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new Royal Exchange, was built mainly at the charge of Thomas Pike, Sheriff of London, in 1410, whose ancestor, Nicolas Pike, was sheriff in 1332. Can any of your readers, having access to the corporation records, state of what City company they were freemen, and from what county they came? ARCHITECT.

English Clay Pipes.-Searching through the back volumes of "N. & Q." for information upon early English clay pipes, I find MR. W. J. B. SMITH'S communication (1st S. ix. 546.) to have proved the induction of a host of others, not upon the articles to which he called attention, but to the practice of smoking. As, however, I believe your valuable periodical circulates among many who have collected the utensils themselves, I wish to inquire whether nothing more has been elicited relative to the Hunt family? no less than three members of which would appear to have been among our earliest national pipe-makers. Their names, although apparently most frequent upon pipes in the south-west of England, are occasionally found in far-distant places, and the occurrence of such in Ireland seems to point to their importation into that country nearly three centuries ago. Any of your readers furnishing me with a list of pipepotters' names (or initials, where such only occur) upon pipes met with in their localities, or in public collections, will be welcome to my own in return. H. ECROYD SMITH.

Belle Vue, Claughton, Birkenhead.

Armorial Query.—I have a small silver escutcheon on the top of an old box, which, if correctly engraved, stands thus: Argent, a chevron g. between 3 fleurs-de-lys (2 and 1) of the second. Crest. A griffin passant. Motto. "Dieu mon port." I cannot find the coat amongst the list of those containing fleurs-de-lys in " N. & Q." I should be very glad to know to whom it belongs.

C. W. BINGHAM.

Minor Queries with Answers. Deptford.-On Sept. 26, 1670: "Captain Pierce, late Capt. of His Majesty's ship the Saphire, together with his Lieutenant, were, according to the Sentence of the Court Marshal, executed on board the Dragon, near Deptford." - London Gazette, No. 508. What was the offence?

ALFRED JOHN DUNKIN. [The "Saphire" was unfortunately lost on 31 Mar. 1670, on the coast of Sicily, through the default and cowardice of Capt. John Pierce and his lieutenant Andrew Logan, who, upon the approach of four sail, supposed to be Turkish men-of-war, ordered the ship to run from them, contrary to the persuasion of the master and purser, who wished them to fight. The court-martial was held on board the "Bezan," on Sept. 16, 1670: Sir Jeremiah Smith was president of the court.-London Gazette, No. 505.]

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[Henry Francis Lyte was born at Kelso on June 1, 1793, and entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1812, where obtained the curacy of Taghinon in Ireland; but subsehe obtained a scholarship. In 1815 he took orders, and quently removed to the more genial clime of South Devon, where he held for a year or two the curacy of Charlton, near Kingsbridge, which eventually led him to take charge of the new church at Lower Brixham. His biographer informs us, that "during the hours spent in his extensive library, the formation of which had been for years his favourite recreation, he had made a large acquaintance with the writings of the Fathers, and the earlier divines of the Anglican Church; having, by his wide bibliographical research, enriched his stores with most of the best editions of the Fathers, and also accumuNonjurors, for whose quaint, severe, yet simple style, he lated a rare and valuable collection of the works of the possessed a peculiar relish, and had, at one time, partially prepared for publication a new edition of their writings, with a history of their chief men and their times." Mr. Lyte died at Nice on the 20th Nov. 1847, and a simple marks the last earthly resting-place of this amiable and marble cross in the English cemetery at that place fitly gifted man. In 1833 Mr. Lyte published a volume of Poems, chiefly Religious, 8vo. His Remains consist of a Prefatory Memoir, Poems, Early Poems, and Sermons. His extensive library was sold by Southgate and Barrett in July, 1849.]

Cawood's New Testament.—I shall feel obliged by a short collation of the New Testament titleprinted by J. Cawood. page of the 1569, 4to. Bible, Cranmer's edition, J. S. M.

