The Theory of Strains in Girders and Similar Stuctures with Observations on the Application of Theory to Practice and Tables of the Strength and Other Properties of Materials, Band 2Longmans, Green, and Company, 1869 |
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Beliebte Passagen
Seite 239 - A low breaking strain may be due to looseness and coarseness in the texture, or to extreme softness, although very close and fine in quality. 4. The contraction of area at fracture, previously overlooked, forms an essential element in estimating the quality of specimens. 5. The respective merits of various specimens can be correctly ascertained by comparing the breaking strain jointly with the contraction of area.
Seite 377 - In wrought-iron bars no very perceptible effect was produced by 10,000 successive deflections by means of a revolving cam, each deflection being due to half the weight which, when applied statically, produced a large permanent flexure.
Seite 193 - A long, uniform, cast-iron pillar, with its ends firmly fixed, whether by means of discs or otherwise, has the same power to resist breaking as a pillar of the same diameter, and half the length, with the ends rounded or turned so that the force would pass through the axis.
Seite 375 - A heavy ball was suspended by a wire 18 feet long, from the roof, so as to touch the centre of the side of the bar. By drawing this ball out of the vertical position at right angles to the length of the bar in the manner of a pendulum, to any required distance, and suddenly releasing it, it could be made to strike a horizontal blow upon the bar, the magnitude of which could be adjusted at pleasure, either by varying the size of the ball or the distance from which it was released. Various bars (some...
Seite 219 - ... occurred in vertical planes, splitting up the specimen in all directions ; cracks were noticed to form some time before the specimen finally gave way ; then these rapidly increased in number, splitting the glass into innumerable irregular prisms of the same height as the cube ; finally, these bent or broke, and the pressure, no longer bedded on a firm surface, destroyed the specimen.
Seite 395 - ... of mortar. The resistance of good coursed rubble masonry to crushing is about four-tenths of that of single blocks of the stone that it is built with. Coursed rubble is used for retaining walls and wing-walls that...
Seite 192 - 1st. In all long pillars of the same dimensions, the resistance to crushing by flexure is about three times greater when the ends of the pillars are flat, than when they are rounded.
Seite 241 - Thus the amount borne was much less when the diameter was uniform for some inches of the length than when confined to a small portion — a peculiarity previously unascertained, and not even suspected. 49. It is necessary to know correctly the exact conditions under which any tests are made before we can equitably compare results obtained from different quarters. 50. The startling discrepancy between experiments made at the Royal Arsenal, and by the writer, is due to the difference in the shape of...
Seite 376 - ... the magnitude of the blow in each set of experiments being made greater or smaller, as occasion, required. The general result obtained was, that when the blow was powerful enough to bend the bars through one-half of their ultimate- deflection, (that is to say, the deflection which corresponds to their fracture by dead pressure,) no bar was able to stand...
Seite 284 - ... for copper plates. Multiply the constant number by the given diameter in inches, and by the thickness in inches ; the product is the pressure in pounds, which will be required to punch a hole of a given diameter, through a plate of a given thickness. It was observed that, duration of pressure lessened considerably the ultimate force necessary to punch through metal, and that the use of oil on the punch reduced the pressure about eight per cent. A drawing of the experimental lever and apparatus...