CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

CHAPTER III.

BRUSSELS, FRANKFORT, LONDON.

VII

Occupation of Belgium by Dumouriez.-Pache, the Minister at War, joins

the Mountain. His quarrel with Dumouriez.-Effect upon Belgium.—

All nations summoned to freedom Nov. 19th.-Negotiations with Prus-

sia at Coblentz.-Lebrun proposes an offensive alliance.-Breaking off

of negotiations. - Storming of Frankfort. - · Condition of Holland.-

French plans of attack.-French intrigues in England.-Pitt's desire of

peace.-England's defensive measures.-Impression produced thereby in

France. Postponement of Dutch expedition. - Exchange of the pro-

paganda policy for a policy of conquest
Page 226

CHAPTER IV.

TRIAL OF LOUIS XVI.

Competence of the Convention.- Review of the efforts to revolutionize

foreign countries.-Private papers of the King.-Ferment in Paris.—

Communistic proposals.-Their rejection.-Commencement of the trial.—

Change in the views of the Gironde consequent on England's prepa-

rations for war.-Plan of appealing to the nation.-Examination and

defence of Louis.-Debate on the sentence.-Predominance of the Gi-

ronde.-Threatening attitude of the Democrats.-Agitation of the lower

classes in Paris.-Desertion of the troops to the Democrats.-Sentence

of death against Louis extorted by fear.-Execution of the King 260

CHAPTER V.

BEGINNING OF THE WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE,

--

French design of incorporating Belgium, which England regards as a casus

belli. France vainly endeavours to intimidate England.-New plans

against Holland. — Proceedings in Belgium.-England remains firm.-

The French Ministry pauses.-The question decided by the victory of

the Jacobins in the King's trial.-Dissolution of the Ministry.-Dumou-

riez attempts a fresh negotiation. - France declares war against the

Maritime Powers.-Pache chosen Mayor of Paris.-Democratic reorgani-

sation of the Army.-Declaration of war against Spain
297

BOOK VI.

SECOND PARTITION OF POLAND.

CHAPTER I.

EARLY POLICY OF RUSSIA.

Military and Ecclesiastical constitution of Russia subsequently to the 16th

century. Consequences of the want of private property.-Character of

Peter the Great's reforms.-Abolition of the principle of legitimacy in

the succession to the crown.-Aggressive policy.-Old and New Rus-

VIII

sians.-Catharine II.—Her plan of conquering Poland and Turkey.-

Her objects, and the relation of Austria and Prussia to them.-Attitude

assumed by Leopold II. towards Russia

CHAPTER II.

PARTITION OF POLAND.

PRELIMINARIES.

Page 327

Catharine supports the Polish malcontents.-Prussia inclines towards Russia.

Catharine proposes a separate treaty to Prussia.-Austria makes at-

tempts in St. Petersburg to obtain the same.-Conquest of Poland by

the Russians.-Prussian alliance of Aug. 7th 1792.-Internal condition

of Austria under Leopold II. and under Francis II.-Haugwitz's nego-

tiation in Vienna. Proposition that Prussia should receive Great Po-

land, and Austria Bavaria.-Discontent of Francis II

CHAPTER III.

PARTITION OF POLAND.

THE TREATY.

355

Miserable condition of Poland.-Measures taken by the Patriots.-French

agents. Views of Catharine.-Invasion of the Prussians.-Decision con-

sequent on events in France.-Treaty of Partition of Jan. 23d.-Eng-

380

land's displeasure at it appeased by the recognition of English mari-

time laws.

CHAPTER IV.

PARTITION OF POLAND.

THE EXECUTION.

Excitement in Poland caused by the entrance of Prussian troops.-Arrival

of the Russian ambassador, Count Sievers.-Anarchy in Poland.-Mili-

tary operations of the Russians.-Stupid insensibility of Polish pea-

sants.-German sympathies in Great Poland.-Immorality of the Nobles.

-Wholesale bribery.-Russia intrigues against Prussia.-Occupation of

the ceded Provinces.-Merits and faults of Prussian Policy

CHAPTER V.

RECOVERY OF BELGIUM BY THE AUSTRIANS.

398

Austria's projected preparations against France.- Frankfort Conferences.-

Plan of the campaign.-Dumouriez against Holland.-Weakness of the

Prince of Coburg.-Battles on the Roer.-Relief of Maestricht.-Flight

of the French.-Internal condition of Belgium.-Union with France.-

Risings of the peasants.-Dumouriez's return. He breaks with the

Democrats. Battle of Neerwinden.-Dumouriez gives up Belgium

CHAPTER VI.

CHANGE OF MINISTRY IN AUSTRIA.

426

Parties in the cabinet of Vienna.- Negotiation with England.-Spielmann

threatens Bavaria.-England wishes to enlarge Belgium.-Dumouriez's

catastrophe.- Conference at Antwerp.-Coburg's negotiation with France.

--Change of Ministry in Vienna.-Baron Thugut opposes the Partition

448

of Poland. - Prussia's successes against Custine.-Effect of the pro-

ceedings in Vienna upon Prussia

BOOK IV.

CAMPAIGN IN CHAMPAGNE.

CH. I.]

CHAPTER I.

WARLIKE PREPARATIONS IN GERMANY.

3

LEOPOLD

THE EMPEROR
IN THE AUTUMN OF 1791.-PRUSSIAN VIEWS ON
FRENCH AFFAIRS.-NEGOTIATION BETWEEN THE TWO POWERS.-PRUSSIA
DEMANDS COMPENSATION FOR POSSIBLE EXPENSES OF WAR.-DISCORDANT
VIEWS RESPECTING POLAND.-TREATY OF ALLIANCE of Feb. 7TH.-RUSSIA
WISHES TO SUBJECT POLAND.-DEATH OF LEOPOLD.-AUSTRIA'S PROPOSALS
RESPECTING POLAND.-RUSSIAN PROPOSALS RESPECTING POLAND.-PRUSSIA
DECIDES IN FAVOUR OF RUSSIAN SCHEME.-PRUSSIA VOTES FOR WAR
AGAINST FRANCE. THE DUKE OF BRUNSWICK.-THE COURT OF BERLIN.-
CONFERENCE AT SANSSOUCI.-THE ELECTOR OF HESSE-CASSEL.-AUSTRIA
DESIRES TO ACQUIRE BAVARIA.-PRUSSIA DEMANDS A POLISH PROVINCE.-
FRANCIS II. AND FREDERICK WILLIAM AT MAYENCE. DISPUTES.-THE
EMIGRÉS.

THE catastrophe of the 10th of August, which made the extreme democratic party masters of Paris, rendered a hostile collision between the Revolution and the German Powers inevitable.

We have already seen the commencement of the dispute between these parties, and observed that it owed its origin exclusively to the French National Assembly; and that it was especially the Gironde which prompted France to attack the Emperor. Let us now pass over to the German side, and observe how the developement of revolutionary hostility affected the affairs of our country, and what resolutions the policy of the great German Powers induced it to take. In doing so, we must return once more to the last few months of the Emperor Leopold's life.

After the acceptance of the Constitution by Louis XVI., the Emperor indulged for a time a confident hope, that the French question was solved, and that he was relieved from all fear of trouble from that quarter. He had cares enough upon him to make him heartily congratulate himself on this