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IN
NORTH AMERICA;
WITH
Geological Observations
ON
THE UNITED STATES,
CANADA, AND NOVA SCOTIA.
BY
CHARLES LYELL, ESQ. F.R.S.
AUTHOR OF
THE PRINCIPLES OF GEOLOGY.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
Printed by A. SPOTTISWOODE, NEW-Street-Square.
CONTENTS
ΤΟ
THE SECOND VOLUME.
--
-
CHAPTER XIV.
Dr. Channing. Agitation in Rhode Island.-Armed Con-
vention. Sail through Amboy Straits. Journey to
Philadelphia and Baltimore.-Harper's Ferry.-Passage
over the Alleghanies by National Road.-Parallel Ridges.—
Absence of Drift.-Structure and Origin of Appalachians.—
Theory of Subsidence and Contraction of Subterranean
Fluid. - Kentucky Farmers. Emigrants. Cumberland
Coal Field.—Clay with Stigmaria.—Marine Shells in Coal
Measures near Frostburg.-Wide Geographical Distribution
of Fossil Coal Plants. - Page 1
CHAPTER XV.
Alleghany Mountains.- Union.-Horizontal Coal Formation.
-Brownsville on the Monongahela. — Facilities of working
Coal.-Navigable Rivers.-Great future Resources of the
Country.-Pittsburg. -Illinois Coal Field.-Fossil Indian
Corn.-Indian Mounds near Wheeling.—General Harrison
on their high Antiquity.-Dr. Morton on the aboriginal
Indians. Remarks on the Civilization of the Mexicans and
other Tribes.-Marietta.- Silicified Trees or Psarolites of
Ohio.- Coal of Pomeroy.- New Settlements.- Cincin-
nati
24
CHAPTER XVI.
Succession of Strata on the Ohio between Pomeroy and
Cincinnati.— Return up the Ohio to Rockville.— Waverley
Sandstone.-Cliff Limestone.-Denudation.-Blue Lime-
stone of Cincinnati. - Lower Silurian Fossils.-Limited
Proportion of Silurian Species common to Europe and
America. Great Development of Brachiopoda. — Deep
Sea Formations.- Rarity of Silurian Land Plants. Silu-
rian Fossil Fish
Page 45
CHAPTER XVII.
Alluvial Terraces at Cincinnati, and their Origin. — Bones of
the Elephant and Mastodon.-Excursion to the Swamps of
Big Bone Lick in Kentucky.- Noble Forest. Salt Springs.
Buffalo Trails.- Numerous Bones of extinct Animals.
Associated Freshwater and Land Shells. - Relative Age of
Northern Drift, and Deposits with Bones of Mastodon on the
Ohio
58
Cincinnati.
CHAPTER XVIII.
Journey across Ohio to Cleveland. - New
Clearings. Rapid Progress of the State since the Year 1800.
Increase of Population in the United States.- Political
Discussions.-German and Irish Settlers. Stump Oratory.
-Presidential Elections.-Relative Value of Labour and
Land
72
CHAPTER XIX.
Cleveland. - Ridges of Sand and Gravel along the Southern
Coast of Lake Erie. - Their Origin. - Fredonia; Streets
lighted with natural Gas.—Falls of Niagara. — Burning
Spring-Passing behind the Falls. — Daguerreotype of the
Falls.- Boulder Formation at Whirlpool, and Valley of
St. David's. Glacial polishing and Furrows. - Influence of
Icebergs on Drift
85