name (b) whilst Athens itself lies low, with a southern aspect;, as appears by the necessity of a southern wind to waft a vessel from Sunium into the Piræus (c). To this cause the mildness of the winter there must be attributed. But the summer-heats in Corinth, as the city is embosomed in the sea, are mitigated by pleasant breezes, which are almost constantly blow ing there from every quarter of the sky: and the mountain, on which the citadel is builded, with an inclination towards Lechæum (d) and the North, throws it's shadow on the city. Nor could Ecbatana and Babylon contend with the beauty of these Gracian cities, or the Persian palaces with the more commodious structures of the gymnasium at Corinth (e), the temple (f) and the portico at Athens. In magnitude they were superiour, though the circumference of Athens, including the Piræus and the intervening walls, equals two hundred stadia, and was once completely stocked with inhabitants; which amounts to half the size of Babylon, even if the vast dimensions of that city may be eredited. With respect to the beauty of the harbours, the statues and paintings, the gold and silver and brass, the coin, the utensils and furniture of the houses, the abundant superiority of the Græcian cities was incontestable: for his part, however, he minded these things but little.

The distance of these cities made a long journey for Diogenes on his removals; so that he past a considerable portion of his summers and his winters on the road: otherwise, after lodging at the half-way in Megara, on the next day he could easily reach Athens, through Eleusis, if he chose, or through Salamis, by a shorter road, but more dreary stages: so that, on the whole, he enjoyed greater advantages and a truer luxury, than the Persian monarch, from the superiour accommodations of his residence! With such a vein of pleasantry was this subject treated by our philosopher.

It was his practice, however, to convict the mistaken sentiments of those people, who regarded with admiration the riches and reputed happiness of the Persian emperour; by shewing, that part of his enjoyments were frivolous, and part within the reach of the poorest man alive and, with respect to himself, that he was by no means negligent, as some simpletons supposed, of his bodily comforts and condition; who fancied forsooth, because he was exposed to the open air, to cold, and thirst, that he had no concern about his health and life; whereas, with all these hardships, he enjoyed better health and lived more comfortably, than those, who were constantly cramming themselves with victuals, staid perpetually in the

house, and could not endure the least exposure to cold and heat. A more pleasurable perception of warmth resulted from his discipline, a keener relish for his food, and more delight in the genial seasons of the year. Hence he was regaled, on the approach of summer, by the mild relaxation of the atmosphere; and saw it's departure without regret, as a deliverance from excessive heat. By accompanying the seasons also in their revolution, and by a gradual experiment of their operation, the transition to their several excesses was attended by no sensations of uneasiness. To fire, or shade, or shelter, he seldom had recourse, because he anticipated their uses by antecedent discipline: not as the generality of men, because they abound in fuel and in cloaths, and have houses for their dwellings, run instantly from the air, and incapacitate their bodies from supporting the severity of winter: and in consequence of enjoying a roomy house in summer, with as much wine as they choose to drink, pass through life unexposed to the sun, and unacquainted with the genuine thirst of nature. By an abstinence from all bodily labour and occupation, they contract a delicacy truly feminine, whilst their souls are overladen with surfeiting and somnolence: and to rectify these inconveniences, they devise the additional expedients of baths and pernicious viands (g). In the

course of a single day, they want cool ventilation and warm cloathing, stove and fire: and, what is the most absurd extravagance of all, they covet both thirst and hunger (h). From a most intemperate licentiousness, they anticipate the spontaneous impulse of natural inclination, and seek out unamiable and disgusting sensualities.

But Diogenes uniformly suffered hunger and thirst to precede his meal, and esteemed them as the most suitable and pungent sauce. Hence he regaled with keener relish on simple flour, than others on the most costly bread; and found a sweeter taste in running water, than others in the luscious wines of Thasus. He laught heartily at those, who past by a spring, when they were thirsty, and enquired where they could buy at any rate some Lesbian or Chian wine (i) and used to say, that such men were much more senseless than the beasts, who never went by a fountain or pure rivulet, when they were thirsty, nor, when hungry, abstained from the tenderest leaves and herbage fitted to assuage their appetite. their appetite. As for his dwelling, he found the most elegant and wholesome houses in every city set open to him, the temples and the schools for gymnastic exercises: and one garment was sufficient for him both in summer and in winter, as he had accustomed

himself to endure all the changes of the weather. His feet he never covered; not perceiving more delicacy in them than in the eyes and face. But these parts, though the tenderest by nature, supported the cold without any difficulty, because they were constantly exposed, from an impossibility in men of walking with bandages about their eyes, as about their feet.

He compared rich men to new-born infants, always in want of swaddling cloaths (k) and was accustomed in a variety of ways to ridicule fantastical and senseless people for their enormous prodigality in the purchase of unprofitable and frivolous indulgences, whilst real enjoyments were attainable at no expence, and accessible to all. But he lavisht the most unsparing contemptuous ridicule on the sophists, for affecting a most solemn gravity, and arrogating a character for wisdom superiour to the rest of men.

It was also a common saying with him, that men from their effeminacy led a more wretched life than even the brute creation; which, by taking water for their drink, vegetables for their food; by continuing, for the greater part of the year, naked, unsheltered, and without the use of fire; lived out the allotted term of