"When afterwards released on bail of £5000, and allowed to return to his residence at Norwich, he was 'harassed there, sequestered and abused in the vilest manner.' His estate, his rents, even his arrears of rent, his furniture, his very clothing and his palace, were all savagely wrested from him, or taken possession of by the rude agents of the Parliament. It does not appear that any one of the episcopal bench underwent more unsparing privation than Bishop Hall. He was reduced to what was but little better than beggary; and however an ordinance of Parliament was made for granting him an annual allowance, yet it was so frequently intercepted by those through whose hands it had to pass, that it never fairly reached his, and he was reduced to the necessity of being content with what they chose to give him. At length he was induced to make some public exposure of the iniquitous treatment which had been dealt out to him. This exposure appeared in a small publication of his which he called the Hard Measure.' He was too straightforward and upright in all he said and did to allow himself to make statements even against his enemies, which might partake of exaggeration or untruth, and therefore we may judge that what he says in the following passage deserves implicit credit. 'They were not ashamed, after they had taken away and sold all my goods and personal estate, to come to me for assessments and monthly payments for that estate which they had taken; and took distresses from me upon my most just denial, and vehemently required me to find the wonted alms of my predecessors, when they had left me nothing.'

ووو

Nor did the inferior Clergy escape. Passing by Barwick and Peterson, we come to

:

PETER HEYLIN, D.D.

"Dr. Heylin was a conspicuous person in these very troublous times conspicuous as a zealous assertor of the rights and privileges of the Church, and as an irreconcileable enemy to the Dissenters 'a severe and vigorous opposer of rebels and schismatics,' as Wood expresses it. The sufferings, therefore, of such a person as Dr. Heylin, under the persecutions of Puritanism, could not be expected to be very light. Being one of those who took a leading part against that teeth-gnashing enemy of the Church, William Prynne, Heylin became immediately a marked man for the vengeance of the factious Parliament. At first, and by reason of his own ingenuity, he escaped their intended inflictions, and retired to his living Alresford, where he remained quiet till the Rebellion actually broke out. But the eye of Puritanical rancour was still upon him, and so vigilantly was he watched and pursued, that he was at length obliged to fly for personal safety to the King

at Oxford. Here indeed his person might be safe for a short season, but his property, rights, and privileges, were not in such secure custody. The Parliament voted him delinquent, and sequestered his prebend, his livings, his temporal property, with all his goods and chattels. Even his library was all seized and sold, and he was left in a state of utter destitution, and dependent on the benevolence of his friends. In this condition he became for many years a wanderer and a beggar from the house of one loyalist to that of another, frequently escaping in his progresses by mere accident. After several removes of this kind, he reached the house of a relative at a place called Minster Lovell, in Oxfordshire. Here he remained in seclusion for a considerable time, his loyal spirit, and his orthodox sentiments being still unabated; whilst he gave frequent effect to both in the publication of many and very able writings in defence of the Church and the Crown."

Not the least interesting is the case of

HENRY ROBINSON, B.D., VICAR OF LEEDS.

"Here we have another instance of deliberate defection from the ranks of Puritanism, arising from unqualified disgust at the seditious, rebellious, schismatical principles which he soon perceived to be mixed up with all their designs and doings. There were confessedly many irregularities and neglects, chargeable perhaps on the administrators and governors of Church matters, which stood much in need of reformation. It was no impeachment of a man's Church-faithfulness, or his Church-affections, that he should show an active desire and zeal in accomplishing such an object, and it is well known that many were induced at first to associate themselves with the Puritans, from believing that that party had no other purpose in view but the good of the Reformed and Protestant Church.

"Mr. Robinson, then Vicar of Leeds, seems to have been of this class. So long as the Puritans or the Parliament pursued measures of honest wholesome reformation in the Church, he goes along with them. But as soon as he finds them pursuing a contrary course, and furiously bent on demolition, instead of steadily and soberly reforming abuses, he quits them. He therefore becomes another of those selected men who were marked out for peculiar severity of treatment. The town of Leeds falls into the hands of the Parliament's soldiers, and the Vicar is obliged to fly for his life. His living is placed under immediate sequestration, and he, having now no settled abode, flies for refuge to where the King's garrison and forces lay. Sometimes he found a home among those loyal and worthy gentlemen who still remained quiet in the county, still true to their Church and their

King, and whose houses very often afforded an asylum to the persecuted and ejected Clergy.

"The Vicar of Leeds, however, was much too important and dangerous an enemy to the Puritanical excesses now so prevalent in the nation, to be suffered to remain long or quietly in seclusion, if he could but be anywhere discovered. Great searches were made for him, till at length he was apprehended and committed to prison. An incident occurred there which, whilst he became thereby a great bodily sufferer, contributed much to establish the honourable reputation of his name. While in prison, an accident befel him which broke his arm. His wife, hoping this might tend to soften the hearts of his persecutors, represented the case to the men then in power. But her suit was rejected, and she was told (the honest truth, no doubt) that her husband was a learned and godly man, and of a blameless life, and therefore his example was a great hindrance to the cause of the Parliament's views and purposes.'

