Virginia F 451 130519 Entered according to Act of Congress in the year 1885, by F. A. BATTEY AND W. H. PERRIN, In the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, to include page 738. TH PREFACE. HE purpose and design of this volume have been the presentation of the history of Kentucky in narrative form, its adaptation to the tastes and demands of the general reader, and, as far as consistent, to incorporate statistical facts for the benefit of those who would seek in its pages reference matter. In the preparation of the work, the desire of the publishers has been to give to their patrons a history conscientiously prepared, and a volume faithfully executed in all its aspects. Much of the subject matter incorporated was submitted, before its publication, to those who were deemed critics upon the topics treated, in order to detect if possible any errors of statement that might inadvertently creep in. That perfection has been attained in all of our efforts we do not claim, but we do hold that a fair measure of accuracy and completeness has been reached, consistent with a work of this magnitude. Those who are interested in the very exciting events which transpired in Kentucky during the period of the civil war, and in which her troops took part elsewhere, will find a fund of information between the covers of this book which has not heretofore been accessible to the general public, and much that has never before been published in any form. The difficulties to be overcome in collecting this material were almost insurmountable, owing to the fragmentary and chaotic condition of the documentary sources at command. Especially was this the case with that which had reference to the Confederates and their service. Appendix B, which is almost wholly made up of statistical matter pertaining to army service, is taken largely from the State Adjutant-General's reports, and though possibly containing some inaccuracies in names and dates, has been corrected in some particulars, and is presented in as nearly a perfect form as possible. THE PUBLISHERS ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST COLONY IN VIR- GINIA-The Fifteenth Century-Early Voyages of Dis covery-Objects of Exploration-The First Colonial Charter-First Settlement Made-The Lost Colony of Roanoke-Colonial Interests Under James I-First Col- ony Planted in Virginia-Early Dissensions-Woes of CHAPTER II.-1625-1802. VIRGINIA AS A DEPENDENCY OF THE CROWN.-Stages of Colonial Development-Administration of Harvey- Contest with the Governor-Hostility to the Maryland Colony-Arrival of Sir William Berkeley-Loyalty of Virginia-Surrender to the Commonwealth-Effect on Virginia Affairs-Political Reaction Under Charles II— Royal Favoritism-The Bacon Uprising-Attempts at Reconciliation-The "Test or Recognition"-End of the Rebellion-Accession of James II-Assembly Restored to Power-English Administration of Colonial Affairs- Attempts to Form a Union-Situation at the Accession of George III-Commercial Tyranny of England-Do- mestic Industries-Fixed Revenue Refused-Virginia's Individuality-Development of the Aristocracy-Influ- ence of the Cavalier Element-Character and Extent of Immigration-Internal Growth-Social Institutions and Characteristics-Fashionable Dissipations-Results of Democracy-Character of the Established Church-Grow- BEYOND THE ALLEGHANIES-VIRGINIA'S CONQUESTS IN THE WEST-Early Bounds of Virginia-Tramontane Explorations-Hostility of the Indians-The French in America-Character of French Colonization-Their Colonial Policy in the West-Conflict with the Iroquois -In Contact with the English-The War of Civilizations -Opposing Forces in the Ohio Valley-English At- tempts at Colonization-Claims of the English-Descent of the French-Braddock's Campaign-Conquest of the Valley by the English-Extension of English Settle- ments-Land Company Enterprises-Forest Diplo- macy-Preparations for the New Struggle-The Situation in Kentucky-Clark's Arrival on the Border-Recog- nition of the Kentuckians-Organization of the Western Expedition-Rendezvous on Corn Island-Official In- structions to Clark-The Illinois Country-Capture of Kaskaskia-Descent of the British from Detroit-The THE DARK AND BLOODY GROUND-ITS PREHISTORIC AN- 17 PAGE. Typical Structures-Unclassified Remains-Antiquity Fate of this Prehistoric People-Vast Indian Migra- tion-Traditionary Lore of the Tribes-Aboriginal In- CHAPTER V.-1754-1775. EXPLORATIONS AND FIRST SETTLEMENT OF KENTUCKY.-- COLONIZATION OF KENTUCKY-THE BORDER STRUGGLE.— The Transylvania Colony-Its Political Organization- Important Meeting of Proprietors-A Petition to Con- gress-Regulation of Land Sales-Opposition to the Project-Conciliatory Measures by Company's Agent- The Harrodsburg Petition-Character of the Company- Mr. Hogg's Mission to Philadelphia-His Report to the Copartners-Erection of Kentucky County-Proprie- tors Dispossessed and Compensated-Indian Depreda- tions on New Settlements-Increase of Settlements Noted-Girls Captured at Boonesborough-Patterson's Company Attacked by Savages-The Virginia Powder Secured Diary of George Rogers Clark-Woodchoppers Attacked-An Indian Stratagem-Boonesborough Se- riously Assailed-The Long Siege of St. Asaph's-Heroic Conduct of Logan-Character of Indian Sieges-Repri sals by the Whites, etc........................................................................ KENTUCKY'S PART IN THE WAR FOR Independence.- Character of the Frontier Struggle-Ominous Opening of 1778-Capture of the Salt-makers-Boone's Escape from His Captors-Scouting to Paint Creek Town-Du- Quesne's Attack on Boonesborough-Predatory Incur- sions of the Savages-Kenton's Unsuccessful Horse- Stealing Terrible Experience as a Captive-Escape from Detroit-Increase of Kentucky Stations-Lexing- ton, Ruddle's, Martin's, etc., Founded-Large Immigra- tion in 1779-Rogers' Terrible Defeat-Experience of Capt. Benham-Bowman's Expedition Across the Ohio- Unfortunate Termination and Retreat-Responsibility for the Failure-The Hard Winter, 1779-80-Wonderful Immigration via the Ohio River-Fort Jefferson Built- THE PRICE OF LIBERTY.-Desperate Fortune of Last Years PAGE. the Savages-Hoy's and Bryant's Stations Attacked- An Instance of Female Heroism-Attempt to Re-enforce the Station-Savages Retire and are Pursued-Battle of Blue Lick-The Suspected Ambush-Complete Over- CHAPTER IX.-1775-1783. THE PIONEER AND PIONEER DAYS.-Character of the Pio- Barrens-Character of the Game-Spontaneous Devel- opment of Society-Order of Social Evolution-Joe Logston and his Class-Simon Kenton-Daniel Boone- Character and Dress of "First Settlers "-James Harrod -Effect of Early Conditions on Population-Female Heroism-Precocious Adventurers-Reality of Pioneer Life-The Immigration of 1780-Kentucky Boats- Planting a Frontier Home-Agricultural Beginnings- The Pioneer's Wealth-Woman's Worth and Work-In- side the Cabin-Duties of the Housewife-The Dress of the People-Constitution of Society-Social Forms and Habits-Courtship and Marriage-The use of Intoxi- cants-Religious Influences-Sunday on the Frontier- CHAPTER X.-1784-1795. THE ERA OF SOCIAL EVOLUTION.-A Remarkable Period of -Preparations for a Federal Campaign-Story of the March-Harmar's Defeat-The New Plans Adopted- Scott's Successful Expedition-Wilkinson's Campaign- St. Clair's Attack of the Indians-His Terrible Defeat- Causes and Effects of the Disaster-Kenton on the Bor- der-Peace Efforts Renewed-The Army on the Miami -A Final Peace Conference-Gen. Wayne's Prepara- tions-Advance of His Army-Battle of Fallen Timbers EARLY POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT.-Gradual Extension of Frontier Lines-First Institution of Government-The District and its Court-Condition in 1784-First Conven- tion to Consider Separation-Address to the People-A New Convention Assembled-James Wilkinson and His Influence-Political Agitation of 1785-Act of Separa- tion-Character of the Second Act-The Navigation of the Mississippi-Unauthorized Action of Clark-Wil- kinson's Commercial Venture-The Federal Constitu- tion-Kentucky Thwarted by Congress-Vexation of the People-Spirited Contest of 1788-The Formation of Parties-Proceedings of the Seventh Convention- The Spanish" Conspiracy"-English Intrigue by Con- nolly-Final Act of Separation-Organization of the State-Its Territorial Límits-Population and Growth of Towns-Limestone, Washington, Paris-Lexington and its Manufactories-The Route to Tennessee-Hen- derson, Frankfort, etc.-Louisville, Its Early Features THE NEW STATE AND ITS PROBLEMS.-A Constitution 174 .192 PAGE. The War of 1812-Some of the Causes which Led to It tle of New Orleans-Peace, etc....... CHAPTER XIII.-1812-1860. Governor-National and Democratic Republicans- Election of 1832-United States Bank-Whig and Demo- cratic Parties-Gov. Clark-General Bankruptcy-The "Hard Cider" Campaign of 1840-Judge Owsley Elect- ed Governor-Election of 1844-Clay and the Slavery Question-The Coming Storm-Death of Clay-John J. Crittenden-Constitution of 1849-First Election under the New Regime-A Democratic Governor-The Know-Nothing Party-Its Platform of Principles- Bloody Riot in Louisville-Election of 1856-Demo- CHAPTER XIV.-1833-1848. of Buena Vista-Fatality Among Kentucky Troops- FIRST PHASES OF THE CIVIL WAR IN KENTUCKY.-Slavery, the Primal Evil-Prominent Kentuckians-The State Military-Vote of 1860-The First Call for Troops-Gov. Magoffin's Dispatch to the President-Kentucky's Neu- trality-Troops for the Confederacy-Border State Con- vention-The Peace Party-"Southern Rights" People -Military District of Kentucky and Tennessee-Gen. Anderson-Camp Dick Robinson-Lieut. William Nel- son-First Kentucky Regiments-Courage of the Moun- tucky-Gen. L. H. Rousseau-Correspondence Between Buckner and McClellan-Federal Troops Enter Ken- Lieut. Carter-Cumberland Gap-Camp Jo Holt-Occu- Bowling Green-Federal Troops Occupy Muldraugh's Hill-Gen Sherman Succeeds to the Command in Ken- tucky-Affairs in Southwestern Kentucky-Arms for the Kentucky Troops-Gen. Thomas Takes Command at Camp Dick Robinson-A Skillful Piece of Financier- ing-Position of the Knoxville Whig-Gen. Zollicoffer's Movements-Great Need of Transportation-Maneuver- Incident of his Intimacy with President Lincoln, etc.... 319 CHAPTER XVI.-1861-1863. MILITARY OPERATIONS IN KENTUCKY AND TENNESSEE.- |