[I have two editions of Cranmer's Bible printed by J. Cawood, small pot 4to., 1569. One ends on folio 132. The ende of the newe Testament, with a large woodcut on the reverse the other on the same folio, but numbered in error 128. The ende of the new Testamente within a border, with the same woodcut on the reverse,

followed by two leaves of table on the reverse of the second leaf, "Imprinted at London in Powles Churchyarde by Jhon Cawood, Printer to the Quenes Maiestie," within a border. The title-page to the New Testament is exactly the same in each, and somewhat difficult to describe. It is in a square tablet, sitting on which there is a young angel on the left with a trumpet, and on the right another reading. In the centre, "The newe Testament in English, tran-slated after the Greeke, - conteyning these bookes." The list of books in blackletter in columns, excepting lines three and four. Under the list 1569; reverse blank.-G. OFFOR.]

Monograph.-This is a new term, frequently used now, but not to be found in Johnson's Dictionary; though that contains monogram, explained as a cipher. By the context of the passages in which it occurs, monograph would seem to mean a treatise on a single subject. Is that the true definition of the word? STYLITES.

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as, a monograph of violets in botany; a monograph of an Egyptian mummy."]

"The Rood of Northen."- An explanation of these words, which I find in Froude's History of England (vol. ii. p. 44.), would much oblige

W. W. The volume of Miscellanies, shortly to be published by the Camden Society, contains a London Chronicie, edited by Mr. C. Hopper, in which this rood is twice mentioned. The original MS. has the reading Northor," but a later hand has written above the text Northdor." This explanation agrees with the context of the passage! in Froude's History: "Opposite the platform, over the north door of the cathedral St. Paul's, was a great crucifix — a famous image, in those days called the Rood, of Northen; and at the foot of it, inside a rail, a fire was burning, with the sinful books, the Tracts and Testaments, ranged round it in baskets, waiting for the execution of sentence.”1

Replies.

CARLETON'S MEMOIES.

(24 S. vi. 392.)

Your correspondent 8 states that he is desirous of knowing whether the original edition of these Memoirs, published in 1728, bore on its titlepage the name of the author?

That title-page varies from later ones. The Earl of Peterborough is not named in it. The book is entitled, The Military Memoirs of Capt. George Carleton from the Dutch War, 1672, in which he served, to the concinsion of the Peace at Utrecht, 1713,” &c. &c.

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Bishop of Salisbury's Registry, and find that it occurred on December 14th, 1715. Now if George Carleton was engaged in martial affairs until 1713, we can scarcely suppose that he could have taken holy orders, and have been instituted to a living, in the very short period of two years.

Several years ago, when seeking to ascertain how far this work was genuine, and whether Capt. Carleton or Defoe was the author-the Memoirs having been attributed by many to the latter* -I was glad to find that so judicious a writer as the present Lord Stanhope, who kindly corresponded with me very fully on the subject, concurred in thinking that if Defoe had any share in the work, it was simply in the arrangement of Carleton's papers.

Its authenticity, both as respects the author himself and the transactions which he records, appear unquestionable. Lord Stanhope, in his History of the War of the Succession in Spain, speaks of Capt. G. Carleton as one of the officers in Lord Peterborough's expedition, and he adds:

"Carleton has left us a plain soldier-like narrative of what he saw and heard; the most valuable, perhaps, because the most undoubtedly faithful and important of all our materials for this war."-P. 133.†

Lord Stanhope observed that the internal evidence of authenticity is extremely strong in these Memoirs; it could scarcely be conceived how much this impression was strengthened by comparing them with MSS. in his possession.

Lord Stanhope found the following document amongst the papers of his ancestor General Stan

The title-page at length will be found in Wil- hope, which confirms the identity of Carleton, and son's Memoirs of De Foe, vol. iii. p. 589.

This edition is scarce, and some years ago a copy of it was not to be found in the British Museum. It will be seen that Carleton's name, does not exactly appear as the author, nor has the title, as in those of the later editions, the words" written by himself" appended to it.

