CANALS. Chief Canals in the United States. CHIEF CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES. Albemarle and Chesapeake. Augusta.. Beaufort.. 502,078 20 10 3.581.954 35 Location. Norfolk, Va.. to Albemarle Sound, N. C. $17 Connects Lake Erie and Niagara River at Buffalo. Connects Buzzards Bay and Barnstable Bay. Bet. Apalachicola River & St. Andrews Bay, Fla. Miss. Riv. at New Orleans, La., to Bayou Black. Albany, N. Y., to Buffalo, N. Y. Winyaw Bay, S. C., to Santee River. Mayport, Fla., to Miami, Fla. Oyster Bay, Tex., to Brazos River, Tex. Chicago, Ill., to La Salle, Ill. 4 3,000.000 344 22 255,000 32 5 12,000,000 8-13 25-30 4,044,000 450,000 32 5 Alligator River to Lake Mattamuskeet, N. C. Connects Hudson River and Long Island Sound. 6,339,098 96 5 Illinois River to Miss. River, near Rock 1.. .. 2,800,000 22 Connects Chesapeake Bay with Albemarle Sound. 5,716,686 216 9 At Falls of Ohio River, Louisville, Ky. Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co. Miami.. Morris.. Muscle Shoals and Elk R. Shoals N. J. Coastal Inland Waterway Oblo... Oswego Pennsylvania. Portage Lake and Lake Superior Sabine-Neches.. Salem. Hyde County, N. C. Cincinnati, Ohlo, to Toledo, Ohio, Lake Okeechocee to Miami, Fla. Jersey City, N. J., to Phillipsburg, N. J. Big Muscle Shoals, to Elk River Shoals, Tenn. Cape May to Bay Head, N. J. Cleveland, Ohio, to Dresden, Ohio. Oswego, N. Y., to Syrac se, N. Y. Columbia, Northumberland, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. Port Arthur, Tex., to Gulf of Mexico. Port Arthur Canal to mouth Sabine River, Tex. Waldo, Fla., to Melrose, Fla. Connects Lakes Superior and Huron at St. Mary's River. Mill Creek, Pa., to Philadelphia, Pa. Ft. Lauderdale to Lake Okeechobee, Fla. Between Green Bay and Lake Michigan. Canal through delta at mouth of St. Clair River. Connects Lakes Superior and Huron at Sault Ste Marle, Mich. Connects Lakes Superior and Huron. Lake Okeechobee, Lake Worth, West Palm Beach. CANALS IN CANADA. SOME FOREIGN CANALS. 318 Distances from N. Y., N. O. and San Francisco to Other Cities. N.O. DISTANCES FROM NEW ORLEANS, SAN FRANCISCO, AND PORT TOWNSEND TO PRINCIPAL PORTS AND CITIES. (Water routes in nautical miles; land routes in statute miles.) Distances from N. Y., N. O. & San Fran. to Other Cities-Cont. 319 New San Port Or- |Fran-|To'nleans cisco. send. PORT AND ROUTE. New San Port 6.451 6,591 6,530 7.305 Singapore-Continued. 6,895 Yokohama and Panama .... | 13,104] 12,503| 7.366||Sitka, Alaska.. San Francisco. 1,302 731 9,439 10,214) Port Townsend 5,122 6,509 Tehuantepec 8,321 8,327 Panama. 9.160 9,935 Magellan Strait Tehuantepec-western end of railroad.. 2,1891 2,964 Eastern end of railroad. San Francisco Valparaiso .. San Francisco Tehuanteper. Panama.. 8,339 9,114|Vladivostok. Magellan Strait 4,706) 4,357 San Francisco Port Townsend New Orleans. 7,823 7,829 S. Francisco & Teh'ntepec Wellington, New Zealand. Tehuantepec.. 4 1,182 4,957 Panama.. 4,315 5,120 12,199 12,974 San Francisco New Orleans. Tehuantepec. Panama.. Magellan Strait. San Francisco. Tehuantepec. Panama.. Petrograd-Direct. New York .. Tehuantepec Panama... Magellan Strait. San Francisco Port Townsend Tehuantepec Panama Suez. Cape of Good Hope. Singapore. San Francisco. • 7,502) 7,206) Port Townsend. S. Francisco & Teh'ntepec 8.986 7,762 Singapore and Suez Distances given are in a majority of cases by water. Distance by Panama Canal from Colon to Panama, 47 miles. Distance from Coatzacoalcos (Tehuantepec), (eastern end of railroad) to Salina Crus (western end of railroad), 190 miles. DISTANCES BETWEEN CITIES OF THE UNITED STATES BY LAND. The distances given between cities of the United States are computed by the Government, and are measured by land. In some instances the distances by water routes, or by land and water routes combined, are shorter than those which are entirely by land. 2,591 Tacoma, Wash. 2,587 Toledo, Ohio 2,202 Washington, D. C. 320 Normal Blood-Pressure. MAIL DISTANCES AND APPROXIMATE TIME TO FOREIGN CITIES FROM NEW YORK, THE war cut off direct railroad communication across Central Europe and greatly lengthened many important mail, passenger and freight routes. Statute Miles. Days. 27 8 Honolulu, ria San Francisco. 