soldier preserved; the military rendered effectually subordinate to the civil magistrate; the government of the sword controlled in its exercise, because limited in its duration; and the King entrusted with the command of the army during good behaviour only.' Grattan, Observations on the [Irish] Mutiny Bill, 1781."-PAYNE.

The Mutiny Bill was superseded in 1879 by the Army Discipline and Regulation Act; this is brought into force annually by a short act called the Army Annual Act.

78 16. Profane herd. Adapted from the profanum vulgus of Horace, Odes, III., i., 1.

78 22. These ruling and master principles. Cf. Present Discontents: :

"Nations are not primarily ruled by laws; less by violence. Whatever original energy may be supposed either in force or regulation, the operation of both is, in truth, merely instrumental. Nations are governed by the same methods and on the same principles by which an individual without authority is often able to govern those who are his equals or superiors, by a knowledge of their temper and a judicious management of it."

78 30. Auspicate. Initiate with a ceremony calculated to insure prosperity or good luck. What is the Latin? Is it in the best taste to use a word of heathen associations when about to refer to the most solemn portion of Christian worship? Have we noted such a blending of paganism and Christianity in any earlier pages?

78 31. Sursum corda. Lift up your hearts. In the Mass, or the English Communion Service, this phrase, or its English equivalent, is used when the preliminary portion has been concluded, and the priest or clergyman is proceeding toward the preparation of the sacred elements. It is immediately followed by the Sanctus, unless a Proper Preface should be interposed.

78 34. High calling. Phil. iii. 14.

79 9. Quod felix faustumque sit. May it be happy and prosperous. An invocation in use by the Romans at the beginning of an important undertaking.

79 10. Temple of Peace. Cf. 53 23.

79 11 ff. Cf. 54 3 ff., pp. 80-82.

An instructive commentary upon the question of the taxation of America by England is furnished by the following editorial paragraphs from the Saturday Review of July 25, 1896 (p. 77):

"The Royal Commission appointed to inquire into the financial relations of Great Britain and Ireland published its Report weeks ago. Ten out of the thirteen Commissioners agree that we have taken £2.750,000 a year more from Ireland than Ireland ought to have paid. And this fleecing of England's weaker sister has been going on at this rate for something like half a century. According to the finding of a Commission mainly composed of Englishmen, we owe Ireland considerably over £100,000,000 sterling, a sum that, wisely expended on light railways, harbour extensions, and drainage schemes, would go far even now towards making Ireland prosperous. Had this sum been left in Ireland to fructify, it is more than likely that Ireland would never have suffered as she suffered in the early eighties, and then we should have had Home Rule in a much milder form.

"But what is to be done now? The politicians have paid no attention to this Report; it is, in fact, being met with silence--the 'Todesschweigen' that allows no whisper to disturb the grave wherein unpleasant things are buried. For our part, as we have already said, we rejoice in this Report; it shows that the cry for Home Rule has not its root in sentiment, but in material grievances, and a rich country like England can easily turn these grievances into gratitude. But will England even now act generously in this matter? That's the rub. We hope so, and shall press the point in and out of season. This Report has yet another bearing: it explains the existence of the physical-force party in Irish politics, just as the illegal levy of ship-money explained Hampden's revolt."

INDEX

Burke, Present State of the Nation, Dictionary, New English, 103, 110,

Cicero, xlvi, liv, lv, 91, 103, 110, Garter, Order of the, 101.

De Mille, Elements of Rhetoric, 92. Green, Short History of the Eng-

Horace, lv, 111, 124, 131, 141, 144, Mutiny Bill, xii, 158-159.