"So intense and ever-wakeful was the zeal with which the Parliament pursued their destructive and malicious measures against the Church, that it seems to have worked in the minds of the faction altogether, a complete perversion of both intellect and feeling. Wherever there was honest and ardent loyalty to be found-wherever there was any Christian grace of character, or any Church affections, producing sound piety and dutiful obedience-there these Puritanical zealots and rulers could see nothing but enemies, suspected characters, or troublesome opponents. What was in reality good, they took for evil-what was light, they took for darkness-what was sweet, they took for bitter; so that, for a time, those that were most estimable in character, and sound in doctrine, were held in open and insolent subjection to those who were the destroyers and perverters of all. The laity, as well as the Clergy, the fairer as well as the rougher sex, if they still retained their loyal principles and their Church attachments, found neither mercy nor courtesy at the hands of the hot and rebellious spoilers of the day. It is related, in a short account which Walker has given us of Mr. Robinson's sufferings, that two amiable Christian ladies, and unshaken loyalists, had been rudely held up to public suspicion and scandal, by the very chairman himself of the quarter-sessions, for giving benevolent succour to distressed and destitute clergymen, the Vicar of Leeds being one of them. This courteous chairman's unbecoming conduct reached the ears of these ladies, who with much ingenuity and spirit retorted it upon him at an accidental private interview. He was not prepared for such a rebuke, and was put by it to an awkward confusion. The ladies pressed their expostulations so far as to say, 'Is this fair play, Mr. Chairman, to thrust poor clergymen out of their

house and harbour, and then by your learned speeches to set a mark upon them as vagabonds?" "

Here we conclude our extracts from this work. Mr. Wyatt has well executed the task he undertook. His work is full of most graphic sketches, and we know no volume of equal size from which such a knowledge of the period in question may be gained. It should certainly have a place in every parochial library, and we shall be glad to know that we have been the means of introducing it to the notice of any not previously acquainted with it. It is most appropriately dedicated to Dr. Hook, who for a quarter of a century has laboured for the good of the Church of England, and to whose teaching few are more indebted than ourselves.

W. B. F.

GATHERINGS FROM NATURAL HISTORY.

AN ALLIGATOR'S NEST.

SOON after we arrived at the spot which we had marked in the morning, where an alligator had made her nest, and, sans cérémonie, proceeded to rifle it of its riches. The nest was a pile of leaves and rubbish, nearly three feet in height, and about four in diameter, resembling a cock of hay. We could not imagine how or where the animal had collected such a heap, but so it was; and deep down, very near the surface of the ground, from an even bed, came forth egg after egg, until forty-five had tolerably filled our basket. We kept a good look-out that the old one did not surprise us in our burglary, having read divers authentic tales of the watchful assiduity of the mother. But nothing appeared to alarm us, and we concluded that, like others of the lizard family, alligators are merely anxious to make their nests and trust to the fermenting heat and to Providence for hatching and providing for their brood of monsters. These eggs are four inches in length, and oblong; being covered with a crust rather than a shell. They are eaten, and our friends at the house would have persuaded us to test the virtues of an alligator omelette, but we respectfully declined, deeming our reputations sufficiently secured by a breakfast on the beast itself.-A Voyage up the River Amazon.

ANTS IN SOUTH AMERICA.

The lower classes of the animal kingdom are here exceedingly numerous and hostile, and this is particularly the case with the insects. You are annoyed and persecuted with them in everything you do, and are daily obliged to exert your ingenuity to discover means of encountering them, but are too often obliged to acknowledge, with vexation, that the acuteness of the human

understanding is no match for the instinct of these little animals. After some observation, I was confounded at the great number of the species of the ant for instance: for there is no part of the level country of Maynas where the ants are so numerous as in the Lower Andes; and even the north of Brazil, though filled with them, is a paradise in this respect, when compared with the mountains of Cuchero. From the size of an inch to half a line in length, of all colours between yellow and black, infinitely differing in their activity, places of abode and manners, the ants of this country alone would engage the whole attention of an active entomologist for years together. Merely in the huts we distinguish without any difficulty seven different species, as the most troublesome inmates-animals that are seldom met with in the forest far from the abodes of men, but, on the contrary, indefatigably pursue and accompany him in his works, like certain equally mischievous plants, which suddenly appear in a newly planted field in the midst of the wilderness, and hinder the cultivation, though they had never been seen there before. How many species there may be in the forest, is a question which any one who has visited a tropical country will not be bold enough to answer. If I state here that, after a very careful enumeration, six and twenty species of ants are found in the woods about Pampayaoo, I will by no means affirm that this number is complete. Every group of plants has particular species, and many trees are even the exclusive abode of a kind that does not occur anywhere else. With the exception of a very few kinds, a superficial observation makes us acquainted with the ants merely as mischievous and troublesome animals; for, if on a longer residence, and daily wandering in the forests, we perceive that these countless animals are, in many respects, of service; still it is doubtful whether the advantage is not more than counterbalanced by the mischief which they do. One of the indubitably very useful kinds, and which does not attack man unless provoked, is the Peruvian wandering ant, called in the language of the Incas guagna-miague; a name which is commonly and very justly translated, "which makes the eyes water;" for if their bite gives pain for a few minutes only, he who imprudently meddles with them is bitten by so many at once that he finds it no joke. It is not known where this courageous insect lives, for it comes in endless swarms from the wilderness, where it again vanishes. It is generally seen only in the rainy season, and it can scarcely be guessed in what direction it will come; but it is not unwelcome, because it does no injury to the plantations, and destroys innumerable pernicious insects of other kinds, and even amphibious animals and small quadrupeds. The broad columns go forward disregarding every obstacle; the millions march close together in a swarm that takes hours in passing; while, on both sides, the warriors, distinguished by their size and colour, move busily backward and forward, ready