from the surface, on the right-hand (south ?) side of the communion table, on which no letters were legible; and as the plate was not much decayed, it seemed probable that there never had been any inscription. It was immediately determined that this should be opened. The outer coffin of wood had been covered with velvet. The inner coffin was a very thick leaden one. It was cut open, and the lead rolled back; the body was laid in a wooden shell, and upon removing the sawdust, was found to be enveloped in very numerous folds of cerecloth, which would perhaps account for its remarkable preservation; the flesh was white and firm, but with no other odour than that of the surrounding earth. The features were much compressed by the weight of the bandages; the eyes were covered with a white film; the beard had been shaven, but there appeared a growth of about a sixteenth of an inch. The hair was long and flowing, as represented in the portraits of Hampden; it had been collected and tied with a black ribbon at the back of the head. In colour it corresponds with the description given by Mrs. Grote. I cut off a lock, which is still in my possession.

As there was no surgeon present, Lord Nugent descended into the grave, and endeavoured to ascertain whether there was any wound upon or near the left shoulder; but it being found impossible thus to make a satisfactory examination, the coffin was raised, and set upon tressels in the middle of the chancel. The body was placed in a sitting posture, with a shovel to support the head. The shoulders and arms were then carefully inspected, and the result proved that Lord Nugent's "foregone conclusion"-that Hampden's death was occasioned by a gun-shot wound in the shoulder-was at once dissipated. There did not appear any discolouration, or the slightest injury to the shoulders or arms; but in order to be perfectly satisfied, Lord Nugent himself, with a small pocket knife borrowed from me at the instant, made several incisions in the parts adjacent to the shoulder joint, without finding any fracture or displacement of the bones. Lord Nugent was evidently disappointed: he did not care to establish the fact that Hampden's death was occasioned in any other manner than by a shot from the king's troops.

My own opinion rather leaned to the tradition related by Sir Robert Pye (Hampden's son-inlaw), that his right-hand was shattered by the bursting of his pistol, and that death probably ensued from lock-jaw, arising out of extensive injury to the nervous system. When I took up the right-hand it was contained in a sort of funeral glove like a pocket. On raising it I found it was entirely detached from the arm; the bones of the wrist and of the hand were much displaced, and had been evidently splintered by some violent

concussion, only the ends of the fingers were held together by the ligaments. The two bones of the fore-arm for about three inches above the wrist were without flesh or skin, but there were no marks of amputation; both the bones were perfect. The left-hand was in a similar glove, but it was firmly attached to the arm, and remained so when the glove was drawn away. There were slight portions of flesh upon the hand; the bones were complete, and still held in their places by the ligaments which supported them. This remarkable difference in the condition of the hands sufficiently proves the truth of Sir Robert Pye's relation of the cause of Hampden's death. I have written down the facts as they came under my own observation. If any of your readers should desire to see what has been further said upon this subject, I would refer them to your own pages as above quoted; to the Morning Chronicle newspaper of the time; to the Gentleman's Magazine for 1828; to the Quarterly Review for 1832, and to the two works which are mentioned at the commencement of this paper.

I left the church early in the afternoon with Lord Nugent, Mr. Denman, and Mr. Moore; and after having been hospitably entertained at the old mansion-house of Great Hampden by Mr. Grace, in the absence of Lord Buckinghamshire, we returned to London the same evening.

I know nothing of what subsequently passed in the church. It was said that several hundred persons had been there during the afternoon, and on the following morning, for the body was not re-interred until the next day. Exposure to the air must have caused great alteration in the state of the flesh, for a rapid change was apparent even during the first hour. While Lord Nugent was in the church no surgeon had been present; the arms were not amputated, nor was the body touched with a knife by any other person but Lord Nugent himself, and in the manner above-mentioned.

Mr. Forster states that Lord Denman always entertained the strong belief that he had gazed on what had been Hampden. Such I know to have been his opinion at the time, and such I also know was then Lord Nugent's opinion, however he may have afterwards thought proper to change it. His letter to Mr. Murray, as quoted by Mr. Forster, shows that he desired to throw an air of ridicule over the transaction.

