Bulletin of the United States Geological SurveyThe Survey., 1908 - Geology |
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30 MINUTES 35000 BOILER PRESSURE 50000 DRAWBAR PULL Aktiengesellschaft Altoona amount Average smoke binder Briquets boiler capacity BOILER PRESSURE REVOLUTIONS brown coals calorific value Cambria County cars cent binder centimes cinders and sparks coal and briquets coal briquets COAL POUNDS FEED coke contractor cylinder dynamometer EQUIVALENT EVAPORATION evaporative efficiency FEED WATER POUNDS fire box foot of heating Geological Survey Gewerkschaft der Zeche Gewerkschaft des Steinkohlen-Bergwerks Graphic log heating surface horsepower hour pounds HOURS FIG kilograms Laboratory symbol lignite loaded Louisiana Purchase Exposition manufacture of briquets MINUTE DRAWBAR PULL MINUTES AND HOURS natural coal Pennsylvania Railroad plotted against rate pound of dry POUNDS BOILER PRESSURE POUNDS FEED WATER POUNDS PER SQ raw coal Raw Lloydell coal REVOLUTIONS DRAWBAR PULL REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE Round briquets run-of-mine coal samples shipment SMOKE CHARTS Smoke density smoke-box specifications Square briquets square foot square,6 United States Geological volatile matter weight
Popular passages
Page 2 - BULLETIN 362. Mine sampling and chemical analyses of coals tested at the United States fuel-testing plant, Norfolk, Va., in 1907, by JS Burrows.
Page 33 - ... cinders and sparks; the calorific value of these, however, is not so high in the briquetted as in the natural fuel. (d) The density of the smoke with the briquetted coal is much less than with the natural coal.
Page 31 - The smoke-box gases show over 7 per cent of carbon monoxide and less than 1 per cent of oxygen, indicating very incomplete combustion. In fig. 14 the smoke density is plotted against boiler capacity, and average lines are drawn through points representing tests with raw coal and briquets with 8, 7, and 5 per cent of binder. As there are but two points representing tests with briquets having 7 per cent binder, and as their position seems to be contradicted by the position of the other points, no line...
Page 10 - The conclusion to be drawn from a rather careful inquiry among German users of briquets, chiefly in locomotive service, is to the effect that the process of briquetting gives a fuel which can be handled and stored with greater facility and with less loss than natural coals, which is of satisfactory thermal value, and the use of which conserves the country's resources. THE BRIQUET INDUSTRY IN BELGIUM AND FRANCE. In Belgium, and to a lesser degree in France, the bituminous-fuel briquet is of greater...
Page 33 - To observe the effect on briquets of exposure to the weather, a number of the round and square briquets were placed on the roof of the testing plant. After four months of exposure for the round and three months for the square briquets, no change whatever from their original condition was noticed. They appeared to be entirely impervious to moisture and were still firm and hard. The briquets were little affected by handling. They were loaded at St. Louis in open gondola cars and shipped to Altoona,...
Page 5 - Norfolk, machines for the manufacture of such briquets, and the output of these machines has been tested in locomotive service on several different railroads in comparison with natural fuels. An elaborate and carefully executed series of tests involving the use of natural coals and of briquets made from the same coal, previously crushed, has been carried out on a locomotive mounted at the testing plant of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Altoona, Pa. ; and some preliminary experiments involving...
Page 44 - In the following table are presented the results of comparative tests of run-of-mine New River coal and of briquets of the same fuel, made in December, 1907, on a locomotive in the regular passenger service of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad. These tests were conducted under the supervision of RE Smith, general superintendent of motive power of the railroad, in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. Sixteen complete test trips were run between Rocky Mount and Wilmington, NC, with...
Page 45 - The briquets ignited freely, made an intensely hot fire, and when the engine was working emitted veiy little smoke. It was found that a comparatively heavy fire could be carried without danger of clinkering. Few ashes were left in the fire box or ash pan, and the cinder deposit in the front end was small. The results do not show that any apparent improvement in evaporative efficiency was obtained by the use of briquets, as compared with that obtainable from the natural fuel.
Page 16 - Eng., vul. 2o, 1904, p. 827. laboratory and in some detail the locomotive with its supporting machinery and brakes. TEST CONDITIONS. In order to obtain results covering all practical rates of evaporation up to the limit of the boiler capacity, tests were made with each style of briquets and with the natural coal under the following conditions of running: First, a low evaporation test at 80 revolutions per minute and 15 per cent cut-off; then a higher evaporation test at 120 revolutions per minute...
Page 48 - The specifications employed by some foreign railroads that have long been heavy consumers of briquets describe the essential facts with reference to the composition and the physical and chemical qualities of such fuel. As examples of such specifications those used by the Prussian State Railroad, the Belgian State Railroad, and the State Railway of France are presented herewith. A fourth specification, that of the Paris-Orleans Railway, is added as an example of a French specification which is more...