5.645 12 7 8 London. 7 5,655 11 Madrid, via London. 5,870 14 Manila, via San Francisco 4.925 11,583 31 12,265 3,750 2.355 6 9 32 27 5 8 Bahia, Brazil. Bangkok, Siam, siz San Francisco.. Batavia, Java, via London. Cape Town, via London Constantinople, via London. Florence, via London.. Glasgow.. 8,015 24 11,120 24 11,245 25 5,810 11 Melbourne, via San Francisco Paris.. Petrograd, via London. Rotterdam, via London. Shanghai, rio San Francisco 4.800 9 3,370 8 7 D Halifax, N. S. (rail). 967 Hamburg, direct. 4,820 9 Hamburg, via London Havana. Yokohama, via San Francisco DISTANCES BETWEEN EUROPEAN CITIES. PARIS 489 287 MADRID 908 1397 1195 LISBON 415 1323 1812) 1610 ANTWERP 1530 1119 473270 412 1804 1495 657 948 746 848 646 989 787 849 1182 980 582 970 768 907 1397 1195 HAMBURG BERLIN 178 BERNE 611 678 TURIN 297 837 839 719 1506 1073 VIENNA 720 535 427 605 727 2157 1668 MUNICH 266 470 295 401 579 522 1897 1477 ROME 647 840 414 639 1048 1180 1033 1746 1223 TRIESTE 510 487 370 391 533 898 1066 1009 1828 1416 863 1352 1150 WARSAW 806 12761 702 436 1156 1021 398 576 895 2593 1925 1067 1557 1135 CONSTANTINOPLE| 1205| 1725 2128 1564 1298] 2018| 1883 1699| 1903 2025 3315 2718 1899| 2232| 2030 ODESSA 363 842 1330 1800] 1226] 960 1680 15-15 1240 1418 1737 3117 2625 1760) 2119) 1917 MOSCOW 950 1339 811 1617 2087 1513) 1247 1967 1832 1209 1387 1706 3414 2901) 1843) 2117 1915 PETROGRAD 406] 1356 1733 693 1769 2239 1395 399 2119 1714 1091 1269 1588 3286 2874) 1699) 1976) 1774 685 580 836 1510 2408 1082 1171 1731 1084 1110 1337 1176 993 2384 1972 1219] 1491| 1289 STOCKHOLM 430 671 668 1067 1318 6971 1047 8851 270 208 620 2012 1600 812 1181] 979 COPENHAGEN 416 846 1252 1510 1510 VELOCITY OF SOUND. IN undisturbed air, at a temperature of 32° Fahrenheit, the velocity of sound is approximately 1,090 feet a second. The velocity increases about one foot a second for each degree as the temperature rises. This amounts, approximately, as follows: Explosions cannot be distinSound in water travels 4,708 feet a second; in wood it goes at least 10,000 feet a second; in metals, at least 4,000 feet a second. Wind reduces the velocity of sound much more than fog or rain does. guished separately when but 1-16 second apart. NORMAL BLOOD-PRESSURE. FAUGHT Suggests that the normal average systolic pressure for a male at the age of twenty be considered 120 mm, and that for every additional two years of life one millimetre be added. Taking the figures thus obtained, a variation of 17 mm. above and below the average may be regarded as permissible. Fisher gives the following table of average systolic pressures for the different age periods and allows a variation of about 12 mm. to each direction: VESSELS BUILT IN THE SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES. (SOURCE-Reports of the Commissioner of Navigation. The term "gross ton" expresses in units of 100 cuble feet the entire cubical capacity of the vessel, including spaces occupied by the crew, engines, boilers, and coal bunkers.) On Entire Manchester Ship Canal Traffic for 1917. STATISTICS OF THE AMERICAN MERCHANT MARINE. (Also Sault Ste. Marie Canal Trame. From the Statistical Abstract of United States.) 321 YEAR 1938. 1837. 1883 11889 1890. 1891. On Miss. River On Great Lakes. Total. 1896 No. Gross tns. No. Gross ins. No. \Gross ins. No. Gross tns. 102,544 95 15,771 117 108,782 1897. 103,504 98 11.792 1898 112,879 300,038 125 1901. 1902 1903 1,094 291,516 311 169,085 169.085 1.580 483,489 168,873 1.491 468,831 187 1905 119 159,433 1,184 378,542 165 244,291 1.157. 471,332 1909. 866 131,748 100,402 1.247 238,090 190,612 202 1913 1914 1915 1916 95 27,131 1,022 247.318 234 90,907 1.475 346.155 133 16,467 1.157 225.122 44,6911 937 325,413 MANCHESTER SHIP CANAL TRAFFIC FOR 1917. DURING the year ended December 31, 1917, the weight of sea-borne traffic on the Manchester Ship Canal, on which tolls were paid, amounted to 3,843,324 tons (ton=2,240 pounds), a decrease of 696.843 The total tons, compared with 1916, due to restrictions on imports and exports owing to war conditions. receipts from ship canal tolls, ships' dues, and miscellaneous receipts received during the year 1917 amounted to $4,194,903, an increase compared with the previous year of $147,513. |