fort in that city, and so far from feeling the horrors of war they were amusing themselves with masques and pageants all winter. One especially, called the "Mischiauga," given in honor of Lord Howe and his brother Sir William Howe, in the arrangement of which the unfortunate Major André was most efficient. Unquestionably a beautiful display was this combined tournament and regatta on the Delaware River. Gayly colored barges crowded the stream and triumphal arches spanned the avenues lined with the King's troops along which marched the heroes attended by a train of knights and ladies in fantastic

A glowing description of this is given in a letter to a lady friend by Major André in which he boasts of his success in millinery and offers to furnish her supplies in that line.

At the time of this silken and effeminate display the number of British chivalry cooped up in Philadelphia was upwards of nineteen thousand, while the American force at Valley Forge holding them in confinement was less than twelve thousand men worn with privation and exposure. It may be that like the delay of Hannibal at Capua these months of idleness and revelry served rather to enervate than to strengthen the army of the King. Surely that of the patriots had gained despite their sufferings. Baron von Steuben, an able and efficient Prussian officer, had given them valuable aid, as through the time of their encampment he had been giving them excellent drill and thus at the opening of the spring they were in fine condition to take the field.

As to the winter of 1779-80 I do not find any event of striking interest. The disaffection of Benedict Arnold begins to appear in January of 1780. We have referred to him before as a brave leader in the invasion of Canada. He never seems to be wanting in courage, but after his marriage with a Tory lady in Philadelphia his political sympathies begin to change, and he grows more and more avaricious and swayed by selfish ambition. His conduct was such that he required to be severely reprimanded by Washington. This so angered him that he opened secret negotiations with the British in the following summer, which resulted in his ruin.

Affairs in the South had been sadly discouraging during the summer of 1780. The British had possession of Savannah

since the end of the previous year, and in the spring Charleston was captured by Sir Henry Clinton. Cornwallis nearly destroyed the American Army at Camden, the most complete defeat of the whole war. The only resistance to the British in the South was carried on by the patriotic planters under the leadership of Marion, Sumter, and Pickens. But in the autumn the tide turned. General Greene was put in command of a new army, with Morgan, William Washington, and Harry Lee under him, all brilliant and able commanders. Then commenced a series of victories at the South, of which perhaps the most wonderful was that of Cowpens, January 17, 1781.

Barrister Tarleton was the most famous commander of light armed troops in the British Army; he was a cruel fighter and had laid waste much of the country. He was sent in quest of Morgan with about 350 of his famous cavalry, a corps of light infantry, and a number of the royal artillery with two field pieces; about 1, 100 choice troops. Tarleton, after hard marching, came upon Morgan's deserted camps again and again; and at ten o'clock on the night of the 16th of January reached an encampment which had evidently been hastily abandoned, as the camp fires were smoking. Allowing his troops but a brief rest, he pushed on and encountered Morgan at a place called Hannah's Cowpens, an open wood favorable for the action of cavalry.

It was about eight o'clock on the morning of January 17, when Tarleton came up, confident of an easy victory; his men however were worn and weary for want of sleep and a rough tramp. Morgan's on the contrary were fresh and vigorous from a night's rest and a hearty breakfast. After the first impetuous attack there was confusion and panic among the British troops aided no doubt by fatigue, and a general flight took place, even Tarleton's own cavalry turned their backs and galloped off through the woods.

The loss of the British in this action was one hundred killed and two hundred wounded; five or six hundred prisoners; while the Americans lost but twelve killed and sixty wounded. A British writer says of this battle: "During the whole period of the war no other action reflected so much dishonor on the British arms." For the rest of the winter Greene led Cornwallis

a chase through North Carolina and gave battle in March. He went on leading the British troops out of the Carolinas and preparing the way for the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown in October which virtually closed the war.

There were some fights with the Indians, a few encounters between the armies, and many diplomatic perplexities to decide before the treaty could be signed. All was completed in time however, and on the 25th of November, 1783, the British troops sailed away from New York and Washington, after disbanding his army and resigning his commission, went home to Mount Vernon to pass his Christmas in the delights of peace and the joy of a liberated and independent country.

