1843, February 11th, Engagement with the Sultan of Lahij. Treaties 1843, September 11th, Agreement regarding the Levy of with Duties of Merchandise in Transit through the Buhawulpoor Territory. 1844, February 20th, Further Bond entered into by the Sultan of Lahij. 1844, October 31st, Rules by His Highness the Gwickwar forced into his Ports by stress of weather, from Pay- 1844, November 8th, Treaty with the Sultan of Johanna for 1845, October 2nd, Further Agreement with the Imaum of Muscat for the Suppression of Slavery. 1846, March 19th, Engagement by His Highness the Nawab 1846, March 9th, Treaty with the State of Lahore. Native 1847, April 30th, with Shaik Sultan Bin Suggur, Chief of Agree Ras-ool Kymah and Shurgah. 1847, April 30th, with Shaikh Muktoom, of Debaye. gavine. 1847, May 3rd, with Shaikh Saud Bin Tohnoon, of Aboothabee. 1847, May 8th, Shaikh Mahomed Bin Khuleefa, of Bahrein. 1848, June 12th, Firmans by the Shah of Persia for the Suppression of the Slave Trade by Sea. 1849, May 22nd, Engagement with the Chief of Sohar for abolishing Slave Trade. ments for the Aboli tion of the African Slave Trade. Treaties 1849, May 7th, Final Treaty with the Sultan of Lahej. 1851, October 8th, Rules by the Rao of Kutch, exempting, 1853, February 22nd, Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Nawab of Buhawulpoor. 1853, May 4th, Perpetual Treaty of Peace, by Chiefs of the Arabian Coast. 1853, August 15th, Agreement with the Chiefs of Pahlunpoor for the Suppression of Infanticide. 1853, May 14th, Treaty with Meer Nusseer Khan, Chief of the Kelat. 1853, May 21st, Treaty with the Nizam. 1855, February 10th, Treaty with the Raja of Nepaul respecting the mutual surrender of Criminals. 1857, March 4th, Treaty of Peace between Her Majesty the Queen, and the Shah of Persia. CHAPTER VII. EXISTING GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS AND PUBLIC SECT. I.-EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. SECT. II.- PUBLIC SECT. I.-EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. THE existing system of Government education in Education. India is as follows: There are Directors of Public Instruction in Bengal, the North-West Provinces, Madras, Bombay, and the Punjaub respectively, and under them are Inspectors and Sub-Inspectors of different grades, in numbers proportioned to the territories to be superintended. There are three Universities constituted under Acts of the Legislature of India at Calcutta,* Madras,* and Bombay. These Institutions were (by a dispatch of the Court of Directors, dated July 19, 1854), directed to be framed on the model of the University of London, and empowered to grant degrees to all who should * Vide Acts of the Indian Government, Nos. 2 and 27 of 1857. Education. produce certificates from certain affiliated Institutions, comprising all the principal Colleges and Schools in India, as to a previous course of study. The functions of these Presidency Universities are thus defined in the dispatch above alluded to: 66 The Universities in India will consist of a Chancellor, Vice-chancellor, and Fellows, who will constitute a Senate. The Senates will have the management of the funds of the Universities and frame regulations, under which periodical examinations may be held in the different branches of art and science by examiners, selected from their own body, or nominated by them. The function of the Universities will be to confer degrees upon such persons as having been entered as candidates according to the rules which may be fixed in this respect, and having produced from any of the "affiliated Institutions,” which will be enumerated on the foundation of the Universities, or be from time to time added to them by Government, certificates of conduct, and of having pursued a regular course of study for a given time, shall have also passed at the Universities such an examination as may be required of them. The examination for degrees will not include any subjects. connected with religious belief; and the affiliated Institutions will be under the management of persons of every variety of religious persuasion. As in England, various Institutions in immediate connection with the Church of England, the Presbyterian College at Caermarthen, the Roman Catholic College at Oscott, the Wesleyan College at Sheffield, the Baptist College at Bristol, are among the Institutions from which the University of London is empowered to receive certificates for degrees ;-so in India, Institutions conducted by all denominations of Christians, Hindoos, Mahommedans, Parsees, Sikhs, Bhuddists, Janis, or any other religious persuasions, may be affiliated to the Universities, if they are found to afford the requisite course of study, and can be depended upon for the certificates of conduct which will be required." With respect to all existing vernacular and Anglovernacular Schools throughout India, whether esta blished by individuals or societies, they are entitled, Education. on certain prescribed conditions to grants in aid, on proof of attainment to a prescribed standard of secular instruction. Among the schools entitled under existing Government regulations, to grants in aid, are those established at various periods by Christian Missionary Societies. The total number of these schools scattered throughout the various districts of India, including vernacular and English elementary schools, both for boys and girls, was in 1853, 1657 schools, containing 64,806 scholars of both sexes, as will appear from the following statistical table :— Total 1120 38,102 86 2167 92 13,189 262 8772 97 2576 These schools have been chiefly established by the |