The price of land and the rent of houses have risen so as to rival London and Paris. The rent question is one of these problems which must be solved, otherwise many of the merchants will become bankrupt and the poor will be reduced to abject poverty. At present the prices of grain and food-stuffs are treble what they are in Europe. In the south of Mogador many of the natives, especially the Jews, at present are starving.

Emancipating the Slaves

Where the standard of morality is not very high, the wholesale freeing of the slaves, especially the female slaves, has been a most injudicious step. Institutions should first have been formed, as in Egypt, with a board of supervision for the welfare of the slaves themselves, and also for the safeguarding of the public morals.

From personal knowledge I regret to say that a large proportion of the freed female slaves have not turned out well. When once away from all restraint they have invariably gone to the bad. This should have been guarded against.

Effects of the New Regime on
Mission Work

Eventually we hope that greater facilities will be given to missionary work, but my opinion is that for many years the difficulties will be infinitely greater even than they have been in the past. This is not due to active opposition on the part of the Moslems, but comes from callous indifference, and from disgust caused by the immoral lives of foreigners (called Christians) who have

come to take up their abode in the country. With all their bigotry and fanaticism the Moslems had come to love and admire the self-denying missionaries. The medical work all over Morocco has opened many doors and many hearts which would otherwise have been closed. The Moslems felt rebuked by the upright lives of those who had come to do them good. The early merchants were men of principle and integrity, and were an influence for good, but now with the large influx of questionable immigrants, the Moslems spit on the ground, and say: "God preserve us from being Christians."

Often the Moors ask, "Do those drinking saloons, gambling dens, and houses of ill fame represent the Christianity of Europe?"

"No," I reply. "It does not."

"Well, Doctor," they remark, "don't you think that it would be much better for you to turn your attention to the Christians, and when once you have raised them to the level of the respectable Moslem community, then. come back to us."

False Christianity, as it has come to Morocco, causes one to reflect and thank God that we have been born in a land of gospel light and liberty. If the gospel has done so much for our beloved land it can do the same for Morocco.

There is much anxiety regarding the future of Protestant missions in Morocco. It is painful to learn that the British government safeguarded the French Catholic missions in Egypt by the Anglo-French agreement, but altogether ignored the British Protestant missions in Morocco. Spain has also safeguarded the Catholic missions by treaty rights.

complete what Czar Alexander, the Liberator, had left unfinished. 1908 the tributary principality, which had already been enlarged by eastern Rumelia, declared itself a kingdom, and Prince Ferdinand became the Czar of all the Bulgarians. Hence Bulgaria may rightly be called the youngest kingdom in the world, and that kingdom has played the most important part in the Balkan war.

The Cause of the Balkan War

Some years ago a professor of ancient Greek in Aberdeen, Scotland, argued that the only solution of the eastern question was to unite all the Balkan states in one and leave them under Greece. "All my reading of Greek history," said he, "convinces me that the Greeks can most successfully rule the Balkan peninsula."

I replied that the rapid progress of the Bulgarians proves them to be the nation which will play the most important part in the Balkan peninsula. The present war has, perhaps, convinced the Scotch professor of the correctness of the view which he refused to believe to be other than prejudice.

The Bulgarians belong to the southeastern branch of the Slavs, who as early as 600 в. C. had settled in the region to the south of the Danube. The name is derived from a wild tribe which inhabited the Russian steppes through which the river Volga flows. Part of these people, called Bulgarians from Volga (Bolger), under the leadership of their powerful chief Asparuch, invaded and overran the Balkan peninsula, subdued the Slavs, ruled over them a long time and finally became absorbed by the Slavs. The invaders gave their name to the conquered so that in name the Slavs were Bulgarianized and in reality the Bul

garians were Slavanized. The Bulgarians adopted much of the Slavic language and now both language and people belong to the great Slav family.

This took place in the early part of the seventh century when the Bulgarians were barbarian heathen. They founded a kingdom of their own on the peninsula, which grew in strength until Czar Krum defeated the Greek emperor, advanced to the walls of Constantinople in 813 A. D. and humiliated the Byzantines by exacting from them a tribute. Czar Ferdinand is now repeating that part of the national history with the present owners of Constantinople. Having thus come into close proximity with Byzantine Christianity, the Bulgarians, in 864, under the reign of Czar Baris, were converted to Christianity. Czar Baris himself was first baptized and then ordered all his subjects to accept his new religion. This is known in Bulgarian history as the period of baptism. Ever since that time the Bulgarians have remained faithful to the Greek "Orthodox" communion, now the state church of Bulgaria with a national organization of its own. Much is due to that church and to the form of Christianity it represents, for the preservation of the Bulgarians as a nation, tho a considerable number of them under the force of the Yatagan have accepted Mohammedanism and have remained fanatical Mohammedans even under Bulgarian rule.

The brothers Cyril and Methodius, who introduced Christianity, gave Bulgaria their alphabet and a beginning of national literature. They translated portions of the Scriptures into the Slavic language, which with some slight changes, still remains the sacred language for worship of the Bulga