B is disposed to think that the author of the Memoirs and the Rev. Lancelot Carleton, A.M., sometime Rector of Padworth in Berkshire, were one and the same person. The difference in the Christian names would go far to prove the contrary; but there appears to be other evidence

that the soldier and the divine were distinct individuals.

The registers at Padworth have been obligingly searched, at my request, by the present Rector, for any information that would throw light on his predecessor Lancelot Carleton. He states, what, alas! is too frequently the case, that they had been very negligently kept: two entries only connected with the name were found, viz., one of the burial of Lancelot Carleton, October 13th, 1730, and of a son Christopher on May 19th, 1726.

I have since obtained the date of Lancelot Carleton's institution to the rectory from the

his connexion with the war.

"A List of English Officers taken Prisoners at Denia, 1708.
Gen. Symors Regiment-Lieut. Ralph Kineson.
"Gen. Wills's Regiment.-Capt. Hugh Pallicer; Lieut.
Nadegett.

"Maj.-Gen. Holt's Regiment. - Lieut. Thos. Mecer.
Brigadier Burr's Regiment.-Lieut. Jam. Fade.
“Of the Traine of Artillery.-Capt. Carltone; Lieut.

Diller."

"Copied from the Original Paper

Nor. 20, 1832.”

This siege of Denia was so petty a one that it

Carleton's Memoirs were among the numberless fabri* "I believe it is now pretty generally believed that

cations of Defoe; but in this case, as in that of his Caralier, he no doubt had before him the rude journal of some officer who had really served in the campaigns described with such an inimitable air of truth."-Lockhart's Life of Sir Walter Scott, p. 172.

Lord Wilmington, speak the language of truth and sin+ Carleton's expressions, when dedicating his work to cerity. "I leave the World to judge of my deserts. These Memoirs are not set forth by any fictitions stories, nor embellished with rhetorical flourishes; plain truth is certainly most becoming the character of an old soldier."

Lord S. says that Carleton, on whose plain and honest Memoirs he had so often relied, was sent to San Clemente, in La Mancha, where he lived at large on his parole, during the remainder of the war.”—P. 259.

is not even alluded to by most historical writers of that time.

With respect to his descent, Carleton says, "An old soldier I may truly call myself, and my family allows me the title of a gentleman." In the preface to Sir Walter Scott's edition of the Memoirs, the author is stated to have been "born at Ewelme in Oxfordshire, descended from a noble and honourable family.” The registers both of that parish and of the neighbouring one of Swincombe were searched, at my request, by my late friend Dr. Bliss, but without success. Dr. Bliss communicated to me the following notes; which may direct searches in other quarters, and assist in ascertaining the paternity of Carleton. The registry of Brightwell, where Carleton may have been baptized, will be examined: :

"From some MS. church notes of Baldwin Brightwell, co. Oxon. in Bodley.

"Here resteth the Bodies of John Carleton, Esq., and Joyce his wife, which John was the first of the name, owner and lord of this towne, and came from Walton upon Thames in the countie of Surre. They had issue v Sonnes, as Anthony, 'George, William, John. John died unmarried at Bolonia de Gracia in Itali, and Edward; Daughters iiii Anne married to Rowland Lytton; Katherine to Fraunces Blunte Esqre brother to Lord Montjoy.

Mabell, and Jane married to Erasmus Gainsford, Esq.

"Among Dr. Rawlinson's MSS. in the Bodleian is a life of Mrs. Mary Carleton by Samuel Crisp. The aforesaid Mary was daughter of Dr. Crisp and Mary Wilson. In 1647 she married Mr. John Carleton, a merchant adventurer, with whom she lived upwards of 23 years, bearing to him 17 children. She died Jan. 29, 1670."

