The Sanitary Drainage of Houses and TownsHoughton, Osgood, 1876 - 366 Seiten |
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accumulation adopted ammonia amount apparatus arrangement bottom brick carried cellar cement cent cess-pool charcoal cholera cleansing closet condition connected construction contents cost Croydon cubic feet danger decomposition deposits diphtheria discharge disease district drainage earth-closet effect emptied engineer entirely escape excrement excreta experience fæcal fæces Figure filth flow flushing foul gases house drains hundred impurities inch per hour irrigation kitchen land less Liernur liquid locomobile man-hole manure means midden moisture Moule's nearly necessary offensive ordinary organic matter outlet pail Phosphoric acid pipe sewers pneumatic poisonous population poudrette practical prevent privy produce public sewers quantity rain fell rain-fall removal reservoir says secure sewage sewer gas sewerage slops soil pipe square foot storms street reservoirs sub-irrigating sufficient supply surface tank tion town tumbler typhoid fever urine vault ventilation village waste water trap water-closet whole
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Seite 316 - With some structural alterations in the privies (the principles of which are stated in their proper place in this report) and such needed supervision as will now be obtained from the sanitary authority appointed under the Public Health Act, 1872, the arrangements at Eastwick may be regarded as a pattern to be followed by villages and small towns similarly circumstanced. " From what has already been said it may be inferred that the
Seite 200 - No privy-vaults can be connected with the sewers except through an intervening catch-basin, and the discharge pipe of the vault must be high enough above its bottom to effectually prevent anything but the liquid contents of the vault from passing into the drain. 9. The inside of every drain, after it is laid, must be left smooth and perfectly clean throughout its entire length. 10. In case it shall be necessary to connect a drain pipe with a public sewer, where no junction is left in such...
Seite 149 - The absorbing powers of charcoal are so great that some have doubted whether it is really a disinfectant. This opinion has probably arisen from imperfect views of its modus operandi, since it not only imbibes and destroys all offensive emanations, and oxidizes many of the products of decomposition, but there is scarcely a reasonable ground of doubt remaining that it does really possess the property of a true disinfectant, acting by destroying those lethal compounds upon which infection depends.
Seite 346 - AVhether the cold-air box shall be made of wood or metal is a question to be decided according to the circumstances of each case.
Seite 74 - ... see the cellar afloat at some old home in the country ? You creep part way down the cellar stairs with only the light of a single tallow-candle, and behold by its dim glimmer an expanse of dark water, boundless as the sea. On its surface in dire confusion float barrels and boxes, butter-firkins and washtubs, boards, planks, hoops and staves without number, interspersed with apples, turnips and cabbages, while half-drowned rats and mice scrambling up the stairway for dear life drive you affrighted...
Seite 25 - ... in regard of Filth, that agents which destroy its stink may yet leave all its main powers of disease-production undiminished. Whether the ferments of disease, if they could be isolated in sufficient quantity, would prove themselves in any degree odorous, is a point on which no guess need be hazarded ; but it is certain that in doses in which they can fatally infect the human body they are infinitely out of reach of even the most cultivated sense of smell, and that this sense (though its positive...
Seite 27 - is more certain than the general meaning of high diarrhoeal death-rates. The mucous membrane of the intestinal canal is the excreting surface to which nature directs all the accidental putridities which enter us. Whether they have been breathed, or drunk, or eaten, or sucked up into the blood from the surface of foul sores, or directly injected into blood-vessels by the physiological experimenter, there it is that they settle and act. As wine ' gets into the head ' so these agents get into the bowels.
Seite 198 - Applications for permits to connect with any sewer which has been constructed, or which is in process of construction, by a Committee appointed by the Board of Aldermen, must be made in •writing to the Water Commissioners by the owners of the property to be drained, or by their duly authorized attorneys, and must be accompanied by a clear description of the premises to be drained, and of the drains required, and also by certain agreements, all as provided in the printed form of application issued...
Seite 99 - For producing malaria it appears to be requisite that there should be a surface capable of absorbing moisture, and that this surface should be flooded or soaked with water and then dried; the higher the temperature and the quicker the drying process, the more plentiful and the more virulent the poison that is evolved.
Seite 201 - In no case will drain-pipes be allowed to rest on wood or other perishable material. 12. The back-filling over drains, after they are laid, must be puddled, and, together with the replacing of ballast and paving, must be done within forty-eight hours after the completion of that part of the drain lying within the public way, and done so as to make them at least as good as they were before they were disturbed, and to the satisfaction of the Commissioners and their Engineer ; and the owner will be...