In the inscription which he wrote for the monument to the memory of Hampden, erected in 1843, on the field of Chalgrove, the cause of death is so evidently guarded, that it cannot be questioned" he received a wound of which he died." Under the circumstances a very safe and prudent conclusion. WILLIAM JAMES SMITH.

Conservative Club.

YORKSHIRE SUFFERERS IN 1745.

(3rd S. ii. 450.)

"And statutes reap the refuse of the sword." The following list of persons, who suffered at York for serving on the losing side in the Civil War of 1745-6, is compiled from the Gentleman's Magazine, and Mr. Robert Chambers's History of the Rebellion in Scotland, 2 vols., 1827.

66

Further information as to those who died by the hangman's hands at this period for the Stuarts, may be found in The Scots' Magazine for 1747,* where there is a list of persons attainted and adjudged to be guilty of high treason in Great Britain, since the 24th June, 1745, taken mostly from a list dated, Exchequer-Chamber, Edinburgh, Sep. 24, 1747, and spelled and designed as in it" (p. 649). Mrs. Thompson's Memoirs of the Jacobites of 1715 and 1745, 3 vols., 1845; Howell's State Trials, 34 vols. 8vo, 1809-29; Burton's Hist. of Scotland, from 1689 to 1748, 2 vols. 8vo, 1853; and Wilkins's Complete History of the trials, contain useful matter. The Act of Attainder of the Jacobite Peers and Gentry of Scotland, is to be found in the Statutes at Large, Geo. II., 19, cap. xxvi. It is short, and would be serviceable to many persons if reprinted in "N. & Q."

The merciless proceedings of the Government of the day were approved and encouraged by a large and powerful party: they were considered, indeed, far too lenient by many persons. An instance of this spirit, and of the baneful effect of misunderstanding the Hebrew annals, occurred at York on the 21st of August, 1746; when the chaplain of the High Sheriff of that county preached in the Minster, before the Judges, from

the text:

Executions at York.

13

Read.

Those persons distinguished in the above list by a star (*), were members of the Roman Catholic Church.

The following persons were also under sentence of death for the same cause, but were reprieved: Wm. Crosby, Wm. Barclay, John Jam. Jellens, Dan. Duff, Dav. Ogilvie, Dav. Wilkie.

The heads of Conolly and Mayne were fixed upon Michaelgate Bar. Hamilton's was packed in a box, and sent to Carlisle to undergo similar

exposure.

Mason and Mayne, when on the scaffold, replied to a question of the under-sheriff, that "they were content to die for the cause they had en"One gaged in, and died in charity with all men. of them adding, that he "died because his king was not upon the throne." When they had been hanging a very short time, the executioner cut them down, and did his office: what that was, those who are acquainted with our unreformed penal code in all its details, will not call to mind without a shudder. The chronicler of events, in the Gentleman's Magazine, shrank from repeating the details; and, therefore, refers his readers to the case of Col. Francis Towneley, and those who suffered with him, for the same cause, on Kennington Common, July 30, 1746; whose execution he had probably himself witnessed. The following is Mr. Robert Chambers's narrative of that event, somewhat condensed:

"When they had been suspended three minutes, the soldiers went under the bodies, drew off their shoes, white stockings, and breeches; and the executioner pulled off the rest of their clothes. When they had been stripped perfectly naked, the last mentioned official cut down Mr. Towneley, and laid him on the block; observing the body to retain some signs of life he struck it several violent blows upon the breast for the humane purpose of rendering it totally insensible to what re

was conferred, as a reward for loyalty, and a memorial of Sir Henry's connection with the town of Leeds. (Thoresby's Ducat. Leod. 1816, p. 146).

Chambers calls him "Collony" (vol. ii. p. 262).
Chambers calls him "Roe."

far more revolting.

In the year 1857, a number of human bones were discovered within the precincts of York Castle, which were believed to be the remains of those who suffered in 1746.

