1868. Schools and Universities on the Continent.

1869. Culture and Anarchy.

1870. St. Paul and Protestantism.

1871. Friendship's Garland.

1873. Literature and Dogma.

1875. God and the Bible.

1877. Last Essays on Church and Religion.

1879. Mixed Essays.

1882. Irish Essays.

1885. Discourses in America.

1888. Essays in Criticism. Second Series.

1888. Civilization in the United States.

*For a complete list of Arnold's writings in prose and poetry, and of writings about Arnold, see the admirable Bibliography of Matthew Arnold by T. B. Smart, London, 1892.

ESSAYS ON ARNOLD'S PROSE.

Appleton, C. E. A Plea for Metaphysics. Contemporary Review, xxviii. 923-947; xxix. 44-69.

Birrell, Augustine. Res Judicatæ. London, 1892.

Blackie, John Stuart. Homer and his Translators. Macmil lan's Magazine, iv. 268-280.

Burroughs, John. Indoor Studies. Boston, 1889.

Etienne, Louis. La critique contemporaine en Angleterre. Revue des Deux Mondes, lxii. 744-767.

Hutton, R. H. Modern Guides of English Thought in Matters of Faith. London, 1887.

Jacobs, Joseph. Literary Studies. London, 1895.

Knight, William. Studies in Philosophy. London, 1879. Lang, Andrew.

849-864.

Matthew Arnold. Century Magazine, xxiii.

Robertson, John M. Modern Humanists. London, 1891. Saintsbury, George. Corrected Impressions. London, 1895. Shairp, J. C. Culture and Religion. Edinburgh, 1870. Sidgwick, Henry. The Prophet of Culture. Macmillan's Magazine, xvi. 271-280.

Spedding, James. Reviews and Discussions. London, 1879. Traill, H. D. Matthew Arnold. Contemporary Review, liii. 868-881.

SELECTIONS.

The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.

MANY objections have been made to a proposition which, in some remarks of mine on translating Homer, I ventured to put forth; a proposition about criticism, and its importance at the present day. I said: "Of 5 the literature of France and Germany, as of the intellect of Europe in general, the main effort, for now many years, has been a critical effort, the endeavour, in all branches of knowledge, theology, philosophy, history, art, science, to see the object as Io in itself it really is." I added, that owing to the operation in English literature of certain causes, "almost the last thing for which one would come to English literature is just that very thing which now Europe most desires,-criticism"; and that the power 15 and value of English literature was thereby impaired. More than one rejoinder declared that the importance I here assigned to criticism was excessive, and asserted the inherent superiority of the creative effort of the human spirit over its critical effort. And the 20 other day, having been led by a Mr. Shairp's excellent notice of Wordsworth' to turn again to his biography,

I cannot help thinking that a practice, common in England during the last century, and still followed in France, of printing a

I found, in the words of this great man, whom I, for one, must always listen to with the profoundest respect, a sentence passed on the critic's business, which seems to justify every possible disparagement of it. Wordsworth says in one of his letters:

"The writers in these publications" (the Reviews), "while they prosecute their inglorious employment, cannot be supposed to be in a state of mind very favourable for being affected by the finer influences of a thing so pure as genuine poetry."

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And a trustworthy reporter of his conversation quotes a more elaborate judgment to the same effect:"Wordsworth holds the critical power very low, infinitely lower than the inventive; and he said to-day that if the quantity of time consumed in writing crit- 15 iques on the works of others were given to original composition, of whatever kind it might be, it would be much better employed; it would make a man find out sooner his own level, and it would do infinitely less mischief. A false or malicious criticism may do 20 much injury to the minds of others, a stupid invention, either in prose or verse, is quite harmless."

It is almost too much to expect of poor human nature, that a man capable of producing some effect notice of this kind,- —a notice by a competent critic,-to serve as an introduction to an eminent author's works, might be revived among us with advantage. To introduce all succeeding editions of Wordsworth, Mr. Shairp's notice might, it seems to me, excellently serve; it is written from the point of view of an admirer, nay, of a disciple, and that is right; but then the disciple must be also, as in this case he is, a critic, a man of letters, not, as too often happens, some relation or friend with no qualification for his task except affection for his author,