MEMORIAL TO THE PIONEER WOMEN OF BRYAN'S STATION, KENTUCKY.

No more striking or remarkable incident has been recorded in the history of the Indian wars of this country than that lately commemorated by the Lexington Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, in the dedication of their memorial to the pioneer women of Bryan's Station, Kentucky. Not only has the Lexington Chapter deserved commendation for

the worthy mannner in which they have honored a deed celebrated in the history of their State, but they have also earned for themselves the distinction of erecting the first memorial ever raised in this country to women by women.

For nearly two years the completion of this memorial has absorbed the energies of the Chapter. The members have cheerfully and unstintedly given time and labor to the work, and they can now feel with pride that, as a result of their efforts, a suitable monument marks the site of one of the most important events in Kentucky history.

The work was begun in October, 1894, on a motion made by Miss Nellie Talbott Kinkead. Much of the interest which lead to its adoption was due to the efforts and representations of Miss Genevieve Morgan Mulligan, who had long endeavored to excite an interest in marking this spot.

The story of the attack on the fort is as follows: Early in the summer of 1782 a band of Indian warriors assembled at Chillicothe for the purpose of perfecting plans for a raid upon the weak settlements in Kentucky. They were joined by Simon and James Girty, two renegade white men, and several British officers, who encouraged them in their purpose, holding out to them the hope of regaining once more their former hunting grounds. After but little deliberation the band, variously estimated at from six hundred to a thousand Indians and rangers, advanced into Kentucky under the leadership of Simon Girty. Their plan was to surprise and capture Bryan's Station in Fayette County, after which they would attack Lexington, five miles away. If successful they were to advance upon the other Kentucky settlements in turn.

Bryan's Station stood on the summit of a little hill near the banks of the Elkhorn Creek, and comprised forty cabins, built in the form of a parallelogram, and block houses at the angles. Its garrison consisted of forty-four men. In its construction one important fact had been neglected. There was no water within the walls of the fort. The spring which supplied the garrison was at the foot of the hill, and at a distance of about fifty yards from the fort.

After entering Kentucky the invaders dispatched a part of their forces to attack the stations south of the Kentucky River

in order that attention might be diverted from their move upon Bryan's Station and Lexington. They reached Bryan's Station on the night of the 16th of August, their presence being unknown to the garrison. They placed themselves in ambush in a cane-brake on the opposite side of the creek, within easy gun-shot of the spring. A detachment of about one hundred Indians was placed on the other side of the fort, near the road leading to Lexington. It was intended that these should attract the attention of the garrison and decoy them outside the walls; this being accomplished, the main body would rush from their hiding places upon the opposite and unguarded gate of the fort and effect an entrance.

The garrison of the station, unaware of danger, were actively engaged in preparations to march to the assistance of the settlements south of the Kentucky River, for word had been brought of the invasion in that part of the State. When the gates were opened the next morning, and the little company of volunteers were about to pass out, they were greeted by bullets from the rifles of the savages near the Lexington road, which quickly drove them back into the shelter of the fort. Skilled in the tactics of Indian warfare, they at once divined the plan of the savages. Runners were immediately sent to Lexington to secure aid, and preparations were made for a siege. But a most serious embarrassment arose from want of water. Should the siege be prolonged great suffering would necessarily ensue. If the men should go to the spring for water, they knew Indians would at once begin an overwhelming attack on both sides of the fort. The women were called together and urged to undertake the hazardous task of providing water. They were told it was not likely that the Indians, who believed their ambush across the creek to be as yet undiscovered, would care to disclose their presence by an attack upon a few women, when they hoped soon to be able to capture all the occupants of the fort by their strategy. At first, as was natural, the women hesitated; but soon realizing that the hopes of the fort were centered on their courageous performance of this task, one by one they expressed their willingness to go for the water. With their buckets on their arms they went in a body to the spring, within easy range of the rifles of several hundred