The Catalogue of De Foe's writings given by Mr. Walter Wilson, though not regarded by him as complete, contains not less than 210 different works. We leave to De Foe, what he justly merits, undying fame-the undisputed authorship of perhaps the most popular book in our language; and we claim for the gallant officer the rightful ownership of the faithful narrative of his professional life of which he has been too often deprived. J. H. MARKLAND.

Your correspondent B has not carried his researches on the subject of the Carletons quite far enough. Allow me to suggest to him that if he could refer to the Biographical Dictionaries of Chalmers, Gorton, or Watkins, he would learn something more about Sir Dudley Carleton. B's Will-o'th Wisp has dazzled, if not blinded him, but you ought not to allow him to strike out of English history so prominent a Secretary of State as Viscount Dorchester.

TYNDALE'S FIRST OCTAVO TESTAMENT.

(2nd S. vi. 175. 502.)

C.

Having justly complained of the inaccuracies in Mr. Anderson's Annals of the Bible, MR.

GоTCH, as if two wrongs could make a right, finds fault with Mr. Bagster's edition of Tyndale's New Testament; and finds it " by no means a pleasant task," because " the reprint of this unique volume was edited by MR. OFFOR himself in 1836," and "that it abounds in inaccuracies." His assertion that I edited the reprint is incorrect. This unique volume was entirely reprinted when I first saw it. Mr. Bagster requested me to write a short memoir of the translator to prefix to the book, which I did con amore, and for that alone I am answerable. The first three paragraphs of the Advertisement were written by me, the last two by Mr. Bagster; and it being a mixed production, it was not signed. Had Mr. B. added a note stating that, to render the volume more generally useful, all evident misprints were corrected; that all words contracted were reprinted at full length, and that capitals were used in surnames, no fault could have been found with it. Mr. Bagster states on the title-page that it is "reprinted verbatim," and he appears to have been fully justified in that statement. Had he put into my hands the text to edit, it should have been as accurate a facsimile as the art of printing could have produced, and as an antiquary, but not a general reader, could have de

sired.

With regard to the almost incredible number of 261 errors in Mr. Anderson's attempt to reprint literally forty-six lines from Tyndale and Coverdale, MR. GOTCH does not deny the fact, but says, "that Mr. Anderson's inaccuracies relate

principally to the spelling of words, and do not affect his argument." Surely MR. GOTCH cannot have examined these extracts. The argument is to prove the superiority of Tyndale over Coverdale as a translator of Holy Writ. In doing this Mr. Anderson alters Coverdale's version by changing forty-eight words into Italics; but not one is so changed in Tyndale. He omits three words in Tyndale and three also in Coverdale. He changes four words in Tyndale, one being from "stond" to "continue," as if to create a difference where none existed. These are not merely inaccuracies in spelling, but serious alterations. They are sins of omission and of commission.

stall charged Tyndale with about the same numIt is a singular coincidence that Bishop Tunber of heresies in his first edition of the New Testament as MR. GOTCH charges the editor of the first reprint with errata. Tyndale replied, that if an lacked a little over his head it was counted for an heresy. And Mr. Bagster might complain that surely the correction of typographical errors should not be counted as errata. You instance fol. cxxi. as containing five errors; these are, that "laye" is correctly spelt "lawe,' "L ofte," "often," ""tho" corrected to "the," and

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had dealt with comets until his taste resembled that of the German who drank aquafortis because alcohol had ceased to tickle his palate.

After several attempts to succeed in finding an orbit to represent the observations, both Lexell and Pingré found that an orbit of 53 years would serve the purpose. It occasioned much surprise at the time that such a comet should never have been seen before: and it has never been seen since. But a very probable conjecture has been made on the cause of both circumstances.

