66 Having studied the sentiment of pride as a primitive mental quality, and its organ, in the human race, Dr. Gall wished to ascertain whether his observations would be confirmed by the lower animals. He therefore examined the heads of such of them as we are accustomed to call proud-the race-horse, the cock, and peacock. He did not find in any of these a remarkable development of the cerebral parts corresponding to the organ of Self-esteem in man; but he found a considerable development of these parts in animals in which he would never have thought of looking for it—that is to say, in those which voluntarily remain in the higher regions of the air, living on mountains, and other elevated situations; for example, in the roebuck, the chamois, the wild goat, and certain species of eagles and falcons; and what struck him most was, that the parts in question were the more developed in proportion to the greater height of the dwelling places of the animals. Dr. Gall himself was astonished at this observation. That a predilection for physical heights should, in animals, depend on the same organ as that to which the sentiment of self-esteem is referrible in man, appeared to him at first altogether improbable and inadmissible; yet,' says he, I have laid down the rule to communicate the progress of my observations, as well as the manner in which they have given rise to my opinions.' He accordingly enters into some interesting observations on the various dwelling places of animals, and states, that in the heads of all of them which have their abodes in high places, there is an eminence which entirely resembles the organ of Self-esteem in man." In confirmation of the above, it may be remarked, that a case is on record of a Monsieur B., in whom the organ was naturally very large, and who was accidentally wounded by a nail in this part of the brain. "While labouring under the influence of the wound, he felt himself, as it were, elevated above the clouds, and carried through the air, retaining at the same time, and also manifesting during his convalescence, the same proud and haughty manners which had distinguished him in health." I am, dear sir, Very faithfully yours, ARTICLE VII. PHRENOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF JOSEph cinquez, ALIAS GINQUA. MR. EDITOR, Inasmuch as the Africans, recently cast upon our shore, have created considerable excitement in various parts of the country, I have thought it might be interesting to present the public, through your Journal, with a brief sketch of the phrenological developments and character of their leader, viz. Joseph Cinquez or Ginqua. On the 5th of September, I visited New Haven, where the Africans were then confined, and made a critical examination of Cinquez's head. I also took in plaster of Paris an exact likeness of his head, which is now deposited in my cabinet, and may be examined by any person who will call at No. 135 Nassau street, New York. The following cut, taken from this cast, will perhaps convey to your readers à correct view of the outlines of Cinquez's head. His head is peculiar in shape, being long and high, but narrow. The base of his brain is inferior in size; consequently the lower animal propensities do not constitute the leading elements of his character. His temperament is very favourable to mental and physical exercise, being nervous bilious, with a fair portion of the san guine. He is rather tall and spare, but well-formed, and adapted for great physical and mental exertions. His appearance indicates a strong constitution, and great powers of endurance. He has very fine pliable hair, thin and soft skin, with strongly-marked nervous and locomotive powers. His head measures most in the region of those faculties giving a love of liberty, independence, determination, ambition, regard for his country, and for what he thinks is sacred and right; also, good practical talents and powers of observation, shrewdness, tact, and management, joined with an uncommon degree of moral courage and pride of character. Amativeness, Adhesiveness, Co.nbativeness, Destructiveness, Alimentiveness, and Acquisitiveness, are only fairly developed, and would have but a common or ordinary influence in the formation of his character. The organs of Self-esteem and Firmness are very large, and would form leading traits in his character. I should not infer that he was naturally cruel, malicious, or even selfish, except in relation to his liberty and his rights. But while he is not revengeful or ill-natured, he has too much pride and love of self to become subject to the will of others. He could not be trifled with, with impunity; his indignation is extreme, and he would not easily give up the object of his pursuit. His thoughts and feelings are protracted and connected, owing to his large Concentrativeness and Firmness. Inhabitiveness is large, and would render him much attached to home and country; his domestic organs being only fairly developed, he would not be particularly warm-hearted, social, and fond of friends or company had much rather have influence and power than friends, and, at times, might be tyrannical and dictatorial, yet withal, has much humanity, kindness, and sympathy, for the happiness of others. His intellect is generally well-balanced, and better developed than most persons' belonging to his race. Still he is quite deficient in those faculties giv ng natural refinement, delicacy of feeling, imagination, powers of adaptation, and construction. His general memory and practical talents, I should think, might be good. He has the requisite faculties for rendering him a close observer of men and things, and a good judge of human nature. Though Causality is not very strong, yet, having rather large Secretiveness and Cautiousness, he would be shrewd, artful, and a very good manager. He would have great selfpossession in times of danger, and might easily conceal, by the expressions of his countenance, all appearance of his real feelings or designs, so that it would be difficult to find him out, or detect his plans. His faculties admirably adapt him to take the lead, secure power, and command the respect of others, as well as render him capable of exerting a controlling influence over the minds of those like the native Africans. His cerebral organisation, as a whole, I should think, was also superior to the majority of negroes' in our own country. New York, November, 8th, 1839. Yours, &c. L. N. FOWLER. MISCELLANY. Phrenology in Hartford, Ct.