The Doncaster Gazette, of April 17, thus notices the discovery :—

"Within the last few days, a curious discovery has been made behind York Castle. A number of excavators were employed there to dig a drain, when they turned up the remains of about twenty human bodies; but the skulls of three or four of them were wanting, and the bones appeared mixed together in such an unusual manner as to excite the curiosity of all who saw the positions in which they were found. The conclusion formed respecting them is, that they are the remains of twentyone Scottish rebels who were executed near York, ten of them on Saturday, the 1st, and the remainder on Saturday the 8th of November, 1746, when they were hanged, drawn, and quartered; the local paper which was in existence at the time stating, that the whole was conducted with the utmost decency and good order!'" EDWARD PEACOCK.

"The trading people of the town and country withdrew from the provinces in such vast numbers, that the Duchess of Parma wrote to Philip II. that 100,000 men had left the country with their money and goods, and that more were following every day."

Great numbers settled in London, and at Sandwich, Canterbury, and Southampton; also at Norwich, Yarmouth, Maidstone, &c. &c. Strype says, the pope took upon him, in his Bull, to charge Queen Elizabeth, for these poor strangers, in these slanderous words, viz., "That all such as were the worst of the people resorted hither, and were by her received into safe protection." Many of these refugees, who had arrived as early as 1562, were charged by their enemies with being "ebriosi et sectarii," and accordingly lists of the members of the London Congregation were sent to the Court, and to the Bishop of London, as Superintendent of all the Foreign Churches.

Besides this, every ward made a search and return to the Secretary of State of the Strangers' within their jurisdiction, with their ages, trades, number of children and servants, and what church

they frequented. (See "N. & Q.," 2nd S. viii. 447.) Since the publication of my History of these refugees (1846), the State Paper Office has been thrown open to the historian, who will there find a curious letter from the Bishop of London to

Cecil, dated 8th Sept. 1562, in which he says:—

"I have enjoyed ye ministers off the frenche and duche nation to grant me in a p'fite Cataloge of theyre Communicantes (they not knowinge to whatt ende it is required) wch att the laste certificate did not excede the number off 900 in both churches." (Vol. xxiv. No. 24.)

The letter, however, which more immediately refers to the refugees of 1567, is one from the Bishop to Cecil, written in this same year, enclosing a book of five pages prepared by the refugees, referring to the murders, pillories, massacres, imprisonments, re-baptism of little children, banishments, confiscations, and all sorts of "desbordements" executed against the faithful subjects of the King in the Low Countries, and supplicating grace and licence

-

-"a touts gentilshommes, borgeois, marchants et artizants des pays bas de povoir librement venir en cestun vostre Royaume, et ses retirer en villes lesquelles ils vous plaira de nommer et designer a cest effect et quelles il leur soit permit de librement demeurer negotier et exercer toutes sortes de stils fet mestiers chascun selon sa sorte et qualite ou quelque aultre quil estimera plus convenable en regard au particuliers commodites des lieux & la charge touttefois en condition que ch'sun apporte certificate (a l'apprusment) du Consistoire de l'eglise de v're ville de Londres," &c. &c. (S. P. O. vol. xliii. No. 29.)

Of the 30 masters settled at Norwich in 1564, 24 were Dutch and 6 Walloons, and the cloth "The

they made was called "Flemish Cloth." Flemings taught the manufacturing of our Wool into Broad Cloth, Rashes, Flannels, and Perpetuanas, by which our Lands were advanced from 10 and 12 to 20 and 22 years' purchase."

The Flemings who settled at Canterbury about 1567 came from Lille, Nuelle, Turcom, Waterloo, Darmentures, &c. &c., as appears by the numerous wills and marriage contracts still existing.

The Grove, Henley.

JOHN S. BURN.

THE HENNINGS AND WILLIAM OF WYKEHAM (3rd S. ii. 468, 513.)--Your correspondent C. J.R. has given me most valuable information, for which I am deeply obliged to him. Perhaps he will have the kindness to fill up an hiatus still existing in the pedigree. The particulars are as follows:

1. Richard Fiennes, 4th Lord Saye and Sele.