The Germanic LanguagesCambridge University Press, 21.12.2006 Germanic - one of the largest sub-groups of the Indo-European language family - comprises 37 languages with an estimated 470 million speakers worldwide. This book presents a comparative linguistic survey of the full range of Germanic languages, both ancient and modern, including major world languages such as English and German (West Germanic), the Scandinavian (North Germanic) languages, and the extinct East Germanic languages. Unlike previous studies, it does not take a chronological or a language-by-language approach, organized instead around linguistic constructions and subsystems. Considering dialects alongside standard varieties, it provides a detailed account of topics such as case, word formation, sound systems, vowel length, syllable structure, the noun phrase, the verb phrase, the expression of tense and mood, and the syntax of the clause. Authoritative and comprehensive, this much-needed survey will be welcomed by scholars and students of the Germanic languages, as well as linguists across the many branches of the field. |
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Abschnitt 3 | 41 |
Abschnitt 4 | 67 |
Abschnitt 5 | 70 |
Abschnitt 6 | 133 |
Abschnitt 7 | 138 |
Abschnitt 8 | 145 |
Abschnitt 15 | 270 |
Abschnitt 16 | 283 |
Abschnitt 17 | 321 |
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Abschnitt 20 | 353 |
Abschnitt 21 | 367 |
Abschnitt 22 | 369 |
Abschnitt 9 | 152 |
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Abschnitt 11 | 172 |
Abschnitt 12 | 209 |
Abschnitt 13 | 246 |
Abschnitt 14 | 248 |
Abschnitt 23 | 379 |
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Abschnitt 27 | 408 |
Abschnitt 28 | 415 |
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adjectives adverbs affixes agreement alternations antecedent appears argument auxiliary Bandle C-relatives clausal negator clitic clusters co-occur complementizer consonant constituent contexts continental Scandinavian contrast dative definite article dialects discussion distinction early GMC element example expletive fact finite forms fricatives front gemination gender genitive GMC languages grammatical Haugen Hinchcliffe 1994 Holmes and Hinchcliffe infinitival infinitive inflectional Ingvaeonic lexical verb main clause marker modal modern GMC languages morphemes morphology negative neuter nominal nonfinite notes noun phrases object obstruents occur original OV languages paradigms participle passive periphrastic personal pronoun pied-piping plural polarity items position possible precede predicate preposition present perfect pronominal question referred reflexive relative clause relative construction relative pronoun relativization restricted Scandinavian languages Section semantic sentences sentential negation singular sonority stranding stress subjunctive subordinate clause suffix syllable syntactic syntax third person umlaut verbal Vikner voice vowel West Flemish West GMC languages