-Mr. Combe delivered a course of lectures on phrenology in this city during the month of October. We copy from the "Hartford Times," of November 2d, the following interesting statement, giving an account of the reception of these lectures, together with the views which some of the most intelligent, scientific, and moral citizens of Hartford entertain respecting the science. "At a meeting of Mr. Combe's class, held at Gilman's Hall, on Friday evening, October 25th, immediately after the delivery of the last lecture of his phrenological course, the class was organised by calling the Rev. Dr. Totten to the chair, and appointing Wm. Jas. Hamersley secretary. "On motion, a committee was appointed to draft resolutions for the consideration of the class. "The committee consisted of the Rev. T. H. Gallaudet, Erastus Smith, Esq., and Dr. A. Brigham. "The committee having reported, the following resolutions were discussed, and unanimously adopted : Resolved, That we have derived great pleasure and instruction from the interesting lectures of Mr. Combe. "Resolved, That, from his able exposition of phrenology, we have learned numerous facts in relation to intellectual, moral, and physical education. "Resolved, That we consider his exposition of the subject of importance in teaching us the functions of the brain, and believe that beneficial results will be witnessed from the application of its principles to the education of youth, to legislation, jurisprudence, and the treatment of the insane. "Resolved, That a committee of five be appointed to convey to Mr. Combe these resolutions of his class, and also an expression of thanks for the gratification his lectures have afforded them. "The committee appointed in accordance with the last resolution, consisted of the Rev. T. H. Gallaudet, Erastus Smith, Esq., Dr. A. Brigham, the Rev. S. Hovey, and Professor Stewart. "On motion, adjourned. "WM. JAS. HAMERSLEY, Secretary." "SILAS TOTTEN, Chairman. Application of Phrenology to Education.-We find, in the July number of the British Phrenological Journal, a report of an interesting discussion before the Aberdeen Phrenological Society, on the application of the science to education. Mr. Connon, who had applied its prin ciples with great success for several years, is represented to have made the following statement: "He entered into a very interesting detail of the principles by which he was guided in conducting the school under his charge. Phrenology, be said, had been useful to him in two respects. First, by affording indications of the natural talents and disposition of each individual scholar, it had facilitated his labours in a very high degree. But it is, he said, in the clear insight which phrenology gives into what ought to be the object of education, and the proper method of conducting it, that he had found its chief value to consist. It enabled teachers to carry out the fundamental principles of education with a precision which he believed could not be attained by any who are ignorant of its truths. He then alluded to the principle of sympathy, as one of supreme importance in the art of teaching-the principle, that whatever feeling, desire, propensity, &c. &c. the teacher manifests, the same will be generated in corresponding strength among his pupils. If the teacher uniformly maintains the supremacy of his own moral sentiments and intellect above his lower animal feelings, his pupils will manifest the same faculties, if, on the contrary, he indulges his animal propensities-say Combativeness and Destructiveness-his pupils cannot help manifesting the same passions.” We copy only a part of Mr. C.'s remarks. The great advantages of a thorough knowledge of mental science to an instructer, must be obvious to every reflecting mind. But until the functions of the brain are correctly understood by teachers, and the true laws, which regulate the exercise and development of the cerebral organs, are recognised and obeyed, any and every system of education must necessarily be imperfect and empirical. Dr. Buchanan in Florida.-In our first volume, we presented several notices of the operations of this gentleman, in behalf of phrenology. Some time since, we received a letter from Dr. B., dated Pensacola, Fa., June 20th, 1839, containing the results of some observations, which must be interesting to the advocates of the science generally. Our limits prevent us from copying the entire letter, but we will give the more important extracts, and the substance of the remainder in our own remarks. Dr. Buchanan suggests the propriety and desirableness, that phrenologists, in various parts of the country, should communicate, from time to time, to this Journal, the results of their observations, and give an account of the progress and state of the science in the vicinity of their residence and operations. By this means, there would be more personal interest and unity of action among phrenologists themselves; the public would become better acquainted with the principles and progress of the science, as well as the number and character of its advocates, and, what is not unimportant, a correct and minute history of phrenology in this country would thus be transmitted to posterity. We would, therefore, solicit communications of the above character, and promise to make such a disposal of them, as, in our judgment, will best subserve the interests of the science. The letter of Dr. B. continues as follows: "Having just returned from a pleasant excursion in Florida, I will venture to give you some desultory reminiscences of the last few months. I have found in the public mind some lingering remains of the prejudice against our science, which was once universal; but this prejudice, when it is accompanied by curiosity and mental activity, is rather beneficial than otherwise, for it increases the amount of collision, argument, and |