2. Describe and criticise the "Speer method."

3. Discuss the place of algebraic methods and conceptions, and of geometry in the elementary school.

PRINCIPALS, DECEMBER, 1898.

468. Describe in outline the conduct of a reading lesson in the third or the seventh year of the elementary school, giving reasons for each exercise, and indicating practicable correlations with other subjects.

469. "When the same reading lesson is given to forty children, and each one knows that all the others know it, the social element is effectively eliminated. When each one has something individual to express, the social stimulus is an effective motive to acquisition."-John Dewey. Explain this statement, and suggest means of providing the "effective motive" in question.

470. (a) What consideration would guide you in the selection of subjects for composition? (b) Describe method of correcting compositions in the seventh year of school, and state its advantages and disadvantages.

471. (a) What aims should the teacher seek to attain in the teaching of penmanship? (b) Briefly describe your method of achieving these ends. (c) Describe a good method of conducting a recitation in spelling (covering manner of spelling, correction, criticism). What are the advantages of the methods you describe?

472. What is the purpose for which you would require pupils (in the highest grade in the elementary school) to make outlines in history? What material

would you lead pupils to put into such an outline? What directions would you give pupils to aid them in making outlines?

473. At what stage in the course in arithmetic may the study of percentage be profitably begun? How may the subject of percentage and its applications be abridged or simplified?

474. 1. Describe two methods of drill in addition.

2. A tank has two supply pipes, one of which will fill it in four hours, the other in five hours. It also has a drain pipe which will empty it in six hours. If all these pipes are open, how long will it take to fill the tank?

Show how pupils may be led to solve this problem both by arithmetic and by algebra. State under what circumstances you would use each method.

475. State, with reasons, the chief uses of the study of grammar. Tell how you would apply grammatical analysis in the teaching of other subjects.

476. (a) What is the "topical method" of teaching geography, and what are its advantages? (b) State the order in which you would arrange the topics for the study of South America. Give reasons. (c) What devices and aids would you use in this connection?

477. Give in outline a plan for a lesson or series of lessons on the principle, "air has weight." Indicate the materials, apparatus and experiments to be employed.

PRINCIPALS.

478. Describe and give in a series of steps a good phonetic method in teaching reading, with reasons for

the features presented. Criticise the reading matter in an elementary book and mention the book.

479. Give two exercises in composition involving the imitation of a model in the third and seventh school years. Give the aim and the dangers of each exercise.

480. Give means to be brought out by a principal in a conference on instruction in the meaning and use of words.

481. Distinguish measuring and counting. Show how the four fundamental operations may be derived from them. Give the theory involved in each.

482. Mention five topics in arithmetic which may be taught without explanation of the reason.

vice you would use in each case.

Give the de

483. How are notions of area and measurement developed? Show how the areas of six plane figures may be developed from the first, and explain how to find the area of each.

484. In history, show the advantages, use, scope, abuse and illustration of the following: story telling, textstudy, maps, pictures and graphic charts.

485. In the teaching of latitude and longitude, give the points to be covered in the order of their develop ment, the means and devices to be used, and the applica tions to other subjects.

PRINCIPALS, 1896.

CITY OF BROOKLYN.

486. What distinct objects should the teacher have in mind in teaching reading during the first two years in school?

What methods would you recommend to effect each object?

Give reasons for each statement.

487. Outline a scheme for language work below the sixth year in school.

488. Outline a scheme for the "critical reading" of a piece of literature. Quote some poetry and indicate the questions you would ask in order to lead to the proper understanding of it by pupils.

489. Outline a scheme for the writing and correction of compositions during the last two years of the grammar-school course, and state precisely the objects you would have in view.

490. Outline a scheme of number work for the first year in school, giving reasons for each step. A scheme for teaching percentage.

How would you teach objectively the addition of 11⁄2 and 1/3?

491. State the objects of teaching grammar, quoting authorities. What limits would you place on parsing and analysis? On correction of false syntax? Give reasons for your answers.

492. Present several methods by which pupils may be examined in studying the reading matter in a textbook in geography. In studying the pictures.

493. What is the purpose of modeling, in form study and drawing? Of paper-cutting? Of construction drawing? Indicate several ways in which drawing may be coordinated with other subjects and the purposes which it may be made to serve.

494. Sketch the method by which you would have history taught in the last year of the grammar school. What use would you make of supplementary reading in history during the earlier school years?

495. What are the purposes that should be kept in view of the teacher in "nature study?" What rules would you lay down for selection of subject matter in "nature study?" What directions would you give as to the presentation of facts in an object lesson? What plan would you recommend a teacher to follow in preparing notes for an object lesson? Draw up notes for a model lesson in "nature study."

PRINCIPALS, 1895.

CITY OF BROOKLYN.

496. "For the communication of truth, education has at its command scarcely any other means than those which the scientist employs for the discovery of truth." Explain fully and illustrate.

497. Describe the means by which you would have children reach the meanings of new words.

498. Describe the most approved methods in giving lessons in history, and give your estimate, with reasons, of the worth of each method.

499. How should map-making be employed in the teaching of geography? Describe fully the method by which you would have children taught to draw maps.

500. Outline the work you would have children do in reading during their first year in the primary school, and sketch the methods you would employ.