle States and in the Central or Western States, while in the Southern States seed beds are planted in Florida in January and early February, seldom later than March 1 in South Carolina and continuing on through March in North Carolina. As regards fertilizing tobacco crops in New England as much as 20 tons of manure per acre is not unusual, but commercial fertilizers are of much more importanco than manure in this section. In the Middle States manure is frequently more important than commercial fertilizer. In the Southern States manure is seldom used, except in Florida, whereas commercial fertilizers are very important, the average application being about 800 pounds per acre. If the time required for maturity is reckoned as beginning at the time of sowing the seed the period for New England is too short, the actual time being approximately 12 to 18 weeks. In the Southern States the minimum time for maturity is too high, the correct minimum being approximately 12 weeks. As regards tobacco varieties, those grown in New England are Broadleaf, Connecticut Havana and Cuban; in the Middle States the varieties are Seedleaf, Maryland and Oronoco; in the Southern States, Oronoco and Cuban. To the list given for the Central and Western States should be added Seedleaf.

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(1) The standard varieties of seed planted in the several sections of the United States are as follows: Corn-New England, leaming, sanford, flint: Middle States, leaming, white dent, yellow dent; Central and Western States, leaming, sanford, fiint, white dent: Southern States, hickory king, gourd-seed, Cox prolific. Wheat-Middle States, fultz; Central and Wetsern States, fultz, poole, fife: Southern States, fulcaster. Oats-New England, Clydesdale and Welcome, Middle States, white, black; Central and Western States, Sixty-day, Swedish Select and Silver mine: Southern States, Red rustproof. Barley-New England and Middle States, Manchuria and Oderbrucker; Western States, coast; Southern States, Tennessee Winter. Rye-New England, white: Middle States, white, Winter; Central and Western States, Winter; Southern States, excelsior Winter. Buckwheat-Middle States, silver hull; Central and Western States, silver hull. Potatoes-New England, green mountain, carmen 3, rose; Middle States, rose, carmen 3, rural 2; Central and Western States, hebron, rural, early rose, early Ohio. Tobacco-Central and Western States, yellow prior, Spanish, white burley. Hay, clover-Middle States, medium red. Sweet Potatoes-Middle States, yellow Jersey: Southern States, yellow Jersey. Cotton-Southern States, Texas stormproof. Spring wheat is to some extent grown in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and many other States. It matures in eighteen to twenty weeks.

(2) In Texas the black loam is a good soil for cotton, corn, wheat and most other field crops.

10 tons......

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STATES.

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2 to 7 lbs.

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