above all others, yields the Sweeteft Smell in the Air, is the Violet, fpecially the White double Violet, which comes twice a Year, about the middle of April, and about Bartholomew-tide. Next to that is the Musk Rofe; then the StrawberryLeaves dying, with a moft excellent Cordial Smell; then the Flower of the Vines; it is a little duft, like the duft of a Bent, which grows upon the Clufter in the first coming forth; then Sweet Briar; then Wallflowers which are very delightful to be fet under a Parlour or lower Chamber Window; then Pinks, specially the Matted Pink, and Clove Gilliflower; then the Flowers of the Lime-Tree; then the Honeyfuckles, so they be fomewhat afar off. Of Bean Flowers I speak not, because they are Field Flowers. But thofe which Perfume the Air moft delightfully, not passed by as the rest, but being Trodden upon and crushed, are three ;t hat is Burnet, Wild Thyme, and Water-Mints. Therefore, you are to set whole Alleys of them, to have the Pleasure, when you walk or tread.

For Gardens (fpeaking of those, which are indeed prince-like, as we have done of Buildings), the Contents ought not well to be under Thirty Acres of Ground, and to be divided into three Parts; a Green in the Entrance, a Heath or Desert in the Going forth, and the Main Garden in the midst befides Alleys on both Sides. And I like well that Four Acres of Ground be affigned to the Green;

;

7 Ed. 1625 which; Ed. 1629 with. The Latin has " qua balitum emittunt plane cardiacum."

Six to the Heath, Four and Four to either Side, and Twelve to the Main Garden. The Green hath two pleasures; the one, because nothing is more pleasant to the Eye than green Grass kept finely fhorn; the other, because it will give you a fair Alley in the midft; by which you may go in front upon a stately Hedge, which is to enclose the Garden. But because the Alley will be long, and in great Heat of the Year, or Day, you ought not to buy the shade in the Garden, by going in the Sun through the Green; therefore you are of either Side the Green to Plant a Covered Alley, upon Carpenter's Work, about Twelve Foot in Height, by which you may go in Shade, into the Garden. As for the making of Knots, or Figures, with divers coloured Earths, that they may lie under the Windows of the House on that Side which the Garden stands, they be but Toys: you may see as good Sights many times in Tarts. The Garden is beft to be Square; encompaffed on all the Four Sides with a Stately Arched Hedge the Arches to be upon Pillars of Carpenter's Work, of fome Ten Foot high, and Six Foot broad; and the Spaces between of the fame Dimension with the Breadth of the Arch. Over the Arches let there be an entire Hedge of fome Four Foot High, framed also upon Carpenter's Work; and upon the upper Hedge, over every Arch, a little Turret, with a Belly enough to receive a Cage of Birds; and over every Space between the Arches fome other little Figure, with broad Plates of round coloured Glafs, gilt, for the Sun to Play upon. But this Hedge I intend to be raised

upon a Bank, not steep, but gently flope, of fome Six Foot, fet all with Flowers. Also I understand, that this Square of the Garden should not be the whole Breadth of the Ground, but to leave on either Side Ground enough for diverfity of Side Alleys; unto which the Two covered Alleys of the Green may deliver you; but there must be no Alleys with Hedges at either End of this great Enclosure: not at the hither End, for letting your Prospect upon this fair Hedge from the Green; nor at the further End, for letting your Prospect from the Hedge through the Arches upon the Heath.

For the ordering of the Ground within the Great Hedge, I leave it to Variety of Device; advising, nevertheless, that whatsoever form you caft it into first it be not too busy, or full of Work: wherein I, for my part, do not like Images cut out in Juniper or other Garden stuff; they be for Children. Little low Hedges round like Welts, 9 with fome pretty Pyramids, I like well; and in fome Places, fair Columns upon Frames of Carpenter's Work. I would alfo have the Alleys fpacious and fair. You may have clofer Alleys upon the fide Grounds, but none in the main Garden. I wish alfo, in the very middle, a fair Mount, with three Afcents and Alleys, enough for Four to walk abreast; which I would have to be perfect Circles, without any Bulwarks or Emboffments; and the whole Mount to be Thirty Foot high, and some fine Banquetting

8

Letting, i. e. impeding or bindering.

9 Welts are protuberant feams in which a cord is included to give them a round projection.

N

Houfe, with fome Chimneys neatly caft, and without too much Glass.

For Fountains, they are a great Beauty and Refreshment; but Pools mar all, and make the Garden unwholefome, and full of Flies and Frogs. Fountains I intend to be of two Natures: the One that sprinkleth or spouteth Water; the other a fair Receipt of Water, of some Thirty or Forty Foot Square, but without Fish, or Slime, or Mud. For the firft, the Ornaments of Images, gilt or of Marble, which are in ufe, do well: but the main Matter is fo to convey the Water, as it never Stay, either in the Bowls or in the Ciftern; that the Water be never by Reft difcoloured, green or red, or the like, or gather any Moffinefs or Putrefaction: befides that, it is to be cleanfed every day by the Hand also fome Steps up to it, and fome fine Pavement about it doth well. As for the other kind of Fountain, which we may call a Bathing Pool, it may admit much Curiofity and Beauty, wherewith we will not trouble ourselves: as, that the Bottom be finely paved, and with Images: the fides likewife; and withal embellished with coloured Glafs, and fuch things of luftre; encompaffed alfo with fine Rails of low Statuas. But the main Point is the fame which we mentioned in the former kind of Fountain; which is, that the Water be in Perpetual Motion, fed by a Water higher than the Pool, and delivered into it by fair Spouts, and then discharged away under Ground, by fome equality of Bores, that it stay little. And for fine Devices, of arching water without Spilling, and

making it rise in several Forms (of Feathers, Drinking Glaffes, Canopies, and the like), they be pretty things to look on, but nothing to Health and Sweetness.

For the Heath, which was the Third Part of our Plot, I wish it to be framed as much as may be to a natural Wildness. Trees I would have none in it, but some Thickets made only of Sweet-briar and Honey-fuckle, and some Wild Vine amongst ; and the Ground fet with Violets, Strawberries, and Primrofes; for these are sweet, and prosper in the Shade: and these to be in the Heath here and there, not in any Order. I like also little Heaps, in the Nature of Molehills (fuch as are in Wild Heaths), to be fet, some with Wild Thyme, fome with Pinks, fome with Germander, that gives a good Flower to the Eye; fome with Periwinkle, fome with Violets, fome with Strawberries, fome with Cowflips, fome with Daifies, fome with red Rofes, fome with Lilium Convallium, fome with Sweet-Williams red, fome with Bearsfoot, and the like low Flowers, being withal sweet and fightly. Part of which Heaps to be with Standards of little Bushes pricked upon their top, and Part without. The Standards to be Rofes, Juniper, Holly, Barberries (but here and there, because of the Smell of their Bloffom), Red Currants, Goofe-berries, Rosemary, Bays, Sweet-briar, and fuch like: but these Standards to be kept with Cutting, that they grow not out of Course.

For the Side Grounds, you are to fill them with Variety of Alleys, Private, to give a full Shade;