← smale” to “small." The only error, if it can be called one, is the addition of a final "e" to “witnessyng.” Mr. Bagster informs me that he has not more than half-a-dozen left, and that bei does not intend to reprint it. Was it worth while to disturb the confidence of the public in so valuable a reprint upon such trumpery allegations? ME. GOTCH bears testimony, in which I heartily join, to the accuracy of Mr. Bagster's reprint of Coverdale's Bible; and after the test he has applied to his Tyndale's Testament, it may be esteemed, for all purposes of Biblical research, as! In May, 1767, the comet was 58 times nearer worthy of full dependance for verbal accuracy. to Jupiter than to the Sun: so that the eleBy the reproduction of these literary monuments of its orbit would undergo large alteraments, the world may form a correct estimate of tion from the action of Jupiter, and the comet the learning, the fearless piety, the peculiar may have been changed from one of long period adaptedness, of these two great British apostles to one of 5 years. The return of 1776 must neto introduce to their country “THE HOLŤ OBA-, cessarily have been invisible, from the position of CLES." Of the two, Tyndale was the boldest the earth. In August, 1779, the orbit of 54 years champion: he rose to the glory of martyrdom, continuing, the comet must have come 491 times and he justly bears the palm. All those who nearer to Jupiter than to the Sun; that is, so as knew Mr. Anderson knew a most upright man to be nearer to Jupiter than the fourth satellite. who was incapable of wilful error. He was in a Very possibly, then, the action of Jupiter may distressing state of ill health when he wrote The have restored the comet to one of long period. Annals. He was most probably indebted to friends This approach towards Jupiter is not an observed for copies of documents and extracts, which un- fact, but a necessary deduction from the observafortunately prove to have been very inaccurately ticns of 1770, supposing the orbit of that time to made. Nothing, however, can justify such whole- have continued unaltered. It should be added sale errors as abound throughout that work. that this same comet was, in July, 1770, not more GEORGE Offor. than seven times the moon's distance from the Hackney. earth: had its mass been anything but excessively small, both the earth's orbit and the moon's orbit would have shown appreciable changes. See Pingre's Cométographie, vol. ii pp. 85—90.; and Herschel's Outlines of Astronomy, $585. “Jupiter," says Sir John Herschel, seems by some strange fatality to be constantly in the way of comets, and to be a perpetual stumbling-block to them.” Accordingly, I add, they are just as much in the way of Jupiter, to whom they are certainly no stumbling-block at all. So far as any conjecture can be rationally formed from observed facts, the notion of a comet striking the earth resembles the notion of a thin cloud striking Mont Blanc. If the comet be what, from many appearances, and many results of gravitation, it may be reasonably taken to be, the thing to be feared is, that a large addition of Heaven knows what gas to the upper regions of the atmosphere might give some epidemic disorder. A. DE MORGAN.

I hasten to correct an error into which I have been unintentionally led, respecting MR. OFFOR'S connexion with the reprint of Tyndale. MR. OFFOR informs me that he was not the editor of the reprint, and did not see the text till it was finished; and that his part in the work was the Memoir of Tyndale which is prefixed. I cannot but wish that the title-page and the advertisement which follows it had been more explicit, since I suppose that every one who looks into the volume would have concluded, as I did, without the slightest hesitation, that the whole, was done at least under Ma. OFFOR's superviF. W. GOTCH.

sion.

Baptist College, Bristol

LEXELL'S COMET.

(2nd S. vi. 459.)

1

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A. A. is informed that Lexell's comet was twice The comet inquired after is that which was dis-entangled" amongst the satellites of Jupiter, covered, June 14, 1770, by Messier, and which, viz. between January and May, 1767, and befrom Lexell's calculations, is generally called tween June and October, 1779. He is referred “Lexell's Comet." "Cette comète," says Pingré, to The Comets, by J. R. Hind. 1852 (p. 89.), for "a eu cela de particulier, qu'elle a beaucoup a full account of this cometary romance. He may tourmenté ceux qui ont entrepris d'en calculer also consult The Comet of 1556, by the same auT'orbite:" as if such a proceeding were quite ex- thor, p. 32. C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. ceptional on the part of a comet. But Pingré

Birmingham

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